Deck 14: Drug Use and Addiction

Question 1

Once a psychoactive drug enters the brain, it acts on one or more neurotransmitters.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Drug abuse is the same as drug dependence.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The psychological or physical dependence on a substance, but without the level of compulsion or increasing need, is known as addiction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

To be considered dependent, a person must experience a cluster of identified symptoms for at least a one-month period.

Question 5

Expressing a persistent desire to cut down or regulate substance use is a symptom of substance dependence.

Question 6

The setting in which a person uses drugs is classified as a user factor.

Question 7

Alcohol and nicotine are two of the least widely used psychoactive drugs.

Question 8

Opioids tend to induce euphoria and stimulate activity, including increased responsiveness to sexual stimulation.

Question 9

The placebo effect is related to user expectations.

Question 10

Under the influence of CNS stimulants, heart rate and blood pressure are decreased.

Question 11

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) no longer includes the substance abuse and substance dependence categories.

Question 12

An addiction often starts when a person does something that he or she thinks will be pleasurable.

Question 13

The risk of using drugs is higher for people who come from a single-parent family.

Question 14

Increasing Internet access exposes more people to potentially addictive behaviours.

Question 15

Males are generally twice as likely as females are to use drugs.

Question 16

Opium and morphine are examples of hallucinogenic drugs.

Question 17

Addictive behaviours are physically and/or psychologically reinforcing.

Question 18

Swallowing a drug will produce a stronger effect than injecting the same drug intravenously.

Question 19

When a person develops a tolerance to a substance, he or she no longer needs an increasing amount of the substance.

Question 20

Drug addiction is defined by three important characteristics: compulsive desire, need to increase, and harmful effects to the individual.

Question 21

A shy person who drinks several alcoholic beverages at a party and becomes very loud and social is experiencing the effects of

A) abuse.
B) tolerance.
C) dependence.
D) intoxication.

Question 22

Which characteristic of addictive behaviour is when an individual needs more and more of a substance?

A) reinforcement
B) compulsion
C) loss of control
D) escalation

Question 23

Which of the following traits is NOT part of the APA's definition of substance use disorder?

A) tolerance
B) withdrawal
C) repeated use despite social or interpersonal problems
D) spending a small amount of time obtaining the substance

Question 24

Ephedrine is a safe, over-the-counter medication effective for weight loss.

Question 25

Mike only thinks about how to get "high," and when he is coming off his "high" he begins to think about when he is going to get "high" again. Which type of addictive behaviour is he exhibiting?

A) reinforcement
B) compulsion
C) loss of control
D) negative consequences

Question 26

A behaviour that continues despite serious loss of relationships or problems with job and academic performance is referred to as

A) compulsion.
B) loss of control.
C) escalation.
D) negative consequences.

Question 27

All the following are characteristics associated with addictive behaviour, EXCEPT

A) reinforcement.
B) compulsion or craving.
C) improved control.
D) negative consequences.

Question 28

What percentage of Canadian adults are affected by moderate-risk or problem gambling?

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 8%

Question 29

The best definition of a psychoactive drug is a drug that it

A) increases the rate of physiological functions.
B) alters a person's experiences or consciousness.
C) is obtained only with a prescription.
D) relieves pain and causes relaxation.

Question 30

The contemporary term for what was formerly called addiction is now referred to as

A) intoxication.
B) dependence.
C) abuse.
D) misuse.

Question 31

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant.

Question 32

Steven would spend only 1 hour in the gym 3 times a week, but recently he has been spending 3 hours a day, 7 days a week working out. He has noticed that his back is chronically hurting. Once Steven has stopped his workout, he starts thinking about what he did not accomplish. This is an example of what type of behaviour?

A) habit
B) addictive behaviour
C) impulse control
D) tolerance

Question 33

According to the American Psychiatric Association, all the following are characteristic behaviours of gambling disorder, EXCEPT

A) unsuccessful efforts to cut back or quit gambling
B) gambling at least once per month on average
C) preoccupation with gambling
D) using gambling to escape problems

Question 34

Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychoactive drug?

