Deck 21: The High Tide of Imperialism

Question 1

Though originally a lucrative target for the new imperialists, by the end of the nineteenth century this country was actively seeking colonies of its own.

A) Ethiopia.
B) Afghanistan.
C) Japan.
D) Kenya.
E) Persia

Answer 1

Japan.

Question 2

In the nineteenth century, European nations exploited areas of Asia and Africa for the following EXCEPT

A) raw materials, which could be used in European factories.
B) markets these regions provided for European manufactured goods.
C) opportunities that exploitation presented for European cultural expansion.
D) manufactured goods to be sent from Asia to Europe.
E) possible fields for missionary activities.

Answer 2

manufactured goods to be sent from Asia to Europe.

Question 3

Among the first British colonies in West Africa was

A) Libya.
B) Gold Coast.
C) Senegal.
D) Liberia.
E) Zanzibar.

Answer 3

Gold Coast.

Question 4

Who described colonialism as a redistribution of wealth that would result in a better life for the colonizers and those they colonized?

A) Laurent Valère
B) Eduard Douwes Dekker
C) the East India Company
D) David Livingstone
E) Albert Sarraut

Question 5

Whose last will and testament left a massive estate to be used to create a worldwide British Empire?

A) Albert Sarraut
B) Cecil Rhodes
C) Muhammad Ali Jinna
D) David Livingstone
E) Paul Kruger

Question 6

In the nineteenth century, imperialism

A) motivated Russia to seize Afghanistan and Burma in the 1860s.
B) was motivated by a desire to control markets as well as raw materials.
C) was denounced by all major European powers until 1874.
D) was notable for Britain's advocacy of its practice of assimilation.
E) was confined, in practice, to East Asia and western South America.

Question 7

One of the worst incidents of the Middle Passage happened at

A) the ports of Liberia.
B) Barbados.
C) Taino.
D) Caffard Cove.
E) the Bahamas.

Question 8

Within the context of Western economic expansion into the regions of Africa and Asia during the nineteenth century, the term imperialism means the forceful appropriation of all except

A) people to buy manufactured goods.
B) low-priced raw materials with which to manufacture goods.
C) advantageous opportunities in which to make highly profitable financial investments.
D) African and Asia cultural norms to take the place of traditional European ones.
E) areas for investments in European-based construction companies.

Question 9

"New" products that European nations sought to obtain from colonies in Africa and Asia in the nineteenth century included

A) gold and silver.
B) cloves and pepper.
C) oil, tin and rubber.
D) tea, silk, and porcelain.
E) ivory and rayon.

Question 10

What was the general idea of Thomas Babington Macaulay's educational policy for Britain's Indian subjects?

A) We should produce a class that is Indian in blood and color but English in taste and intellect.
B) If you lift up the poor, they become better manual laborers.
C) Do not try to educate poor Indians, for it is an impossible task.
D) Education beyond the basics will serve to incite rebellion.
E) We need English-educated Indian soldiers to help us fight insurrection in Africa.

Question 11

Thailand's ability to escape imperialism was the result of

A) a concerted strategy of political and economic reform.
B) being the only predominantly Christian country in its region.
C) being used as a buffer state between other colonial territories.
D) a long tradition of fierce resistance to outside threats.
E) its remote location and mountainous terrain.

Question 12

The individual who said that "My ruling purpose is the extension of the British empire throughout the world" was

A) Queen Victoria.
B) General Gordon
C) David Livingstone.
D) Cecil Rhodes
E) Rudyard Kipling.

Question 13

Who asserted that British colonialism had a moral purpose to promote Christianity and build a better world?

A) John A. Hobson
B) Edmund Morel
C) Charles Gordon
D) Henry Curzon
E) Jules Ferry

Question 14

Which statement about nineteenth-century Western expansion in Southeast Asia is FALSE?

A) The British established their control over Burma.
B) Burma retained its independence.
C) The French forcibly created their Indochinese Union.
D) Thailand remained independent, as a result of mutual British and French interests.
E) The Philippines became an American spoil of war with Spain, in spite of efforts by local insurgents to change that outcome.

Question 15

The term 'neocolonialism' refers to European colonial tactics

A) after the 16^th century.
B) in all parts of the world except Africa.
C) after the abolition of the slave trade.
D) in Africa only.
E) after former European colonies were replaced by independent nation-states.

Question 16

In his famous poem "The White Man's Burden," Rudyard Kipling expressed the idea that whites

A) greatly suffered from the cruelty of African native tribes when they were captured.
B) were never really recompensed for the loss of their colonies after the end of colonialism.
C) were more susceptible to native African diseases and therefore experienced greater mortality.
D) carried the economic cost of infrastructure development in their former colonies.
E) had a moral responsibility to lift Africans from a state of lower societal development.

