Deck 7: Liberal Perspectives on Todays World: Collective Security, Multilateral Diplomacy, Interdependence, and International Institutions

Question 1

How often are IMF quotas recalculated?

A) every 2 years
B) every 5 years
C) every 8 years
D) never

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Signed in 1968, which treaty strengthened the International Atomic Energy Agency by solidifying the commitment of nonnuclear states not to acquire nuclear weapons and of nuclear states to reduce nuclear arms and share nuclear technology for peaceful uses?

A) the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
B) the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
C) the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe
D) the Nuclear Weapons Convention

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What term describes one method of decentralizing power to accommodate tribal and regional differences?

A) liberalism
B) federalism
C) partition
D) institutionalism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following made permanent the practice of trying individuals for war crimes?

A) the International Criminal Court
B) the International Court of Justice
C) the European Commission
D) the European Parliament

Question 5

The merger of the European Defense and Political Community, European Atomic Energy Community, and European Economic Community to form the single Commission of the European Communities is an example of ______.

A) universal jurisdiction
B) spillover
C) process tracing
D) democratic deficit

Question 6

Which perspective emphasizes the idea that democracy promotes nongovernmental organizations and civil society as fundamental components of political society?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a supranational institution?

A) Amnesty International
B) the European Commission
C) the United Nations
D) the International Criminal Court

Question 8

Which perspective is most likely to highlight the converging values of the East and the West as an important driver in the development of international standards of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 9

Which perspective believes that the way to end violence is to ban or limit arms, such as through treaties like the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and the Anti-Personnel Landmine Treaty?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 10

Which level of analysis would best describe the liberal argument that U.S. President Barack Obama's election led to a renewed emphasis on diplomacy and multilateralism?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the transnational level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 11

Which of the following Bretton Woods institutions oversees exchange rate and other financial interactions among countries?

A) the World Trade Organization
B) the International Labor Organization
C) the World Bank
D) the International Monetary Fund

Question 12

Which of the following serves as the UN's primary judiciary organ?

A) the International Court of Justice
B) the International Criminal Court
C) the UN Security Council
D) the European Court of Justice

Question 13

How is the voting power of states in the World Trade Organization apportioned?

A) It is based on a state's size.
B) It is based on a state's share of trade.
C) It is based on how much a state contributes to the WTO.
D) It is based on a one-state, one-vote system.

Question 14

Which level of analysis describes the argument that the Oslo Accords failed due to the United States, Europe, and other great powers having other diplomatic priorities?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 15

Which perspective sees nongovernmental organizations as extensions of American imperialism?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 16

Hugo Grotius and Eméric Vattel are early analysts of which of the following?

A) international law
B) disarmament
C) neoliberalism
D) raison d'état

Question 17

What does the liberal perspective cite as the principal reason ethnic conflicts get out of control?

A) hardwired ethnic identities
B) historical interactions between ethnic groups
C) divergence of ideas between ethnic groups
D) weak or failed states

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the International Court of Justice?

A) It has the power to force parties to appear before the court and to enforce its decisions.
B) It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
C) It considers four types of crime: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression.
D) It can only hear cases brought to it by states.

Question 19

The ______ is a not Bretton Woods institution?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) World Trade Organization
C) United Nations
D) World Bank

Question 20

The Maastricht Treaty is a key agreement in the development of which of the following institutions?

A) the European Union
B) NATO
C) the United Nations
D) the Bretton Woods institutions

Question 21

The use of poison gas by Saddam Hussein in Iraq and Bashar al-Assad in Syria against their own people are violations of the ______.

A) Biological Weapons Convention
B) Chemical Weapons Convention
C) Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
D) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

Question 22

Which of the following institutions has the power to interpret and enforce EU treaties and law?

A) the European Parliament
B) the European Court of Justice
C) the European Criminal Court
D) the European Commission

Question 23

Which of the following institutions is the only one that is directly elected in the EU?

A) the European Parliament
B) the European Council
C) the Council of the European Union
D) the European Commission

Question 24

Which of the following was a result of the Lisbon Treaty?

A) It forced all members of the EU to adopt the euro as their common currency.
B) It established the European Court of Justice, an institution to interpret and enforce EU treaties and laws.
C) It implemented many of the provisions of the European constitution by intergovernmental agreement.
D) It gave the European Parliament the power to initiate legislation.

Question 25

______ are those institutions above the level of the state, like the European Commission, that are motivated by common, rather than state-specific, goals.

A) Supranational institutions
B) International governmental institutions
C) Nongovernmental organizations
D) Supernational institutions

Question 26

The Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991 is a textbook example of which one of the following approaches to force?

