Deck 30: Toward the Pacific Century

Question 1

Which statement about the role of women in India today is FALSE?

A) Female children are less likely to be educated than are their male counterparts.
B) There is a more positive attitude toward female education and employment.
C) Gender relationships in urban India have been affected by the consequences of independence.
D) Traditional domestic behavior is still an accepted part of Indian female deportment.
E) Rural Indian women often have greater advantages than urban women.

Answer 1

Rural Indian women often have greater advantages than urban women.

Question 2

Pakistan's early history

A) was unexpectedly smooth, as industrial production rose by ninety-three percent and the country became agriculturally self-sufficient.
B) was marked by deep internal struggles over language, religious, and regional issues.
C) produced a Constitution in 1956 with a Western-style parliamentary system.
D) saw unexpectedly peaceful relations develop between it and India.
E) saw Pakistan become a secular society.

Answer 2

was marked by deep internal struggles over language, religious, and regional issues.

Question 3

All of the following are correct about Pakistan since September 11, 2001, except

A) much of the local population supported the Taliban, which had been driven from Afghanistan.
B) President Musharaff gave support to the anti-terrorist campaign.
C) Benazir Bhutto was elected president in 2008.
D) there were renewed tensions with India over Kashmir.
E) by 2008, many observers expressed concern that Pakistan might disintegrate as a country into squabbling ethnic blocs.

Answer 3

Benazir Bhutto was elected president in 2008.

Question 4

According to the textbook, rural Indian people today seem to hold onto traditional beliefs about ____, which are inconsistent with its capitalist and democratic systems.

A) the free market
B) money
C) industrialization
D) the sati
E) caste

Question 5

The controversial Indian writer who uses the technique of magical realism and who has angered Muslims, is

A) Anita Desai.
B) Salmon Rushdie.
C) R.K. Narayan.
D) V.S. Naipaul.
E) E.M. Forster.

Question 6

The regional organization initially formed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines, is known as

A) TIPAM.
B) ASEAN.
C) SEATO.
D) NATO.
E) CENTO.

Question 7

The new Indian government in 1947

A) was based on that of the Soviet Union.
B) had a powerful president, as Nehru was an admirer of the United States constitution.
C) was based on the British system, with a figurehead president and a parliamentary form.
D) barred only two groups, Sikhs and harijans, from voting.
E) allowed for only one political party, the Congress Party.

Question 8

President Sukarno of Indonesia

A) was actually from Sri Lanka and arrived in the Dutch East Indies only in 1941.
B) was a boring speaker, but was supported because of fear of his konfrontasi gangs.
C) used economic aid from China and the Soviet Union to counter Western influence, and used domestic Indonesian Communists to counter domestic Muslim opponents.
D) was pro-Western in both his domestic and foreign policies.
E) was radically pro-Muslim.

Question 9

Indira Gandhi

A) developed a policy of forced sterilization to try to cut population growth.
B) abandoned her father's activist policies to aid the poor.
C) used troops to attack and secure the Hindu Golden Temple in Agra.
D) was assassinated by her Buddhist bodyguards.
E) was the daughter of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 10

Pakistanis known as ____ are tribal and nomadic, and often have family in Afghanistan.

A) Kurds
B) Baluchis
C) Pushtuns
D) Punjabis
E) Kashmirs

Question 11

What best characterizes the nature of Indian society today?

A) India, unlike China, has rejected its cultural traditions and adopted those of the West.
B) The majority of India's population is part of a large and growing middle class.
C) India's economy is a perfect model of the modern, successful socialist state.
D) India today is a nation of contrasts, with a majority of its population living in poverty.
E) Rural and urban poverty in India is rapidly becoming the norm for the first time in Indian history.

Question 12

Who was the first prime minister of India after its independence from Great Britain?

A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Muhammed Ali Jinnah
D) Indira Gandhi
E) Moraji Desai

Question 13

What is true of Kashmir?

A) Its population is primarily Hindu.
B) Its population is primarily Christian.
C) It is mostly controlled by India.
D) It has been a buffer against violence between India and Pakistan.
E) It is a coastal region.

Question 14

What happened in India after the death of Nehru?

A) His successor, Rajiv Gandhi, launched a strong and cohesive platform.
B) Indira Gandhi retreated from the bold economic and social program of her father.
C) Cold War politics led to the tensions that provoked Sikhs to assassinate Indira Gandhi.
D) Rajiv Gandhi weakened the socialist programs of his mother and grandfather.
E) Nehru's successors implemented a true Marxist program.

