Deck 7: Antibiotics, Antifungals, and Antivirals

Question 1

Which is the most important defense mechanism of the external immune system?

A) Mucous membranes
B) Tears
C) Stomach secretions
D) Skin

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

Which protein is (are) produced when an unfamiliar microorganism enters the body?

A) Antibodies
B) Hemoglobin
C) Myoglobin
D) Phagocytes

Answer 2

Antibodies

Question 3

Thin, less elastic skin, decreased secretion of stomach acid, and weakened muscular structures are all risks factors for infection in a(n):

A) AIDS patient.
B) pediatric patient.
C) older adult patient.
D) postoperative patient.

Answer 3

older adult patient.

Question 4

Handwashing, sterilization of equipment, and the wearing of protective clothing are all examples of:

A) bactericidal techniques.
B) aseptic techniques.
C) disinfectant techniques.
D) immunization techniques.

Question 5

Which bacteria would cause an infection deep within the body, such as in a joint?

A) Arthrogenic bacteria
B) Aerobic bacteria
C) Anaerobic bacteria
D) Acidophilic bacteria

Question 6

Which cells are part of the internal immune system?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Thrombocytes
C) Leukocytes
D) Dermatocytes

Question 7

Which term indicates an altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response?

A) Hyperimmunism
B) Hypersensitivity
C) Hyperreactivity
D) Hyperantibiotism

Question 8

The process of placing a small amount of dead or weak disease germs into the body is called:

A) vaccination.
B) administration.
C) injection.
D) introduction.

Question 9

Which term describes a way of stimulating the production of antibodies by exposing the body to weakened or killed germs?

A) Immunization
B) Infection
C) Isolation
D) Administration

Question 10

One-celled plants and animals are called:

A) unicells.
B) microorganisms.
C) antibodies.
D) mycoses.

Question 11

Which term indicates primary strategies that prevent infections transmitted through blood, body fluid, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes?

A) Isolation precautions
B) Infection precautions
C) Standard precautions
D) Microorganism precautions

Question 12

Which term means rod-shaped bacteria?

A) Cocci
B) Bacilli
C) Spiral
D) Vibrios

Question 13

Which procedure would assist the physician in choosing a drug that is effective against the pathogen?

A) Culture and sensitivity test
B) Antibiotic effectiveness test
C) Antimicrobial awareness test
D) Resistance and specificity test

Question 14

Which term means an infection that occurs in a hospital or long-term care facility?

A) Acquired
B) Nosocomial
C) Institutional
D) Staff

Question 15

Which term describes microbes that produce infection and disease?

A) Penicillinase
B) Bactericides
C) Pathogens
D) Leukocytes

Question 16

Which test can identify pathogens to determine the specific antibiotic that should be prescribed?

A) Wrights stain
B) Gram stain
C) Microbial stain
D) Giemsa stain

Question 17

What term indicates a severe, possibly fatal systemic hypersensitivity reaction to a sensitizing agent-that is, a drug, food, or chemical?

A) Anabolic
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Anaerobic
D) Asepsis

Question 18

Which term describes an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause infection?

A) Infection
B) Immunization
C) Hypersensitivity
D) Anaphylaxis

Question 19

Which term indicates drugs that kill microorganisms directly?

A) Bacteriocidal
B) Anticidal
C) Microbial
D) Streptocidal

Question 20

Why do physicians prefer to prescribe narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

A) Broad-spectrum antibiotics give more types of organisms a chance to develop resistance.
B) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are more expensive than narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
C) Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are less likely to cause hypersensitivity.
D) Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are faster acting than broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Question 21

Mycoses are infections caused by:

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) protozoa.
D) fungi.

Question 22

Patients should be educated to take antibiotic doses at the prescribed time to:

A) avoid hypersensitivity.
B) increase production of antibodies.
C) maintain therapeutic blood levels.
D) decrease the likelihood of superinfections.

Question 23

Which statement correctly applies to the treatment of fungal infections?

A) Bacterial infections are harder to cure than fungal infections.
B) Antibiotics are more toxic to human cells than are antifungals.
C) Antifungal infections are harder to cure than bacterial infections.
D) Antibiotics are less effective than antifungals.