A) caffeine
B) alcohol
C) aspirin
D) codeine

Question 35

For a diagnosis of moderate substance use disorder, an individual must demonstrate _____ of 11 symptoms.

A) 2-3
B) 3-4
C) 4-5
D) 5-6

Question 36

Tom notices that he must take a larger dose of a drug to achieve the same "high." This condition he is experiencing is known as

A) loss of control.
B) tolerance.
C) drug abuse.
D) compulsion.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about addiction is FALSE?

A) Research suggests that addiction is caused by a single factor.
B) Addictive behaviours share many common characteristics.
C) Most people engage in activities that are potentially addictive.
D) Addiction often starts when a person does something he or she thinks will bring pleasure or help avoid pain.

Question 38

Mike was a second-year college student when he began using drugs, which put him in the riskiest age group for drug use.

Question 39

All of the following are characteristics of a work-addicted individual, EXCEPT?

A) an individual who works 7 days a week
B) an individual who will work 16 + hours a day
C) an individual who will work even on vacation
D) an individual who always books his/her vacation time

Question 40

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding substance abuse?

A) It is recurrent drug use that results in failure to fulfill major responsibilities.
B) It is recurrent drug use that does not produce a situation that is physically hazardous.
C) It is recurrent drug use that results in drug-related legal problems.
D) It is continued drug use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems.

Question 41

Which of the following individuals would NOT be considered as having a higher-than-average risk for drug use?

A) an adolescent who is aggressive or impulsive
B) a teenager who drives too fast
C) an adolescent who has poor self-esteem and lacks control
D) an adolescent who works hard at school

Question 42

Lindsey has a drug dependence. As a result, she is at risk for all the following, EXCEPT

A) being involved in an automobile accident.
B) engaging in unsafe sex.
C) involvement with incidences of aggression and violence.
D) spending small amounts of money obtaining the drug.

Question 43

John, who is 14 years old, is somewhat small for his age and is often teased by his peers. He has recently become involved with a new peer group that is known to use alcohol and marijuana. What factor has probably had the most influence on John's decision to become involved with drugs?

A) rebellion
B) peer acceptance
C) experimentation
D) allure of excitement

Question 44

A psychological risk factor for drug dependence is

A) fetal exposure.
B) sibling drug abuse.
C) parent drug abuse.
D) difficulty controlling impulses.

Question 45

The effects of a drug depend on all the following, EXCEPT

A) the properties of the drug.
B) the physical characteristics of the user.
C) the cost of the drug.
D) psychological factors.

Question 46

When Kristen began to smoke, she only had 3-5 cigarettes per day. Now, for her to feel in control during the day, she must smoke 18 cigarettes. What is she experiencing?

A) substance abuse
B) substance dependence
C) tolerance
D) withdrawal

Question 47

For a diagnosis of mild substance use disorder, an individual must demonstrate _____ of 11 symptoms.

A) 2-3
B) 3-4
C) 4-5
D) 5-6

Question 48

Which method of taking a drug will reach the brain in the LEAST time?

A) taken by mouth
B) injected directly into the bloodstream
C) inhaled through the nose
D) absorbed through the skin

Question 49

When Tomas does not drink alcohol, he experiences tremors and shaking. He is experiencing

A) tolerance.
B) dependence.
C) adjustment.
D) withdrawal.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for drug use?

A) being male
B) not graduating from high school
C) having a high-risk personality
D) being an independent thinker

Question 51

All the following activities may become addictive behaviours, EXCEPT

A) watching TV
B) playing video games
C) eating
D) reading

Question 52

Which of the following drug factors is the relationship between the amount of drug taken and the type and intensity of the resulting effect?

A) pharmacological properties
B) dose-response function
C) method of use
D) route of administration

Question 53

For a diagnosis of severe substance use disorder, an individual must demonstrate _____ of 11 symptoms

A) 2-3
B) 5-6
C) 7-9
D) 5-11

Question 54

Which of the following behaviours is NOT characteristic of drug dependency?

