Deck 10: Fostering Self-Discipline in Children: Communicating Expectations and Rules

Question 1

When an adult intervenes in a conflict between two kindergarten children, what would be the most effective reflection?

A) "You're hitting."
B) "You hate Henry."
C) "You're angry."
D) "You could really hurt each other when you hit like that."
E) "It upsets me when you hit each other. Try talking instead."

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What behavior is NOT a component of self-regulation?

A) impulse control
B) resistance to temptation
C) delay of gratification
D) making and carrying out social plans of action
E) self-identification

Answer 2

E

Question 3

When Mrs. Myers says, "I like it when children help clean up," she is expecting the children to follow the rule at which level of compliance?

A) moralization
B) identification
C) egocentrism
D) adherence
E) internalization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the most advanced form of self-regulation called?

A) adherence
B) empathy
C) internalization
D) ethical induction
E) identification

Question 5

Prior to snack, Brian spent several minutes cleaning up the art table. The best form of praise would be, "You worked hard," followed by which of the subsequent sentences?

A) "I appreciate your being such a good helper."
B) "You're a great cleaner upper."
C) "I'm pleased you put away all the paper and crayons. Now this table is ready for snack."
D) "It makes me feel good when you are so nice."
E) "Thank you."

Question 6

When is modeling most effective?

A) When the model is another child.
B) When the model is doing something children wish they could do but are not yet capable of doing.
C) When the model's behavior is pointed out to children.
D) When the model is a male.
E) None of the above

Question 7

What does the following episode demonstrate? A boy watched his father curse and punch his fist through a wall when confronted with a frustrating situation. Later, the boy found that he couldn't fix a flat tire on his bicycle, and he then pounded on his garage wall.

A) direct instruction
B) punishment
C) reinforcement
D) modeling

Question 8

You hear a child say, "If I get into a fight with my brother, Mom won't let me watch TV tonight; so I won't fight him until she leaves for work." What is this an example of?

A) transductive reasoning
B) guilt
C) identification
D) adherence
E) internalization

Question 9

How is the adult obtaining compliance when she says, "Remember, whoever washes their hands properly gets a star on their chart?"

A) self-regulation
B) cooperation
C) adherence
D) identification
E) internalization

Question 10

Students who come to class only because they lose 20 points for each absence are complying at what level?

A) internalization
B) identification
C) moral understanding
D) adherence
E) imitation

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors is considered to be the single most important characteristic of the authoritative adult?

A) identifies children's emotions
B) gives reasons for his or her expectations
C) discloses his or her own feelings to children
D) asks children to explain why they did or did not do something
E) models appropriate behavior

Question 12

To which of the following directions are very young children most likely to respond appropriately?

A) "Use your fork to eat your peas."
B) "Stop eating with your fingers."
C) "Don't talk with your mouth full."
D) "Try not to eat so fast."

Question 13

Tracy is growing up in a household that can be described as permissive. Over time, what does the research say she will probably be like?

A) affectionate
B) compliant
C) happy
D) hostile
E) over-achieving

Question 14

What would four-year-old Marlene's reaction most likely be when she gets paint all over her best dress after her mother told her to keep it clean?

A) She would not feel guilty at all.
B) She would feel guilty that she broke the rule about keeping her clothes clean.
C) She would feel guilty because her mother will be upset.
D) She would feel guilty because her grandmother's feelings will be hurt since she gave her the dress as a gift.
E) None of the above

Question 15

When an adult intervenes in a conflict between two sixth-graders, what would be the most appropriate reflection?

A) "You're hitting."
B) "You hate Henry."
C) "You're angry."
D) "You could really hurt each other when you hit like that."
E) "It upsets me when you hit each other. Try talking instead."

Question 16

Which of the following attributes does NOT fit the behavior pattern of an authoritarian adult? The adult

A) has high expectations for children's behavior
B) is flexible
C) is detached
D) expects unquestioning obedience
E) is impatient

Question 17

What are the characteristics of authoritative adults?

A) They have warm relationships and high expectations for children.
B) They attempt to direct children's behavior through force.
C) They have warm relationships and few expectations for children.
D) They are neglectful of children.
E) They tend to be fearful and impulsive.

Question 18

Boyd, at age six, is pleased about going to camp. His friend Darryl is apprehensive. What would be Boyd's understanding of Darryl's perspective?

A) None at all.
B) He would recognize Darryl's reaction but assume he doesn't know everything Boyd does about the camp.
C) He would consider alternately his own pleasure and then Darryl's discomfort.
D) He would speculate about why Darryl is apprehensive, then attempt to change his perception through reasoning.

Question 19

Which of the following is least characteristic of internalization?

A) It occurs at different times for different issues.
B) It happens spontaneously.
C) It involves behaviors and attitudes that become basic parts of the personality.
D) It involves avoiding self-condemnation.

Question 20

Randy, a 10-year-old, would respond best to which of the following reasons for not handling Jim's card collection?

A) "If you're not careful, the cards could get mixed up."
B) "Handling the cards like that could tear one."
C) "Your hands are dirty."
D) "That's Jim's card collection. He doesn't want anyone else touching it."
E) None of the above

Question 21

Establishing clear rules with children is addressed primarily in the top most level of the Social Support Pyramid.

