Deck 17: Aging: a Vital Process

Question 1

Regular physical activity can fend off sarcopenia.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Life expectancy is calculated by averaging the ages of death of a group of people over a certain period.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Beginning menopause before age 45 is a risk factor for developing osteoporosis.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Men who commit suicide are more likely to have had a physical illness and be widowed or divorced.

Question 5

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 75.

Question 6

Hearing loss is an uncommon physical change in older adults.

Question 7

Nearly 100% of all people over 65 have some form of arthritis.

Question 8

The physiological changes in organ systems are caused by a combination of gradual aging and disease.

Question 9

The risk of osteoporosis can be assessed through bone mineral density testing.

Question 10

Exercise may prevent age-associated deterioration of fluid intelligence.

Question 11

Age-related macular degeneration is an acute vision problem that eventually goes away.

Question 12

Regular exercise has been found to lower an aging person's susceptibility to depression.

Question 13

For successful aging, people need to develop good health habits in their early thirties.

Question 14

Aging is the normal process of change throughout life.

Question 15

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible form of dementia.

Question 16

The aging process occurs during the last half of life.

Question 17

Many of the negative physical changes typically associated with aging are not due to aging at all; rather, they are due to neglect of psychological health and lack of exercise.

Question 18

Preventive medicine is as important for the elderly as it is for the rest of the population and may reduce medical costs.

Question 19

Changes in body structure that result from the passage of time are called _______________ aging.

A) sociological
B) psychological
C) biological
D) chronological

Question 20

Repeatedly telling stories of the past is a classic sign of dementia.

Question 21

All the following are signs of potential alcohol or drug dependence in older adults, EXCEPT

A) depression
B) unexplained falls
C) malnutrition
D) premature balding

Question 22

The slow disintegration of the tissue at the centre of the retina is known as

A) glaucoma.
B) cataracts.
C) macular degeneration.
D) presbyopia.

Question 23

Which of the following is most characteristic of retirement?

A) meeting deadlines
B) trying to find enough leisure time
C) needing to learn how to enjoy leisure time
D) seeking competition

Question 24

Juan is in his late teens. To help him with the aging process, he should

A) assess his financial status.
B) re-evaluate his health insurance plans.
C) establish good health habits.
D) develop important relationships.

Question 25

Fluid intelligence is the ability to

A) move easily from situation to situation.
B) maintain short-term memory.
C) find solutions when confronted with a new problem.
D) memorize information and repeat it later.

Question 26

All the following are TRUE about older adults, EXCEPT they

A) tend to have lower blood pressure.
B) are more susceptible to foodborne illness.
C) have less ability to metabolize alcohol.
D) should be regularly tested for glaucoma.

Question 27

Joelene exercises on a regular basis. She can expect all the following to happen, EXCEPT

A) weight management.
B) maintenance of flexibility.
C) protection against heart attack.
D) increased susceptibility to depression.

Question 28

A better arrangement than losing the productivity of people at retirement includes all the following, EXCEPT

A) setting a mandatory retirement age.
B) providing volunteer and paid employment for retirees.
C) offering retraining programs for occupational and leisure time activities for retirees.
D) providing community-sponsored classes for retirees.

Question 29

Jane is 32. At this stage in her life, which one of the following will help her with the aging process? She should

A) assess her financial status.
B) re-evaluate health insurance plans.
C) establish good health habits.
D) develop important relationships.

Question 30

Individuals in their forties should undertake which one of the following to help them with the aging process? They should

A) develop important relationships.
B) re-evaluate their health insurance plans.
C) establish good health habits.
D) assess their financial status.

Question 31

Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function is called

A) osteoporosis.
B) glaucoma.
C) sarcopenia.
D) arthritis.

Question 32

A disease in which the fluid inside the eye is under abnormally high pressure and can lead to blindness is

A) glaucoma.
B) cataracts.
C) conjunctivitis.
D) presbyopia.

Question 33

Studies of healthy people indicate that functioning of the human body remains essentially constant until

A) after age 70.
B) after age 60.
C) after age 50.
D) age 40.