Question 15

The apparent motivation for the assassination of Gandhi was that Gandhi

A) was discovered to be a secret Sikh.
B) favored Indian partition.
C) didn't want to see the Muslims get what they wanted.
D) was against creating only a Hindu India.
E) was staunchly anti-Hindu.

Question 16

In the 1950s, India

A) took a neutral, third-world position in the Cold War.
B) opposed United States "hegemonism" in the Philippines and Manchuria.
C) took the side of the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
D) opposed Chinese independence.
E) rejected the Marxist policies begun by Nehru.

Question 17

In 1971, East Pakistan became the new independent nation of

A) Myanmar.
B) Sri Lanka.
C) Belize.
D) Bangladesh.
E) Kampuchea.

Question 18

Following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

A) Kashmir was ceded to Pakistan.
B) the Congress Party began to increase its political hold over the Indian people.
C) the Indian economy showed its first signs of a slowdown since 1950.
D) the Bharata Janata Party began to directly challenge the Congress Party for power.
E) relations between Hindus and Muslims improved rapidly.

Question 19

The conflict that developed between East and West Pakistan, and eventually led to the establishment of the state of Bangladesh, was caused by

A) competition over internal development of the nation's natural resources.
B) ethnic differences.
C) many years of international warfare between the two regions.
D) the demand of the people of East Pakistan to establish an independent Marxist state.
E) resentment in East Pakistan that the government ignored their needs.

Question 20

In the aftermath of independence, India's greatest economic weakness was in

A) consumer products.
B) industrial production.
C) agriculture.
D) a declining birthrate.
E) too much Western investment.

Question 21

Due to Cold War fears, the United States

A) urged Japan to develop an army of twenty divisions after the outbreak of the Korean War.
B) acquiesced when the Japanese government established an organized labor movement.
C) established large military bases in China and Singapore in the late 1960s.
D) backed away from its policy of breaking up the zaibatsu.
E) urged the Japanese navy to patrol the Formosa Straits.

Question 22

The keiretsu are

A) large companies that maintain relationships in a more informal manner than the zaibatsu.
B) systems of totally independent corporate entities.
C) newly-reconstituted, formalized cartel arrangements.
D) Meiji-oriented systems of corporate dependencies.
E) monopoly arrangements.

Question 23

What is true about Japan today?

A) Japanese worker loyalty toward employers is as strong as ever.
B) Japan's gross national product is larger than that of the United States.
C) Japan is the leading importing nation in the world.
D) the Japanese overall per capita standard of living equals or exceeds those of most Western nations.
E) Japan's gross national product has fallen behind that of Taiwan and of Korea.

Question 24

Immediately after World War II, General MacArthur's responsibilities included the demilitarization of Japanese society and the

A) elimination of the Japanese emperor.
B) trial of American officials charged with war crimes.
C) lying of the foundations of postwar Philippines society.
D) supervision of the creation of demilitarization efforts and the breakup of the zaibatsu.
E) the rearmament of Japan but under American leadership.

Question 25

The major dichotomy in Southeast Asia is the contrast between

A) men and women.
B) Chinese and Burmese.
C) villages and cities.
D) mountains and lowlands.
E) coastal and inland regions.

Question 26

The first leaders of the People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, respectively, were

A) Achmed Sokarno and Chou Liu.
B) Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee.
C) Heidekei Tojo and Lee Kuan-yew.
D) Yayha Khan and Pu Yi.
E) Kim Dae Jung and Arturo Shimonoseki.

Question 27

Japanese rap music is

A) identical, in lyrics and ambience, to that in the United States.
B) not as associated with sex, violence, and drugs, as in the United States.
C) indigenous, and has no links with that found in Western culture.
D) mainly concerned with religious themes.
E) appeals mainly to older and traditional Japanese.

Question 28

Which women have claimed that they were forced to serve as prostitutes for Japanese soldiers during past wars?

A) Eta
B) Burakumin
C) Korean
D) dalit
E) Malaysian

Question 29

Women in South and Southeast Asian societies

A) now have the right to divorce their husbands, to inherit and control money, and obtain a free education in every nation except India.
B) in Pakistan and Burma women now hold forty percent of all managerial positions in business.
C) are truly equal to men in India, but nowhere else in the region.
D) have higher status and more rights than women in other parts of Asia.
E) do not have political rights in any nation in the region.

Question 30

The famous Japanese novelist and cult figure Yukio Mishima

A) opposed the "Coca-Colonization" of Japan and the world.
B) ironically, owned and operated two "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchises.
C) wrote about his five-year career as a captive laborer in Laos.
D) always wrote about powerful and successful women.
E) died as a result of AIDS.