Question 22

Authoritative adults often ask children to contribute to creating classroom rules.

Question 23

Mr. Ryan wants the children to follow the rule, "Wipe the tables down after lunch." It would be most effective for him to model the behavior without saying anything more about it.

Question 24

Choose the most effectively stated rule from the following list.

A) "When you finish using something, put it back where it belongs."
B) "We never use put-downs when talking to other people."
C) "Always join the line on the left if you're a girl."
D) "People don't push at our school."

Question 25

Authoritative and authoritarian adults both score high on which of the following guidance dimensions??1. Control?2. Maturity demands?3. Communication?4. Nurturance

A) control and communication
B) maturity demands and communication
C) control and maturity demands
D) control

Question 26

Children who respond to personal messages are moving toward the identification stage of following rules.

Question 27

You notice two children wrestling on the grass. What should you think about before you decide whether or not to intervene?

A) safety
B) rights
C) property
D) All of the above
E) safety and property

Question 28

A child needs to experience disapproval in order to develop a conscience.

Question 29

Children whose parents are permissive develop behavior patterns that are similar to those of children whose parents are authoritative.

Question 30

This is an example of a correct personal message to Nathan, who coughs from his cold and spits on the floor: "That cough is really bothering you. I'm concerned that when you spit on the floor someone could step in it, slip, and get hurt. Clean that up with a paper towel."

Question 31

Giving children information about how their behavior affects others is an example of direct instruction.

Question 32

Children are developmentally unable to internalize any rules prior to later adolescence.

Question 33

The withdrawal of love is a common tactic of the authoritarian discipline style.

Question 34

When it comes to guidance styles, control refers to how and to what extent adults enforce children's obedience.

Question 35

The manner in which you set a rule may vary based on which of the following circumstances?

A) the child's age
B) the child's temperament
C) the child's family income
D) the child's age and temperament

Question 36

Negative commands such as "Don't touch the stove" have little meaning for young children because they are unable to mentally reverse physical actions.

Question 37

An example of direct instruction to socialize children's behavior occurs when an adult says to a child, "One pancake at a time."

Question 38

Children at the adherence stage do not understand the real importance of the rules they follow.

Question 39

"You're having fun, but I'm worried that the rest of the children are getting mad about waiting in line. Come down from there." This is an ineffective personal message for the following reason:

A) The reflection is really an accusation.
B) The reflection has been contradicted by the word 'but'.
C) The adult's emotion is not strong enough for the situation.
D) The adult's reason is not connected to the problem behavior.
E) The whole message is too long.

Question 40

Most children with special needs cannot follow the same rules that apply to other children in the class.

Question 41

The teacher who offers children more time at recess if everyone completes their work on time is hoping children will respond at the identification level of compliance.

Question 42

What qualities or behaviors would you expect to observe in an autocratic adult?

Question 43

What does delay of gratification mean? Give an example.

Question 44

The first time children feel guilty is when they break a known rule.

Question 45

Warm, friendly, and creative are all words that describe the authoritarian adult.

Question 46

What is the emotional component of self-regulation that serves a stop function?

Question 47

Define self-regulation.

Question 48

"You like to play with the beanbags. If you have them all, the other children won't have a chance to use any. Take two and leave two here."

Question 49

A rule that can be described as reasonable is one about which both the child and the adult have a mutual understanding of what the rule means.

Question 50

John kicks Marsha. The adult says, "You're angry. It upsets me when you kick. Kicking hurts. No more kicking."

Question 51

"You're anxious to tell me something, but I'm worried you could choke when you talk and chew at the same time. Swallow your food, then tell me."

Question 52

What is the term for the force that motivates people to comply with a rule because someone they admire advocates the rule?

Question 53

"You keep trying to sneak out of cleaning up. I get upset when the blocks are everywhere; some could get lost. Start putting these blocks on the shelf."

Question 54

The first time children feel guilty is when they are responsible for hurting another person.

Question 55

Telling a child "Stop playing with the I-pod" is an example of an effective rule.

Question 56

What are three ways children learn about rules through experience? Give an example of each one you choose.

Question 57

Telling a child "Use your inside voice" is an example of good verbal guidance.

Question 58

"You're excited about going outside. I'm worried that when you push you could get hurt. Either stand quietly in line or I will help you."

Question 59

Internalization is achieved only when knowledge, feelings, and standards of conduct become part of a child's decision-making process.

Question 60

List the four questions adults should ask themselves before intervening to change children's behavior.

Question 61

Describe each of the four discipline styles presented in your textbook in terms of both adult behavior and outcomes for children.

Question 62

Name the four "Rs" of a complete personal message and define each.

Question 63

Write out a rule that you would have for children in an educational setting. Justify this rule using the criteria presented in Chapter 10 in the text.

Question 64

Describe how the child's temperament might influence your approach to rule setting.

Question 65

What are the differences in the types of reasons that make the most sense to younger and older children? How are these differences related to children's reasoning?

Question 66

Define the term "modeling" and describe the factors that contribute to effective modeling.

Question 67

How does the first step of a personal message enhance adult communication with children? List at least four specific ways in which this occurs.

Question 68

What are the benefits that result when adults talk to children about their own (the adult's) emotions?

Question 69

Discuss four developmental processes that influence children's acquisition of self-regulation.