Question 17

The slave trade

A) revived again in the early 1800s.
B) was ended in France in 1803.
C) led Britain to establish settlements in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast on which to settle freed slaves.
D) continued to be strong even after the United States, Cuba, and Brazil abolished it.
E) was never a major factor in East Asia.

Question 18

Which of the following was not one of the justifications European nations used for colonialism?

A) As a way to succeed in the struggle between nations
B) As a means to improve the economic status of the colonized countries.
C) As a moral imperative to promote Christianity.
D) As a means to expand the influence of the empire.
E) As a necessary path to improved intellectual and emotional life.

Question 19

Muhammad Ali

A) was a native-born Egyptian who came to rule his homeland.
B) modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions.
C) overthrew the Ottoman power in the Middle East.
D) reaped great rewards from the construction of the Suez Canal.
E) was the first Christian ruler of Egypt since the seventh century.

Question 20

The Philippine guerrilla leader who failed to thwart the United States conquest was

A) Antonio Celino.
B) Antonio Barbosa.
C) Emilio Aguinaldo.
D) Ferdinand Marcos.
E) Mongkut Chulalongkorn.

Question 21

What was the most important reason that drove European powers in their rush to increase their imperialist holdings in Africa?

A) The quest for new markets prompted by rapid industrialization at home
B) The rivalries between European nations and fears that other countries would claim Africa first
C) The strong desire to extend Christianity throughout Africa
D) The goal to bring European technological advantages to Africans
E) The fear of Russian economic expansion into Central Africa and world domination

Question 22

Which of these pairs, linking the European power and its African holding, is NOT correct?

A) Germany - Congo
B) Italy - Libya
C) Belgium - Congo
D) France - Madagascar
E) Britain - Gold Coast

Question 23

What happened to the position of African women through the colonial system?

A) They were sexually liberated and generally saw an increase in their rights.
B) Their freedoms were restricted and they had to use traditional farming methods.
C) Many women saw their economic status decrease but their personal freedoms increase.
D) The position of women stayed mostly the same-the stay home and tend to the raising of family.
E) They saw increased education through the influence of British systems.

Question 24

The idea to preserve local African culture and traditions under colonial administration is associated with the

A) British.
B) French.
C) Belgians.
D) Dutch.
E) Germans.

Question 25

The Boers were predominantly of what ethnic background?

A) Zulu
B) English
C) Welsh
D) Dutch
E) Khoisan

Question 26

The Great Trek

A) was ordered by the French government.
B) took place before the Boers encountered the Zulus.
C) was a Zulu march led by their ruler named Shaka.
D) was the northeastward advance of the Boers after the British take-over of the Cape Colony.
E) took place as a result of Khoisan and Bantu military clashes.

Question 27

By 1900, the seizure of what region was included in the Indochinese Union?

A) Algeria
B) Thailand
C) Cambodia
D) the Sumatra archipelago
E) Burma

Question 28

Which of these cities became a major colonial manufacturing center?

A) Luxor
B) Timbuktu
C) Ulan Bator
D) Batavia
E) Chittenango

Question 29

The Boer War

A) was caused by German refusal to stop arming the Boers.
B) was the result of the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer Transvaal.
C) established East Africa as an independent nation.
D) settled all animosities between the British and the Afrikaners.
E) established the concept of majority rule in South Africa.

Question 30

In southern Africa during the 1800s

A) the French established an impregnable fortress at Zanzibar.
B) Belgian troops were driven out of the Cape area after they had tried to conquer the Boers.
C) the racially tolerant Boers were able to organize a biracial, intertribal force which successfully resisted the British army for three years.
D) the British were more sympathetic to the rights of the local population than were the Boers.
E) the Boer commander, General Shaka, proved to be an effective political and military leader.

Question 31

What was the primary result of introducing the zamindar system in rural India?

A) Rent increases across rural India forced many families from their homes.
B) The countryside became politically and socially stable for the duration of British rule.
C) Farmers were able to become landed gentry, which mirrored the British system.
D) Local gentry increased taxes and forced the less fortunate to become tenants or lose their land entirely.
E) It facilitated the collection of agricultural taxes and created a stronger political system.

Question 32

What was the stated goal of indirect rule in Africa?

A) To prevent the potential of rebellions as was seen in Southeast Asia.
B) To limit the cost of setting up colonial rule.
C) To appease the educated class of Africans.
D) To preserve African political traditions.
E) To begin a collaborative system with native Africans.

Question 33

The European "missionary factor" that contributed to efforts to conquer the peoples of Africa was

A) based on Social Darwinism and the "white man's burden".
B) largely unsuccessful.
C) completely separate from goals of economic development in the region.
D) funded entirely by Cecil Rhodes and other titans of empire.
E) supported by the African people themselves.