Question 34

Which of the following steps should individuals undertake in their fifties to help them with the aging process? They should

A) re-evaluate their health insurance plans.
B) establish good health habits.
C) develop important relationships.
D) assess their financial status.

Question 35

Regular physical exercise contributes to healthy aging by enhancing all the following, EXCEPT

A) lung capacity.
B) hearing ability.
C) fluid intelligence.
D) immune functioning.

Question 36

Rapid decision-making and problem-solving ability is most accurately called

A) fluid intelligence.
B) common sense.
C) solid intelligence.
D) critical thinking.

Question 37

To reduce stress in your life as you age, it is a good idea to do all the following, EXCEPT

A) consider an illness as a message to re-evaluate your lifestyle.
B) obtain adequate sleep throughout life.
C) practice relaxation techniques regularly.
D) encourage participation in stressful situations to test your reserve.

Question 38

Cigarette smoking is linked to all the following, EXCEPT

A) osteoporosis.
B) skin wrinkling.
C) muscle atrophy.
D) premature balding.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular physical activity?

A) prevention against osteoporosis
B) increased bone fractures caused by increased bone mass
C) increased effectiveness of the immune system
D) maintenance of flexibility and balance

Question 40

The gradual decline in the ability to focus on nearby objects that occurs as people age is called

A) cataracts.
B) presbyopia.
C) macular degeneration.
D) glaucoma.

Question 41

Typical symptoms of unresolved grief include all the following, EXCEPT

A) hostility toward those connected with the death.
B) talking about the death as if it were "just yesterday."
C) unrealistic behaviour (for example, giving away all of one's belongings).
D) manic behaviour.

Question 42

It often takes _____________ or more to resolve the grief associated with losing a loved one.

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 1-2 years
D) 3 years

Question 43

Denise is 52 years old and beginning menopause. Which of the following would NOT be a symptom of her condition?

A) hot flashes
B) irregular periods
C) vaginal dryness
D) constantly feeling cold

Question 44

The medical term for severe deterioration of mental functioning resulting from a brain disorder is

A) dementia.
B) senility.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) AMD.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of arthritis?

A) tenderness
B) early morning stiffness
C) late evening stiffness
D) swelling

Question 46

Which of the following is a good lifelong strategy for reducing the effects of osteoporosis?

A) Avoid alcohol use.
B) Avoid exercise.
C) Avoid tobacco use.
D) Avoid overexposure to the sun.

Question 47

Which of the following is an early indicator of dementia?

A) failure to grasp a situation
B) forgetting conversations
C) forgetting events of the day
D) forgetting how to perform simple tasks

Question 48

A clouding of the lens in the eye that is a result from oxidation damage is called

A) cataracts.
B) glaucoma.
C) age-related macular degeneration.
D) presbyopia.

Question 49

Life expectancy of Canadian women is _____ years.

A) 68
B) 73
C) 80
D) 84

Question 50

To protect your hearing, you should avoid exposure to noises above _____________ decibels.

A) 75
B) 90
C) 100
D) 125

Question 51

Causes of reversible dementia include all the following, EXCEPT

A) depression.
B) vitamin B-12 deficiency.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) alcoholism.

Question 52

Which of the following groups has the highest rate of suicide?

A) males aged 16-25
B) females aged 16-25
C) males aged 45-59
D) females aged 80 and over

Question 53

Which of the following medications can have a negative impact on bone mass?

A) corticosteroids
B) aspirin
C) Prozac
D) Fosamax

Question 54

The most serious potential consequence of menopause is

A) memory loss.
B) joint discomfort.
C) bone fractures.
D) tooth decay.

Question 55

Which of the following methods is the ONLY certain way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?

A) blood tests
B) MRI
C) autopsy
D) CT scan

Question 56

The first symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are

A) forgetfulness and inability to concentrate.
B) confusion or disorientation.
C) aggressive behaviour and depression.
D) change in personality and hallucinations.

Question 57

Life expectancy of Canadian men is _____ years.

A) 68
B) 73
C) 80
D) 84

Question 58

The type of arthritis that typically affects the hands and weight-bearing joints of the knees, ankles, and hips is

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) lupus.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) muscular arthritis.