A) having no plan to acquire substance
B) taking larger amounts of a substance
C) changing one's lifestyle to accommodate drug use
D) continuing to use the substance despite recognition that its use is a problem

Question 55

The risk associated with drug use and pregnancy are greatest for women

A) prior to conception.
B) during the first trimester.
C) during the second trimester.
D) during the third trimester.

Question 56

Injecting drugs increases the user's risk of all the following, EXCEPT

A) gangrene.
B) herpes.
C) HIV infection.
D) hepatitis C

Question 57

Psychoactive drugs change mood or behaviour by acting on

A) the heart.
B) the liver.
C) the spinal cord.
D) brain chemistry.

Question 58

All the following are factors that determine how a person will respond to a drug, EXCEPT

A) general health
B) body mass
C) genetics
D) attitude

Question 59

The time-action function is the relationship between

A) a drug and a person's body chemistry.
B) a person's drug use and the effect of the drug.
C) when a drug is taken and the intensity of its effect.
D) how a drug is taken and how strong a response it produces.

Question 60

A key characteristic of drug dependence is experiencing

A) withdrawal.
B) anxiety.
C) stability.
D) coping.

Question 61

A stimulant

A) increases blood pressure.
B) dilates blood vessels.
C) decreases gastric secretions.
D) constricts the bronchial tubes.

Question 62

A slang term used to describe barbiturates is

A) snow.
B) downers.
C) horse.
D) ice.

Question 63

The typical primary effects of central nervous system depressants include all the following, EXCEPT

A) sedation.
B) euphoria.
C) drowsiness.
D) reduced coordination.

Question 64

All the following are depressants, EXCEPT

A) GHB.
B) Quaalude.
C) Xanax.
D) Methedrine.

Question 65

In terms of drug use, setting means the

A) user's expectations.
B) placebo effect.
C) overall effects of the drug.
D) social environment.

Question 66

Which of the following drugs is an opioid?

A) codeine
B) peyote
C) mescaline
D) psilocybin

Question 67

If Megan were to take an opioid, what method of administration would she typically avoid?

A) injection
B) snorting
C) smoking
D) swallowing

Question 68

Narcotics is another term for

A) opioids.
B) psychedelics.
C) stimulants.
D) deliriants.

Question 69

The _________ is the physical and social environment surrounding an individual's drug use.

A) mode
B) setting
C) effect
D) mood

Question 70

Bill has just taken ephedrine. He can expect all the following, EXCEPT

A) an increase in heart rate.
B) an increase in blood pressure.
C) a constriction in blood vessels.
D) difficulty breathing.

Question 71

Barbiturates are used medicinally for all the following, EXCEPT

A) to treat insomnia.
B) as a sedative prior to surgery.
C) to treat anxiety.
D) to treat psychosis.

Question 72

Jane frequently goes to dance clubs and raves with her friends. Which CNS depressant is often associated with these environments?

A) Valium
B) Rohypnol
C) Seconal
D) Nembutal

Question 73

Which of the following methods of use produces the slowest or weakest effects from a drug?

A) mainlining
B) injecting
C) smoking
D) swallowing

Question 74

Antianxiety agents are also known as

A) tranquilizers.
B) stimulants.
C) opioids.
D) psychedelics.

Question 75

Having a response to an inert substance given in place of an active drug is called

A) paranoia.
B) the placebo effect.
C) the set effect.
D) delusion.

Question 76

Which of the following drugs is NOT an opioid?

A) oxycodone
B) codeine
C) morphine
D) gamma hydroxybutyrate

Question 77

Cocaine is derived from

A) the opium poppy.
B) the hemp plant.
C) mushrooms.
D) the coca plant.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a CNS stimulant?

A) cocaine
B) nicotine
C) caffeine
D) alcohol

Question 79

Central nervous system depressants are also known as

A) hallucinogens.
B) narcotics.
C) deliriants.
D) sedative-hypnotics.

Question 80

CNS depressants are used for their calming properties before an operation. What are they combined with prior to surgery to obtain that calming reaction?

A) anesthetic
B) stimulant
C) tranquillizer
D) antiseptic