Deck 3: What Are the Ethical Responsibilities of Test Publishers, Test Users, and Test Takers

Question 1

Certification and licensure are credentials individuals obtain to demonstrate they ______.

A) are qualified to practice in their field
B) are qualified to administer psychological tests and assessments
C) are certified to protect the health and safety of the public
D) have met the requirements for earning an advanced degree

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures reflects the official statement from the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology regarding professionally accepted practices for ______.

A) training new test developers how to develop testing instruments using commonly accepted best practices
B) developing test instruments to make selection- and development-related decisions
C) selecting, developing, and using test instruments to make employment-related decisions
D) using test instruments in clinical, educational, and organizational settings

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following is TRUE about certification and licensure?

A) Certification and licensure do not require passing an exam.
B) Certification and licensure are credentials related to protecting the health and safety of the public.
C) While state-level governments establish licensure, certification is not regulated.
D) While licensure is mandatory for some professions, certification is voluntary.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the American Psychological Association's 2010 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct?

A) general principles
B) specific principles
C) ethical Standards
D) 2010 amendments

Question 5

A test publisher shares sample items from a test they publish with the editor of a local newspaper. The local newspaper prints the items. Which one of the following has the test publisher compromised?

A) availability of comprehensive test manuals
B) accuracy in marketing
C) truthfulness in marketing
D) test security

Question 6

How do professional societies and associations decide what to put in their standards?

A) The members form a committee that adapts their codes from those of other professional organizations.
B) Members vote on and adopt the standards after extensive discussion and debate.
C) Organizations derive their ethical codes from governmental agencies and guidelines.
D) Members propose their codes and agree to abide by them only after the codes are accepted by consensus.

Question 7

If you were delivering a presentation about the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, which one of the following facts would you NOT include in your presentation?

A) Two organizations, the American Educational Research Association and the American Psychological Association, collaborate to publish the Standards.
B) Unless there is a very sound professional reason, anyone who develops and/or uses standardized psychological tests and assessments should follow the Standards.
C) The Standards are available as a 230-page book, organized into three parts: foundations, operations, and testing applications.
D) The Standards provide those who develop and use standardized psychological tests and assessments with criteria for evaluating tests and testing practices.

Question 8

In addition to truthfully marketing the psychological tests they sell, test publishers have a responsibility to include what on their websites?

A) statements of user qualifications
B) statements of test developer credentials
C) evidence of test reliability
D) evidence of validity for intended use

Question 9

Which one of the following is made up of national psychological associations, as well as test commissions, and test publishers?

A) Group of Fair Testing Practices in Education
B) American Psychological Association
C) Commission for Educational and Psychological Testing
D) International Test Commission

Question 10

What professional credential is based on meeting predetermined qualifications and typically requires passing an exam?

A) licensure
B) certification
C) doctor of philosophy
D) master's degree

Question 11

According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, who should provide test users, before purchasing a psychological test, the information needed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the test?

A) the test taker
B) the test developer
C) the test publisher
D) the American Psychological Association

Question 12

Ethical standards are ______.

A) rules of conduct or procedures recognized by a city or state
B) laws and doctrines established by governmental bodies
C) published guidelines that guide the work of those who practice in a field
D) regulations established by one or persons more a community authorizes

Question 13

Which one of the following ethical standards from the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct applies most directly to the use of psychological tests?

A) education and training
B) research and publication
C) assessment
D) therapy

Question 14

Which one of the following resources with professional practice standards would you need to purchase because the resource is not freely available on the Internet?

A) Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
B) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
C) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
D) Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures

Question 15

Which one of the following is NOT a consequence a test user might experience by violating an ethical standard?

A) negative consequences to individuals
B) negative consequences to organizations
C) expulsion of a member from an association/organization
D) being tried or sued in a court of law

Question 16

According to the American Psychological Association, what are "ethics"?

A) a community's laws that govern "right" or "wrong" practices
B) a person's moral conscience based on his or her background and upbringing
C) practices that influence the decision-making process to do the right thing
D) values members of a profession must follow

Question 17

Which one of the following American Psychological Association publications would a psychologist access if she or he wanted to better understand 10 ethical standards intended to help her or him act ethically?

A) SHRM's Code of Ethical and Professional Standards in Human Resource Management
B) the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
C) the Code of Fair Testing Practices for Psychologists
D) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct

Question 18

Perhaps the most important collaborative document on testing is the ______, which the APA prepared with the American Educational Research Association and the National Council of Measurement in Education.