Question 59

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all the following, EXCEPT

A) breakdown of the system that produced acetylcholine.
B) destruction of brain tissue from small strokes.
C) formation of tangles in affected neurons.
D) formation of amyloid plaques between neurons.

Question 60

Symptoms related to menopause may include

A) increased sexual desire.
B) excessive energy.
C) mood swings.
D) intellectual deterioration.

Question 61

An individual who studies phenomena associated with the aging process is a(n)

A) gerontologist.
B) geriatrician.
C) ageologist.
D) oncologist.

Question 62

All the following are TRUE about older people and the environment, EXCEPT

A) environmental factors can be a special concern for elderly people with diabetes.
B) even brief exposure to pollution can cause hospitalization for older people with breathing-related conditions.
C) environmental conditions that are difficult for young people can be especially tough on the elderly.
D) indoor air quality isn't a concern for older people.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding life expectancy?

A) Women live longer than men do.
B) Lifestyle factors are a primary reason behind gender differences in life expectancy.
C) Life expectancy is not projected to increase in the future.
D) People who reach age 65 can expect to live another 19 or more years.

Question 64

Failure to achieve a maximum potential lifespan results from all the following, EXCEPT

A) destructive environmental factors.
B) retirement.
C) destructive behavioural factors.
D) physical inactivity.

Question 65

Which of the following factors NOT contributed to Canada's aging population?

A) longer life expectancy
B) low fertility rates
C) effects of baby boomer generation
D) shorter life expectancy

Question 66

Canadian men who reach their sixty-fifth birthday can expect to live __________ or more years longer.

A) 19
B) 11
C) 22
D) 5

Question 67

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding older people?

A) Older people have incomes about the same as younger people.
B) Older women are more likely to live in poverty than older men are.
C) Older people living alone are much more likely to be poor than those who live with families.
D) The proportion of people age 65 and older in the Canadian population is expected to rise.

Question 68

Women live longer for all the following reasons, EXCEPT

A) estrogen protects women from early heart disease.
B) women have lower rates of stress-related illnesses.
C) women are less likely to be poor in their older years.
D) they participate less in the risky behaviours that lead to unintentional injuries.

Question 69

The period of life when one is generally healthy and free from chronic or serious disease is called

A) health expectancy span.
B) lifespan.
C) health span.
D) morbidity span.

Question 70

Increases in life expectancy in Canada during the twentieth century were due primarily to

A) the control of childhood and infectious diseases.
B) the defeat of chronic illness.
C) the fitness boom.
D) increased use of vitamin supplements.

Question 71

The average length of life of members of a species is called

A) lifespan.
B) life expectancy.
C) life cycle.
D) lifetime.

Question 72

Canadian women who reach their sixty-fifth birthday can expect to live __________ or more years longer.

A) 19
B) 11
C) 22
D) 5

Question 73

Although few people reach this age, the upper end of the human lifespan is about ____ years.

A) 105
B) 110
C) 115
D) 120

Question 74

What percentage of older Canadians have arthritis?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50

Question 75

Lifespan is approximately _____ percent heritable.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 76

All the following statements are FALSE regarding caregiving, EXCEPT

A) Most families abandon their aging relatives because they cannot provide adequate care.
B) Studies show a grown son will assume a role of caregiving for his elderly relative.
C) Recent studies indicate the average woman will spend about 18 years caring for an aging relative.
D) Caregiving can be rewarding but it is also hard work.

Question 77

A monthly benefit available to Canadians 65 years of age who have lived in Canada for at least 10 years is:

A) OAS pension.
B) HST credit.
C) OAT pension.
D) GST credit.

Question 78

Differences in life expectancy between males and females are due to all the following, EXCEPT rates of

A) injury.
B) exercise.
C) alcohol use.
D) tobacco use.

Question 79

In 2017, approximately how many men and women were widows in Canada?

A) 500,000
B) 1.1 million
C) 1.9 million
D) 2.6 million

Question 80

A physician specializing in the diseases, disabilities, and care of older adults is a(n)

A) gerontologist.
B) geriatrician.
C) ageologist.
D) oncologist.