Question 34

Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from

A) sleeping sickness.
B) diphtheria.
C) scurvy.
D) cholera.
E) malaria.

Question 35

In the second half of the nineteenth century

A) a Frenchman built the Suez Canal, but it ultimately came under British control.
B) British General Charles Gordon restored Egyptian rule in Sudan with his Sikh-Gurkha army.
C) Tunisia came under the total domination of Berber rebels.
D) the Turks took control of Tripoli from the Italians.
E) France occupied the island of Taiwan.

Question 36

David Livingstone

A) was the first European to climb Mount Ararat.
B) personally put an end to the Zanzibar slave market with his "Green Band Army."
C) obtained great fame from his African missionary and anti-slavery work.
D) discovered the source of the Nile.
E) constructed an Anglican cathedral on the former site of the Zanzibar slave market.

Question 37

What factor spurred the rise in Christian missionary work in East Africa in the nineteenth century?

A) The spread of Islam in the region.
B) The rising native interest in monotheism.
C) The positive native reception to church establishment.
D) The persistence of the slave trade in the area.
E) The need to dispel the local pagan practices.

Question 38

In the period known as ____, colonial governments saw their efforts in moral terms and put greater emphasis on improving social services and education.

A) new colonialism
B) high colonialism
C) associationalism
D) new nationalism
E) moral colonialism

Question 39

The missionary who urged Europeans to introduce the "three Cs" (Christianity, commerce and civilization) was

A) Eleazir Thornton.
B) Wilson Wallace.
C) Thomas Stanley.
D) David Livingstone.
E) Wilton S. Parmenter.

Question 40

The Berlin Conference of 1884

A) settled the Boer War.
B) established guidelines for future annexation of African territory by European nations.
C) led to a large-scale German attack on British colonial property in Kenya.
D) devised a system for collaborative missionary activity in Africa.
E) was convened by Queen Victoria.

Question 41

The arrival of Western colonialism in Africa and Asia

A) sparked an increased desire among the conquered peoples for opportunities to participate in government.
B) fueled inter-ethnic warfare among local and regional groups.
C) ed to a mass exodus of local peoples to other regions.
D) led to increased growth of the slave trade.
E) increased exposure to new diseases and led to massive health problems.

Question 42

French colonial management applied direct rule to which of the following areas?

A) Southern Mekong Delta
B) Hue
C) Cambodia
D) Laos
E) None of these.

Question 43

In Southeast Asia, imperialist governments

A) fostered intensive industrial development and were widely successful, as rural peasant percentages had dropped below fifty in Vietnam and Java by 1905.
B) established mass educational systems to educate peasant children for citizenship and industrial work.
C) practiced a policy of peaceful coexistence.
D) often blended direct and indirect rule, with the latter used widely in rural areas such as Malaya.
E) contracted with private Asia conglomerates to administer their colonies.

Question 44

The first European power to stop engaging in the African slave trade was

A) England.
B) Denmark.
C) the Netherlands.
D) United States
E) Portugal.

Question 45

To prevent the possible collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British and the French

A) declared war on Russia.
B) recognized Muhammad Ali as hereditary pasha of Egypt.
C) seized control of the Egyptian government.
D) orchestrated local Berber revolution to establish a pro-European local rule.
E) enacted economic sanctions on any country that would not respect an Egyptian embargo.

Question 46

The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by

A) the traditional hostility between Muslims and the Buddhist majority.
B) British tax policies in India.
C) British racial policies in India.
D) the use of animal fat and lard in new rifle cartridges used by the sepoy troops, which upset both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
E) friction between the sepoy troops and their Mongol and European commanders.

Question 47

What was one result of educating indigenous elites in Southeast Asia?

A) They became far more likely to rebel against the colonial regime.
B) The majority of lawyers and doctors in the country quickly became majority indigenous.
C) Educated natives were able to make colonial rule more effective and palatable to others.
D) They developed more public schools so that nearly every colonial subject had a basic education.
E) They created their own form of government and wrote competing constitutions to European rule.

Question 48

What might be considered a benefit of colonialism in Southeast Asia?

A) The creation of high-wage manufacturing centers
B) Economic exploitation of native workers
C) The beginnings of a modern economic infrastructure
D) The creation of universal peasant landownership
E) The bringing of Christianity to the heathen pagans

Question 49

It can be said that the first stage in the development of modern nationalism is

A) the collapse of all tribal loyalties.
B) the complete assimilation of the ruling elite into the colonial infrastructure.
C) the breakdown of village hierarchical structures.
D) resistance to colonial conquest, often based on traditional cultural factors.
E) an abandonment of local languages in favor of the language of the colonial power.