A) Ethical Principles of the APA
B) Code of Fair Testing Practices
C) National Association of School Psychologists' Code of Ethics
D) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

Question 19

If you wanted to contact the publisher of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, whom would you contact?

A) the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
B) the U.S. Department of Labor
C) the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
D) the U.S. Human Testing Rights Association

Question 20

If you were delivering a presentation about the American Psychological Association (APA)'s Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education, which one of the following facts would you NOT include in your presentation?

A) the APA originally published the Code in 1988 and revised it in 2004
B) while consistent with the 1999 Standards, it is not consistent with the 2014 Standards
C) the standards directly apply to all types of tests in education, including teacher-made tests
D) the standards in the Code make clear the obligations of educational test developers and users

Question 21

What right includes the concept that individuals are entitled to full explanations of why they are being tested, how the test data will be used, and what the test results mean?

A) right to confidentiality
B) right to informed consent
C) right to privacy
D) right to know and understand test results

Question 22

Lack of which one of the following can contribute to invalidating test results and result in psychological injury to individuals?

A) test security
B) self-determination
C) confidentiality
D) anonymity

Question 23

Anonymity is important because researchers believe that people who complete surveys or tests anonymously ______.

A) will be more likely to follow recommendations based on the test results
B) often speak more positively about psychological testing
C) often provide more honest information about themselves
D) are more likely to follow directions and cooperate with the test administrator

Question 24

Imagine you were conducting a research study that involved administering a test. In which of the following cases would you need to obtain consent?

A) when consent was implied
B) State law required the testing.
C) The purpose was to evaluate if the person could make decisions.
D) The individual was a minor, under 18 years of age.

Question 25

If you assure test takers that you will keep all the personal information they disclose private, you are acknowledging test takers' right to ______.

A) confidentiality
B) informed consent
C) anonymity
D) protection from stigma

Question 26

Imagine you were creating a test manual for a norm-based test a local test publishing company recently developed. According to your text, which one of the following would you not include in the test manual?

A) directions for how to administer and score the test
B) a sample of each type of test item on the test
C) information to evaluate the test's psychometric characteristics
D) directions for comparing scores with scores of norm groups

Question 27

Richard Sullivan is a manager at the Gizmo Corporation. When he sent a request to the Human Relations Department asking for the scores on preemployment tests that his workers had taken, the Department refused to give him the scores because it violated the workers' ______.

A) right to informed consent
B) right to privacy
C) right to confidentiality
D) protection from stigma

Question 28

If you wanted to learn more about the personal and legal responsibilities of test takers, what two resources would you benefit most from reading?

A) Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers and Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
B) Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers and Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
C) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing and Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
D) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing and Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

Question 29

Imagine you were a testing professional delivering a presentation on test taker responsibilities to a group of students preparing to take the SAT. Which one of the following would you NOT include as a test taker responsibility in your presentation?

A) carefully read or listen to, as well as follow, test administrator instructions
B) protect test security and copyrights by not sharing test content with others
C) request testing accommodations if they have a physical condition
D) have your test scored and results delivered within a reasonable period of time

Question 30

Julio conducted a research survey that involved asking students about their academic standards and integrity. He asked the students to not put their name or any other identifying information on the survey. What was he providing the students?

A) anonymity
B) reliability
C) confidentiality
D) obscurity

Question 31

Which one of the following is NOT a test taker right?

A) be informed of your rights and responsibilities as a test taker
B) understand and accept the consequences of not taking a test
C) be treated with courtesy, respect, and impartiality
D) have your test results kept confidential to the extent allowed by law

Question 32

A test user is anyone who participates in ______.

A) designing a test or piloting the test
B) administering, interpreting, or using test results
C) using test results to make important decisions
D) buying, administering, interpreting, or using test results

Question 33

If you explained to a group of test takers why they were being tested and the purpose of the test, you would be ensuring the test takers had the right to ______.

A) self-determination
B) anonymity
C) privacy
D) confidentiality

Question 34

If you assure individuals that all personal information they disclose will be kept private, you are ensuring their ______.

A) anonymity
B) informed consent
C) confidentiality
D) protection from stigma

Question 35

Imagine you were a testing professional delivering a presentation on test taker rights to a group of students preparing to take the SAT. Which one of the following would you NOT indicate as a test taker right?