Question 31

The treaties signed in September 1951 restored Japanese independence, ended Japanese claims to its former colonies and territories, and

A) permitted the Soviet Union to control Hokkaido.
B) created a defensive alliance between the Soviet Union and Japan.
C) provided the United States with military bases in Japan.
D) ended the entrenched social discrimination of Koreans resident in Japan.
E) established Christianity along with Buddhism and Shintoism as Japan's official religions.

Question 32

The country that suffered a domestic holocaust at the hands of the Khmer Rouge is

A) Thailand.
B) Cambodia.
C) Laos.
D) Burma.
E) Indonesia.

Question 33

The customary "government party" in Japan between the 1950s and 1993 was the

A) People's Action Party.
B) Liberal Democratic Party.
C) Socialist Party.
D) Social Democratic Party.
E) Party of the Republic.

Question 34

Kenzaburo Oe

A) is Japan's greatest living poet.
B) painted the famous "portrait of General MacArthur" in eight minutes on a sidewalk.
C) received a Nobel Prize for literature.
D) believes rising materialism in present-day Japan represents "progress."
E) is the originator of the "industrial novel."

Question 35

What recent development has had some critics questioning whether the Japanese economy is truly "miraculous"?

A) The decline in the value of the yen has produced serious trade imbalances.
B) Japanese women have moved to end widespread employment discrimination.
C) Japan entered a recession in the 1990s from which it has yet to emerge.
D) The job security workers have enjoyed has been mandated by the government, rather than driven by the economy.
E) The Japanese market continues to reject international competition.

Question 36

The countries which attained their independence from Britain in 1948 and from the Netherlands in 1950, respectively, were

A) Malaysia and New Zealand.
B) Pakistan and Myanmar.
C) India and Sri Lanka.
D) Laos and Burma.
E) Burma and Indonesia.

Question 37

During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a great deal of talk that the achievements of Japan and the "little tigers" indicated that the world was about to enter a new historical phase, that of the

A) Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
B) Fifth Reich.
C) Age of the Toyota.
D) Asian Miracle.
E) Midway Millennium.

Question 38

The following are true about the Japanese educational system except

A) the workload for students is heavier than that of the American educational system.
B) it possesses a non-restrictive and individualistically-oriented environment.
C) it demands considerable conformity by the students.
D) it has a relationship to the honor of the family that is directly tied to achievement.
E) it is devoted to success at almost all cost, and sometimes teachers bully their students.

Question 39

The "Japanese Miracle"

A) began with the creation of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1948.
B) had its roots in the initial policy decisions made during the Meiji reform period.
C) refers to the fact that Hokkaido was not damaged by atomic blasts.
D) led to the establishment of a socialist economy.
E) successfully completely abolished all social and gender discrimination.

Question 40

How does the Japanese educational system differ from that of the United States?

A) Students in Japan do more work in class, and far less at home.
B) Students in Japan attend school for 240 days and have much more homework.
C) Japanese teachers are permitted to slap students who misbehave in class.
D) Students feel far less pressure to succeed in Japanese schools than in the U.S.
E) Japanese students are encouraged to reject conformity and confront authority.

Question 41

Unlike the other economies of East Asia, Hong Kong's economic development has taken place in a system employing

A) unrestrained, free-market capitalism.
B) direct state control of the economic sector.
C) Communist Chinese support.
D) massive British foreign aid programs.
E) a socialist economic philosophy.

Question 42

Under the regime of Lee Kuan-yew,

A) an unexpected attempt to foster individualism was made.
B) the concepts of Western democratic pluralism have been encouraged.
C) the Soviet concept of a centralized socialist society has been favored.
D) thrift, hard work, and an obedience to authority were the tenets of state policy.
E) the Chinese population was exiled back to the People's Republic of China.

Question 43

Since Chiang Kai-shek's death,

A) Taiwan's standard of living increased and a pluralistic government emerged.
B) Taiwan has moved much closer to the mainland government.
C) the United States has "suggested" that Taiwan consider uniting with the Philippine Islands.
D) Taiwan has adopted a socialist economy.
E) there are no diplomatic or economic relations between Taiwan and the United States.

Question 44

Which of the following countries in South Asia has had women prime ministers in recent decades?

A) Myanmar
B) Sri Lanka.
C) Belize
D) Bangladesh
E) Kampuchea.

Question 45

India seized most of Kashmir in 1948 because of its largely Hindu population.

Question 46

This country invaded Cambodia in 1978?

A) the Philippines.
B) Malaysia.
C) Vietnam
D) Burma
E) Indonesia

Question 47

One of the primary reasons for the growing economic prominence of East Asia is

A) the importance of the Buddhist religion as a motivating factor.
B) its universal political freedoms.
C) its production of raw materials, which are exported to western factories.
D) the social Darwinian competition between and within the East Asian states.
E) the power of Confucian values.