A) power balancing
B) collective security
C) preventive war
D) containment

Question 27

The ______ is the assembly that brings together the member states of the EU.

A) the European Parliament
B) Council of the European Union
C) the European Criminal Court
D) the European Commission

Question 28

Which Bretton Woods institution, first known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, focuses on multilateral trade negotiations?

A) the World Trade Organization
B) the International Trade Organization
C) the General Agreement on Trade in Services
D) the North American Free Trade Agreement

Question 29

Under the Oslo Accords, Israel agreed to which of the following?

A) recognition of the Palestine Liberation Organization
B) withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and areas of Jerusalem
C) a two-state solution with Palestine
D) sharing Jerusalem as a national capital with Palestine

Question 30

Which set of activities describes those actions by the UN devoted to monitoring cease-fires and separating combatants in third-world conflicts?

A) peace enforcement activities
B) peacekeeping activities
C) postconflict reconstruction activities
D) humanitarian activities

Question 31

Which states traditionally select the managing director of the International Monetary Fund and the president of the World Bank?

A) Developed states select the managing director of the IMF, while developing states select the president of the World Bank.
B) Developing states select the managing director of the IMF, while developed states select the president of the World Bank.
C) European states select the managing director of the IMF, while the United States selects the president of the World Bank.
D) The United States selects the managing director of the IMF, while either China or Russia selects the president of the World Bank.

Question 32

Which of the following principles did Iraq violate by invading Kuwait?

A) raison d'état
B) sovereignty
C) self-determination
D) collective security

Question 33

The International Monetary Fund offers loans on the principle of conditionality, which means which of the following?

A) The state receiving the loan cannot receive more loans in the future.
B) The state receiving the loan must pay the loan back.
C) The state receiving the loan must adjust its domestic policies to fix balance-of-payment imbalances.
D) The state receiving the loan must offer other states economic concessions, like favorable trade or investment deals.

Question 34

The ______ is a permanent tribunal started in 2002 to prosecute war crimes.

A) International Court of Justice
B) International Criminal Court
C) Hague
D) International Court

Question 35

The weakness of the European Parliament has given rise to the debate in the EU about the ______, a criticism made of the EU that it is not directly accountable to the people it represents.

A) spillover
B) qualified majority voting
C) democratic deficit
D) second degree representation

Question 36

Liberal accounts at which levels of analysis lay most of the blame for failed diplomacy on the United States?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the transnational level of analysis

Question 37

The Oslo Accords sought to resolve conflict between which two parties?

A) Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization
B) Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda
C) Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina
D) Israel and Egypt

Question 38

Despite the fact that Iraq's nuclear program was gutted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, which of the following seemed to indicate (incorrectly) that Iraq was continuing to develop nuclear weapons?

A) Saddam Hussein announced that he had developed and tested nuclear weapons.
B) A top Iraqi scientist began selling nuclear technology to Libya, Iran, and North Korea.
C) Iraq forced UN weapons inspectors out in 1998.
D) Iraq never signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Question 39

Arguing that U.S. President Bill Clinton pulled troops out of Somalia because the U.S. Congress pressured him to do so is an example of an argument from which level of analysis?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 40

How does the World Bank raise most of its money?

A) It sells World Bank bonds on private financial markets.
B) It requires members to pay a subscription.
C) It asks members to volunteer a pledge.
D) It is funded by the United Nations.

Question 41

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which two former Yugoslav republics became the focus of conflict when civil war broke out in 1991?

A) Montenegro
B) Slovenia
C) Bosnia-Herzegovina
D) Croatia

Question 42

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following countries belong to ASEAN?

A) South Korea
B) Cambodia
C) Indonesia
D) Malaysia

Question 43

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The UN Security Council used Chapter VII only twice to enforce mandatory sanctions against which two African states?

A) Southern Rhodesia
B) Nyasaland
C) South Africa
D) Zambia

Question 44

______ refers to the claim of a single state that it can prosecute perpetrators of war crimes anywhere in the world.

A) Universal jurisdiction
B) Universal justice
C) International extradition
D) International justice

Question 45

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are methods of spillover?

A) mutual recognition
B) path dependence
C) adoption of minimal standards
D) harmonization of regulations

Question 46

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Liberal accounts at which levels of analysis lay most of the blame for failed diplomacy on the United States?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the transnational level of analysis

Question 47

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following statements about the International Criminal Court (ICC) are true?

A) The ICC can only bring charges in a particular situation after the UN Security Council votes to authorize an ICC investigation.
B) The United States, China, and India are not parties to the ICC.
C) It tries cases of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression.
D) The ICC only hears cases if state courts are unwilling or unable to act.

Question 48

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Under the Oslo Accords, Israel agreed to which of the following?