A) be treated with courtesy, respect, and impartiality, regardless of your age, disability, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or other personal characteristics
B) have your test administered and your test results interpreted by appropriately trained individuals who follow professional codes of ethics
C) respectfully request a change in the testing environment or conditions if you believe the conditions will negatively affect your results
D) receive a written or oral explanation of your test results within a reasonable amount of time after testing and in commonly understood terms

Question 36

All test users have the ethical responsibility to abide by what professional practice standards?

A) those within their profession and those that apply to all professions
B) those within their profession and at their discretion those that apply to all professions
C) those that apply to all professions and at their discretion those within their profession
D) those that apply to all professions

Question 37

The Ethical Principles and Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing affirm the rights of individuals to all EXCEPT which one of the following?

A) privacy
B) confidentiality
C) disclosure
D) self-determination

Question 38

Regardless of good intentions or the apparent trivial nature of data collected, we should not ______.

A) disclose information without explicit permission
B) disclose information even with explicit permission
C) disclose test results to the test taker
D) share test interpretations with the test taker

Question 39

Which one of the following is NOT a test taker's responsibility?

A) understand and accept the consequences of not taking a test
B) ensure the test administrator thoroughly reads the testing instructions
C) ask questions if they are uncertain about why they are taking a test
D) request testing accommodation if they have a physical condition

Question 40

If you administered a test without obtaining information on the identity of the test takers, you would be following the practice of ______.

A) anonymity
B) informed consent
C) confidentiality
D) protection from stigma

Question 41

A practitioner locates a new instrument for measuring the anxiety of children who are 4-10 years old. Explain why the practitioner must act ethically. What responsibilities for ethical test use does the practitioner have? What actions should the test user take to be sure the test is used ethically?

Question 42

Sensory impairments include ______.

A) deafness and blindness
B) paralysis or missing limbs
C) intellectual disabilities
D) learning disabilities

Question 43

People who have minority status in terms of disabilities or ethnicity are referred to as ______.

A) test takers
B) test users
C) norm groups
D) special populations

Question 44

Distinguish between test taker responsibilities and test taker rights. Provide three examples of each.

Question 45

A lack of test security ______.

A) has caused some test users to be sued by test takers
B) is mainly the result of the test taker
C) is inappropriate, but it rarely has serious consequences
D) may result in psychological injury to test taker

Question 46

Describe test taker's rights to privacy, right to informed consent, right to know and understand results, and right to protection from stigma. Give an example of an applicable situation for each.

Question 47

Who is a test user?

A) the person who responds to the questions on a test or a survey
B) anyone who participates in purchasing, administering, interpreting, or using test results
C) anyone whose behavior is being observed and measured using a test or assessment
D) any qualified person who develops a psychological test or assessment

Question 48

Why might some psychological tests not require strict procedures for test security?

A) The test developer intends the tests to be used for research purposes only.
B) The tests are exempt from the APA's ethical principles.
C) The tests are developed by instructors to use in the classroom.
D) The tests are projective tests and do not have one correct answer.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true regarding learning disabilities?

A) A learning disability is defined as the difficulty of learning how to read.
B) Students with learning disabilities can develop strategies to be successful in school.
C) Students with learning disabilities have a right to testing accommodations.
D) Instructors can help students who have not self-declared their learning disability.

Question 50

The human resources department of a large corporation has decided to put special emphasis on recruiting job applicants who have motor impairment. The applicants will be asked to take a battery of employment tests to determine whether they qualify to be hired. What ethical responsibilities does the human resource staff have when testing these applicants? What actions should the staff take, and why, to be sure that the applicants receive ethical treatment during the testing process?

Question 51

Joyce Adams, a clinical psychologist, administered a personality test to her client, John. When delivering the results, Dr. Adams avoided words such as "narcissist" and "feedbleminded" and instead used words to facilitate positive growth and development. Dr. Adams was ensuring she ______.

A) provided John a positive experience
B) protected John's privacy and confidentiality
C) protected John's self-determination
D) protected John from stigma

Question 52

If you were a testing professional, which one of the following would you NOT do when testing individuals with disabilities?

A) ensure the intended test outcomes indicate the intended attributes
B) provide special accommodations, if necessary, to individuals with disabilities
C) modify test scores to take into account a test taker's disability
D) rely on more than test scores when testing individuals for diagnostic purposes

Question 53

According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes, learning disabilities are disorders that affect a person's ability to do all EXCEPT which one of the following?

A) understand or use spoken or written language
B) do mathematical calculations
C) coordinate movements
D) perceive movement