Question 48

Which of the following happened on July 1, 1997?

A) Mao Zedong died.
B) A military coup brought down the government of Singapore.
C) Australia, New Zealand, and the United States formed a trade compact.
D) Taiwan voted to form an independent republic.
E) Hong Kong returned to mainland authority.

Question 49

Which of the following has NOT been a factor in the development of the Singapore economy?

A) an emphasis on tourism
B) a massive program of public works projects
C) a focus on oil refineries and a well-developed banking center
D) a highly favorable climate for multinational corporations
E) a democratic government

Question 50

______________ instituted a program combining monetary rewards and compulsory sterilization.

A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Muhammed Ali Jinnah
D) Indira Gandhi
E) Anita Desai

Question 51

The "little tiger" that was once a British crown colony, but is now an independent state, is

A) Burma.
B) Singapore.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Taiwan.
E) South Korea.

Question 52

Which Korean term is equivalent to the Japanese term zaibatsu?

A) Cobola
B) Chaebol
C) Migheo
D) Pusana
E) Taegu

Question 53

The social problems that developed within South Korea in the second half of the twentieth century were the result of

A) excessive urbanization and pollution of water and air.
B) a lack of sufficient national economic growth.
C) national achievements in land reform.
D) conflicts between traditional and modern values and.
E) military threats by China.

Question 54

In __________, a fragile democracy has sought to function under the watchful eye of the military, which has generally found it expedient to tolerate national elections and civilian government.

A) Thailand
B) Cambodia.
C) Laos
D) Burma
E) Indonesia.

Question 55

_________ became independent in 1948.

A) Thailand
B) Cambodia.
C) Laos
D) Burma.
E) Indonesia.

Question 56

As an assertion of youthful rebellion and independence, young people in Japan have

A) vandalized school buildings.
B) engaged in anti-homework protests.
C) dyed their hair blue.
D) dyed their hair brown.
E) started drinking beer.

Question 57

Indira Gandhi, daughter of Mahatma Gandhi, continued her famous father's work to democratize and urbanize India.

Question 58

According to the agreement between Great Britain and the People's Republic of China

A) the British were to leave in 1997, regardless of the welfare of the Hong Kong population.
B) the Chinese agreed to permit a half-century of largely self-governing capitalism in Hong Kong, after British rule ended.
C) the true nature of Hong Kong autonomy after the British left was not discussed.
D) the People's Republican Government ended Hong Kong's capitalist system.
E) Hong Kong was recognized as an independent nation by the People's Republic of China.

Question 59

After a 1954 security treaty with the U.S., the Taiwanese government

A) banned immigration by non-Westerners.
B) sent military operatives to the U.S. for training.
C) adopted a tough anti-China stance.
D) made nation-building its main focus, including land and other reforms.
E) implemented policies to broaden trade with the U.S.

Question 60

In general, women in Japan

A) hope to be aided by the feminist movement.
B) tend to work in retail or service jobs, if they are in the workplace.
C) are increasingly entering the ranks of management.
D) believe the era of sexual inequality is behind them.

Question 61

In contrast to the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China/Taiwan abandoned its Confucian heritage, thus becoming one of the most prosperous states in Asia.

Question 62

It can be argued that the economic accomplishments of many of the nations of the western Pacific have come at a high price, in the form of political authoritarianism and the lack of commitment to human rights.

Question 63

A major problem in Japan today is the rapidly increasing birthrate and the fear that in the near future there will be insufficient schools and employment possibilities.

Question 64

Geographically, Australia and New Zealand are part of Asia.

Question 65

Women in Japan comprise almost half of the workforce.

Question 66

Japan has the highest proportion of people over 65 of any industrialized country

Question 67

Southeast Asia's most infamous holocaust occurred in Vietnam after the fall of Saigon in 1975

Question 68

The new educational system implemented in Japan after World War II eliminated filial piety and patriotism.

Question 69

The Muslim League's Mohammed Ali Jinnah warned of "an orgy of blood" if India was divided into two separate states.

Question 70

One of the world's tallest buildings in Malaysia, the Petronas Towers, was built over the site of a British cricket club.

Question 71

In the formation of the two regions of Pakistan in 1947, the Western Punjab region is made up of marshy deltas from the Ganges.

Question 72

Until 1990, Lee Kuan-yew and his People's Action Party dominated Singapore politics.

Question 73

The "Little Tigers" all attempt to follow the Japanese economic model.

Question 74

Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1984.

Question 75

The Japanese government has been criticized at home and abroad for not accepting responsibility and for not apologizing for atrocities committed during World War II.