Question 50

By combining the old Cape Colony and Natal with the Boer Republics in 1910, the British created the

A) Zambezi Federation.
B) Union of East Africa.
C) Union of North Africa.
D) Union of South Africa.
E) Union of West Africa.

Question 51

In assessing the impact of nineteenth-century imperialism, it can accurately be said that

A) the consequences of imperialism are more complex than was earlier believed.
B) the one certain conclusion which can be reached is that it was uniformly advantageous for all, bringing permanent advantages which still persist.
C) when conflicts of interest rose, they were invariably settled in favor of the populations of the colonies.
D) it proved particularly beneficial to the societies of East Asia, which were given special economic help and cultural support by their colonial overlords.
E) it improved the lives of the natives but which bankrupted the European governments.

Question 52

The Sepoys were

A) Sudanese resistance fighters.
B) a warrior-caste in Nepal.
C) Hindus who willingly adopted the British way of life.
D) Indian troops hired by the British to protect their interests in the region
E) guerilla fighters in the central highlands of Ethiopia.

Question 53

The fundamental weakness of colonialism was that it

A) required a substantial economic investment in the infrastructure by the colonizer.
B) relied on theories of Social Darwinism.
C) is ultimately based on the self-interests of the colonial powers.
D) assumed a welcome system of reciprocity with the subject nation.
E) could not establish a uniform system of administration between direct or indirect rule.

Question 54

Direct rule typically

A) used local elites to help rule the native people.
B) was an academic distinction from indirect rule and was not much different.
C) attempted to eradicate resistance and destroy traditional culture.
D) improved relations between indigenous societies and imperial countries.
E) made societies more likely to actively resist colonial conquest.

Question 55

Which African country, with a temperate climate in its Central Highlands, attracted a relatively large European population?

A) Cameroon
B) Kenya
C) Sokoto
D) Senegal
E) Mozambique

Question 56

Ran Mohan Roy's major motivation in creating the Brahmo Samaj was to

A) provide Hinduism with protection against verbal attacks by British colonialists.
B) supply Indian revolutionaries with arms.
C) prevent the British from controlling India.
D) find a method for successful revolt against British rule in India.
E) strengthen Muslim group awareness.

Question 57

Proof of its lack of racist attitudes, ____ colonial policies permitted Africans to run for office and serve in that country's assembly.

A) the United States'
B) England's
C) France's
D) Germany's
E) Italy's

Question 58

Who led a peasant revolt in Burma against colonial rule?

A) J. F. Lugard
B) Saya San
C) Tipu Sultan
D) Ram Mohan Roy
E) Qassim Amina

Question 59

What was not a reform imparted by the British colonial system in India?

A) Ending the practice of sati by widows.
B) Implementing a system of education for elites and women.
C) Introducing the British Civil Service examination.
D) Transferring ownership of railways to local government.
E) Imposing a new penal code based on the British model.

Question 60

Which country adopted the terms assimilation and association as ways to deal with colonial societies?

A) England
B) France
C) Belgium
D) Holland
E) Germany

Question 61

Social Darwinism served as one major justification for European imperialism.

Question 62

The term 'neo-colonialism' refers to European colonial tactics after World War II.

Question 63

Ram Mohan Roy sought to restore Hindu traditions and rejected the implementation of any aspect of European society into Indian culture.
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Question 64

In general, the British preferred direct rule, while the French usually implemented indirect rule in their African colonies.

Question 65

In the nineteenth century, "legitimate trade" included the African slave trade.

Question 66

Afrikaners were black African opponents of the Dutch Boers in South Africa.

Question 67

One of the primary factors that changed the relationship of Europeans and colonialism was the Industrial Revolution.

Question 68

In order to protect their investment in the Suez Canal, the British established an informal protectorate in Egypt that lasted until World War I.

Question 69

Before colonialism, most societies in Africa and Asia were organized around religious beliefs or ethnic loyalties.

Question 70

The prototype for direct rule in Africa was the British system.

Question 71

After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British gave precedence to Gurkhas and Sikhs as the main fighting force of India's colonial army.

Question 72

The Sepoy Rebellion was one of several successful resistance efforts against European colonialism.

Question 73

In order to avoid violence and to gain the popular support of colonial peoples, the Europeans generally quickly introduced democratic institutions in their colonies.

Question 74

Early European concerns in Africa largely focused around trying to establish direct control over vast territories.

Question 75

In Southeast Asia, the European emphasis on cash crops led in many areas to the replacement of subsistence agriculture by the growth of large plantations.

Question 76

The European takeover of Africa was finally complete with the victory of the Italians over the forces of the Ethiopian king at the Battle of Adowa.

Question 77

The United States made the Philippines an American colony as a means of preventing Spanish rule in Southeast Asia.