Question 24

Which statement describes important information that patients must receive while on antibiotic therapy?

A) Stop taking the medication as soon as symptoms disappear to avoid a superinfection.
B) Take all of the medication to ensure that the drug does not fail.
C) Pathogens are usually destroyed with the first few doses; save extra doses for the future.
D) As soon as you are fever-free, the medication should be discontinued; the therapy has worked.

Question 25

Which should be avoided because they interact with cephalosporins and produce abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse, and sweating?

A) Milk and dairy products
B) Estrogen-containing contraceptives
C) Alcohol or alcohol-containing medications
D) Antacids

Question 26

Which term describes a secondary infection that occurs while an antibiotic is destroying the first infection?

A) Hyperinfection
B) Massive infection
C) Superinfection
D) Broad infection

Question 27

Which causes infections in warm, moist areas of the skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth and vagina?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Yeast
D) Protozoa

Question 28

Which are potent bactericidal antibiotics that are generally used to treat only serious or life-threatening conditions?

A) Tetracyclines
B) Macrolides
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Sulfonamides

Question 29

Which antibiotics pose a greater risk for superinfection than other microbials?

A) Penicillins
B) Cephalosporins
C) Tetracyclines
D) Aminoglycosides

Question 30

In patients taking penicillin, rash, fever, or chills may indicate:

A) a superinfection.
B) drug resistance.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) the presence of penicillinase.

Question 31

Which antibiotic is the most effective and least toxic?

A) Tetracyclines
B) Penicillins
C) Macrolides
D) Aminoglycosides

Question 32

Which term refers to a fungal infection of the nails?

A) Tinea corporis
B) Tines pedis
C) Tinea cruris
D) Tinea unguium

Question 33

Patients taking which type of antibiotics should be educated to avoid activities that require coordination and alertness because of the possibility of central nervous system symptoms?

A) Penicillins
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Macrolides
D) Quinolones

Question 34

Patients taking sulfonamides such as Bactrim and Septra must be educated to:

A) drink at least 3 quarts of fluid per day.
B) avoid sunlight.
C) use additional methods of birth control.
D) take the medication with orange juice to increase absorption.

Question 35

Which antibiotic is often prescribed for patients who are allergic to penicillin?

A) Tetracyclines
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Cephalosporins
D) Quinolones

Question 36

Patients should be educated to avoid direct ultraviolet light and sunlight while taking tetracyclines because they can cause a rash due to:

A) hypersensitivity.
B) photosensitivity.
C) solarsensitivity.
D) radiosensitivity.

Question 37

Which should be avoided by patients taking tetracycline because of a resulting decrease in the absorption of the tetracyclines?

A) Alcohol
B) Antacids
C) Estrogen-containing contraceptives
D) Full glass of water

Question 38

Which body systems may experience toxic effects from the administration of aminoglycosides?

A) Respiratory; nervous; and cardiovascular
B) Sensory; renal; and nervous
C) Integumentary; reproductive; and nervous
D) Digestive; nervous; and musculoskeletal

Question 39

Zithromax, Biaxin, and erythromycin are all examples of:

A) penicillins.
B) cephalosporins.
C) tetracyclines.
D) macrolides.

Question 40

Pathogens that secrete a substance called penicillinase:

A) resist penicillin decoys.
B) resist penicillin.
C) destroy penicillin decoys.
D) destroy penicillin.

Question 41

Which machine sterilizes medical equipment using steam under pressure?

A) Microwave
B) Autoclave
C) Ultrasound
D) Gas sterilizer

Question 42

Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and all equipment for drug administration is discarded in special containers or disinfected and sterilized?

A) Respiratory
B) Reverse
C) Strict
D) Contact

Question 43

Which microorganism receives nourishment from undigested food in the colon?

A) Clostridium perfringens
B) Escherichia coli
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Candida albicans

Question 44

Which term refers to pathogen-free techniques used when caring for patients?

A) Asepsis
B) Bacteriocidal
C) Standard Precautions
D) Disinfections

Question 45

What does OSHA stand for?

A) Overuse of Specific Hospital Antibiotics
B) Obligatory Standard Healthcare Asepsis
C) Occupational Safety and Health Administration
D) Organism Syndrome Hospital Acquired

Question 46

Which is a beneficial product created by bacteria that live in the intestines?