A) recognition of the Palestine Liberation Organization
B) withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and areas of the West Bank
C) a two-state solution with Palestine
D) sharing Jerusalem as a national capital with Palestine

Question 49

SELECT ALL THAT APPPLY. Which of the following are possible reasons for Iraq's invasion of Kuwait?

A) to control Kuwait's oil supply
B) to control assets to pay war debt from the Iran-Iraq War
C) to revise colonially imposed borders
D) to protest the Arab League

Question 50

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The United Nations focuses on three major international issues, including which of the following?

A) collective security and peace
B) economic and social development
C) finance and trade
D) international law and human rights

Question 51

The liberal perspective expects that intensified economic and financial interdependence between China and the United States will create too many common benefits that neither country will want to risk these benefits and go to war.

Question 52

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are suggested ways to reform the United Nations?

A) decreasing the size of the Security Council
B) reducing bureaucracy
C) conferring more power to the secretary-general's office over budgets
D) dissolving the Human Rights Council

Question 53

The liberal perspective emphasizes the importance of oil supplies over the role of international law in the first Persian Gulf War.

Question 54

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The World Bank makes loans for development purposes, including which of the following?

A) debt relief
B) infrastructure projects
C) projects to meet basic human needs
D) sustainable energy and environmental programs

Question 55

Peace enforcement activities are those UN actions devoted to monitoring cease-fires and separating combatants in third-world conflicts.

Question 56

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are one of the criteria identified by the UN High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges, and Change for legitimate intervention?

A) There is a sufficiently clear and serious threat to warrant the use of force.
B) The primary purpose of the use of force may be to stop the threat through regime change.
C) The use of force against the threat is the last resort.
D) The use of force is proportionate and the minimum necessary to mitigate the threat.

Question 57

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to bargaining theory, why might two states fail to make credible commitments and avoid war?

A) Capabilities shift.
B) Intentions are uncertain.
C) The states do not have preferred outcomes.
D) One state believes war is a better option than negotiations.

Question 58

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The United Nations focuses on which three major international issues?

A) collective security and peace
B) economic and social development
C) finance and trade
D) international law and human rights

Question 59

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following states are members of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons?

A) North Korea
B) Israel
C) Pakistan
D) China

Question 60

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The fact that Saddam Hussein did not respond to the universal condemnation of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait implies that he was being influenced more by factors at which levels of analysis?

A) the individual level of analysis
B) the domestic level of analysis
C) the foreign policy level of analysis
D) the systemic level of analysis

Question 61

Since the end of the Cold War, interventions for humanitarian purposes have become more frequent and are increasingly multilateral.

Question 62

One key success of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was the abandonment of nuclear weapon programs by Pakistan and India in the 1990s.

Question 63

______ refers to the claim of a single state that it can prosecute perpetrators of war crimes anywhere in the world.

Question 64

The military intervention in Libya in 2011 did not enjoy broad support from states other than the United States.

Question 65

All members of the EU automatically belong to the European Central Bank and have adopted a common currency, the euro.

Question 66

The European Parliament has the unique power to initiate regional legislation.

Question 67

The liberal perspective highlights hardwired ethnic identities as the principal driver behind ethnic conflicts.

Question 68

The massacre of more than 8,000 Muslim men and boys at Srebrenica in 1995, as incited by Slobodan Milosevic, is an example of ______, or the exploitation by leaders of people's fears in order to wage ethnic conflict.

Question 69

The ______ represents the maximum amount of money a country provides to the IMF for lending to correct balance-of-payment problems.

Question 70

Voting in the World Bank is based on the size of a country's economy.

Question 71

The European Commission, a supranational body, has the exclusive authority in the EU to initiate legislation and pursue to goals of ever-closer union.

Question 72

The liberal perspective would most likely argue that the spread of transnational nongovernmental organizations is a result of the spread of democratic ideas.

Question 73

In January 1991, the United States and other UN members positioned forces to support an invasion code-named ______, with the aim to expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Question 74

The liberal perspective expects that intensified economic and financial interdependence between China and the United States will create too many common benefits that neither country will want to risk these benefits and go to war.

Question 75

The UN and EC established the ______ to negotiate cease-fire plans among conflicting groups in Bosnia and Croatia.

Question 76

______ are UN actions intended to compel countries by force or threat to follow the terms of UN resolutions.

Question 77

Bargaining theory argues that two rational states will never go to war with each other.

Question 78

The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal started in 2002 to prosecute war crimes.

Question 79

The resettlement of ethnic groups, rebuilding of infrastructure and homes, and mediation of political processes of reconciliation and power sharing, are all examples of ______.

Question 80

The Oslo Accords are an example of successful international negotiations to bring about peace between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization.