Deck 2: The Science of Microbiology

Question 1

Which of the following scientists expanded the original two kingdom classification system by adding a third, comprised of single-celled eukaryotes and prokaryotes?​

A)​Aristotle
B)​Copeland
C)​Haeckel
D)​Woese

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Bergey developed a widely used system of systematic:​

A)​Virology
B)​Genomics
C)​Hierarchy
D)​Bacteriology

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Escherichia coli is an example of the naming of organisms called:​

A)​Binomial nomenclature
B)​Cladistics and phylogeny
C)​Morphology
D)​Phenetics

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All single-celled organisms are included in the general classification of prokaryotes.​

Question 5

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Capsomeres

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 6

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Encephalopathy

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 7

The scientific community of microbiologists relies on an established naming system called ____________________ to identify and classify microbes and other living organisms.​

Question 8

The ordering of divisions of organisms into related groups from domain (largest group) down to species (smallest group) is called a taxonomic:​

A)​Domain
B)​Hierarchy
C)​Classification
D)​Nomenclature

Question 9

Unlike bacteria, non-living viruses are acellular microbes consisting of nucleic acids wrapped in a coating called a ________________.​

Question 10

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Eukaryote

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 11

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Genome

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 12

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Archaea

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 13

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Bacteriology

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 14

​Which of the general groups of microbes is comprised of extremophiles which thrive in harsh environments such as salt marshes, geothermal springs, and glacial ice?

A)​Archaea
B)​Eukaryotes
C)​Prokaryotes
D)​Viruses

Question 15

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Phylum

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 16

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Phaginae

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 17

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Retrovirus

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 18

?Match the following terms or phrases with the correct description or definition.

-?Cladistics

A)?A classification system based on common ancestors, phylogenic relationships, and evolutionary changes.
B)?Protein molecules which comprise the capsule around viral nucleic acids.
C)?A condition of destruction of brain matter from pathogenic invasion.
D)?A division of taxonomic hierarchy smaller than kingdom and larger than class.
E)?Group of microbes which have ancient roots and similarities with unicellular and multicellular microbial organisms.
F)?Viral particles which infect bacterial cells.
G)?The study of all classes and types of prokaryotic organisms.
H)?Group of organisms characterized by the presence of a nucleus within the cell structure.
I)?A non-living pathogen which contains reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
J)The complete set of an organism's DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and genes.

Question 19

The scientific system of observing and comparing similarities between microorganisms used to develop the earlier classification systems is called _______________________.​

Question 20

Carl Woese based his classification system on what he considered the more precise method of comparison called phenetics.​

Question 21

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of a cell nucleus.​

Question 22

The two domain system of classification included cellular and non-cellular microorganisms such as viruses and prions.​

Question 23

Prions are live viruses called phaginae which infect bacterial cells.​

Question 24

The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes is also known commonly as the Bacteriological Code.​

Question 25

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of a retrovirus.​

Question 26

The taxonomic hierarchy for viruses has fewer divisions than the hierarchy for living organisms.​

Question 27

Fossils of ancient archaea have been found but no longer exist in modern times.​