Question 1

What is the advantage of root cause analysis to address adverse events in healthcare?&#10;A) Personal biases are included&#10;B) Alternatives are eliminated&#10;C) Multiple factors are identified&#10;D) Evidence is not needed for conclusions

Accepted Answer

Typically, a serious problem is the result of the interaction of several factors within a system. Root cause analysis leads to the identify of all factors. It relies on evidence rather than personal biases, and identification of alternative causes and solutions is key.

Question 2

Which of the following actions in the direction of supportive personnel is most desirable?&#10;A) Standardized rules for when to delegate&#10;B) Ratio of one PT to two PT assistants&#10;C) PT assistants supervise aides&#10;D) Individualized assignments for each patient

Accepted Answer

The condition of a patient and the skills of supportive personnel are variable. PTs need to make judgments for each patient in each treatment session to assure safe, quality care. The other options are hard and fast (carved in stone) rules that may be risky for patient safety.

Question 3

What is a characteristic of incident reports?&#10;A) Completed by risk managers&#10;B) Limited to the essential facts&#10;C) Included in the medical record&#10;D) Shared as evidence in law suits

Accepted Answer

The person(s) involved in the incident should complete it. It is confidential information for internal purposes, is not part of the medical record, and is protected from the public. It must include the facts and no opinion or judgments.

Question 4

Which of the following actions should a manager take when a patient is harmed?&#10;A) Encourage discussion of the incident for clarification&#10;B) Report the people involved to state licensure boards&#10;C) Relieve involved employees of their duties&#10;D) Avoid adversarial encounters with the people involved

Accepted Answer

Managers should make efforts to maintain smooth operations during all phases of investigation and resolution of incidents. They should discourage people who are not directly concerned with the incident from becoming involved in any way. Insurers and patients are typically more likely to report to state boards. Relieving a person of duties is typically not the first response to an incident.

Question 5

What kind of potential risk is the Affordable Care Act?&#10;A) Hazard&#10;B) Market&#10;C) Operations&#10;D) Reputation

Accepted Answer

A market risk includes health insurance policy and access of patients. If political changes reduce either, it may result in a loss of revenue. Hazard risks are typically addressed with insurance for natural disasters, etc. Operations risks include environmental safety, equipment failures, etc. Reputation risks include the general impressions of an organization.

Question 6

What is the legal definition of standard of care?&#10;A) Care provided by a similar worker in the same situation&#10;B) Care established by published evidence&#10;C) Care according to accepted clinical guidelines&#10;D) Care defined by professional standards

Accepted Answer

Care provided by a similar worker in the same situation is the closest legal definition. The other choices are often called standards but they are not the legal definition.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes patient rapport?&#10;A) Injury to a patient did not involve a lawsuit&#10;B) Establishing personal relationships&#10;C) Respect and dignity in a caring manner&#10;D) Touching patients

Accepted Answer

Respect and dignity in a caring manner is a basic definition of rapport. Although rapport may reduce the risks of lawsuits, it is not the only reason an injured patient does not sue. Personal relationships should be discouraged and touch should be therapeutic not intimate. Not all touching is rapport building.

Deck 11: Risk Management, Legal, and Ethical Responsibilities