A) Feces
B) Vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Mucous

Question 47

Tiny, one-celled plants and animals, some of which are pathogenic or disease producing and others that are nonpathogenic are called microbes or _______________________.

Question 48

Clostridium difficile is a deadly "superbug" that causes:

A) penicillin-resistant otitis media.
B) nosocomial diarrhea.
C) nongonococcal urethritis.
D) toxoplasmosis.

Question 49

Which chemicals are used in the sterilization process because they are capable of killing bacteria?

A) Aseptics
B) Disinfectants
C) Soaps
D) Detergents

Question 50

Which is an example of a local infection?

A) Abscess
B) Chickenpox
C) Mumps
D) Measles

Question 51

Which isolation procedure places the patient in a separate room with the door closed, and staff members are required to wear a protective mask only without gloves?

A) Respiratory
B) Reverse
C) Strict
D) Contact

Question 52

Which makes the body immune to many infections?

A) Antigens
B) Antibodies
C) Isolation
D) Standard Precautions

Question 53

For an antiviral to be most effective, the drug must be given:

A) as soon as the patient presents with a fever.
B) after the culture and sensitivity identifies an effective antimicrobial.
C) before the disease begins.
D) on an empty stomach to increase absorption.

Question 54

Which forms after a vaccine is administered?

A) Superinfection
B) Resistance
C) Antibodies
D) Hypersensitivity

Question 55

Which infection is treated using "cocktail" therapy?

A) Pneumonia
B) HIV/AIDS
C) Herpes
D) Chlamydia

Question 56

Diflucan, Monistat, and Lotrimin are used to treat:

A) bacterial infections.
B) viral infections.
C) fungal infections.
D) rickettsial infections.

Question 57

Which is a chronic infection in which there are recurrent periods of active disease followed by latent periods when the patient is asymptomatic?

A) Tetanus
B) Common cold
C) Herpes
D) Poliomyelitis

Question 58

Which isolation procedure protects patients who have no or weakened immunity?

A) Respiratory
B) Reverse
C) Strict
D) Contact

Question 59

Which is the reason that polio and yellow fever are now rare?

A) Immunization
B) Standard Precautions
C) Antibiotics
D) Isolation

Question 60

Microorganisms that produce infection and disease are labeled ________________.

Question 61

An invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease is termed a(n) _______________.

Question 62

The _______________ immune system protects against infection because of normally functioning defenses that provide physical barriers to microorganisms.

Question 63

When a patient is kept in an environment where pathogens cannot spread from patient to healthcare worker or vice versa, the patient is said to be in ___________________.

Question 64

Antibiotics that kill microorganisms directly are termed __________________.

Question 65

The body can be stimulated to produce antibodies against disease-producing microorganisms through ______________________.

Question 66

A procedure used to find out which, if any, microbes are present and which antibiotic will be effective against a specific pathogen is the ________________________ test.

Question 67

The primary strategies for preventing infection transmitted through blood, body fluid, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are termed ______________________.

Question 68

____________-spectrum antibiotics destroy a wide variety of microorganisms.

Question 69

Diseases caused by the direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another are termed ______________ diseases.

Question 70

A(n) __________________ infection is an infection that occurs in a hospital or long-term care facility.

Question 71

Microorganisms can enter the body and cause infection when the skin is _____________, as when cut or burned.

Question 72

The most important component of the external immune system is the __________, which forms a tough physical barrier to microorganisms.

Question 73

Neutrophils and antibodies make up the ______________ immune system.

Question 74

After exposure to a certain antibiotic for a particular period of time, a pathogen may no longer be sensitive to its action. The pathogen is said to have developed __________________ to the effects of a specific antibiotic.

Question 75

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen are termed ______________.

Question 76

A secondary infection that occurs while an antibiotic is destroying the first infection is termed a(n) _______________________.

Question 77

Gram-positive cocci would appear as ____________________ under the microscope.

Question 78

An altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response is termed _____________________.

Question 79

Medical personnel must be trained in __________ or pathogen-free techniques to prevent the spread of infection.

Question 80

When a person is able to resist damage from microorganisms, he or she is said to be _______________.