Deck 18: Basic Diagnostic Tests: What Do the Tests Tell Us

Question 1

Choose the best answer:
This measuring device is impregnated with reactive chemicals that cause either a color change or a change in color shade when exposed to a substance.

A) dipstick
B) needle gauge
C) test tube
D) blotter paper

Answer 1

Needle gauge refers to the needles thickness. There are hypodermic needles that are present in various outer diameters, which are described by the number of gauge. The gauge number that is smaller indicates higher diameter (outer). The diameter (inner) depends on the thickness of the wall and the gauge.
Test tube is referred to as a thin tube made up of glass. It is closed from one of the ends and is used for holding the testing materials of the laboratory experiments. The blotter paper is also known as bibulous paper. It absorbs high amount of substances that are of liquid nature.
Hence, the options b, c and d are incorrect.
Dipstick is considered as an essential tool for the analysis of urine. It is a test basically that involves the urines application onto a paper that is chemically impregnated. The color of the paper changes and so, the analysis is done on the basis of that.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 2

This test is used to determine the extent of lung damage from diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or cystic fibrosis:

A) BUN
B) EKG
C) C S
D) PFT

Answer 2

Chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and emphysema are pulmonary diseases that results in breathing problems and coughing. These are progressive diseases. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are acquired diseases, while cystic fibrosis is genetic disorder.
BUN (Blood Urine Nitrogen) test is used to examine the proper working of the kidney. Increased or decreased BUN results can result in symptoms confusion, disorientation, convulsion and edema.
EKG or ECG (Electrocardiogram) that records the hearts' electrical activity. The depolarization of heart muscles is recorded on electrograph. This is a commonly performed cardiology test for observing the heart rhythm.
C S (Culture and sensitivity) tests are performed for growing bacteria and exposing it to different antibiotics to find the most effective drug for a specific pathogen. It was introduced due to increased drug resistance in bacteria.
Hence, the options a, b and c are incorrect.
A PFT (Pulmonary Function Testing) is designed to look at the volume and flow of air going inside and outside lungs. It helps in determining the pathogenic occurrence in the lungs. It is also used to determine the degree of lung damage.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 3

Choose the best answer:
This test is used to determine a specific pathogenic organism and the drug(s) most effective in combating it:

A) PTT
B) BUN
C) C S
D) PT

Answer 3

PTT is called as the partial thromboplastin time. It is a test of the blood, which measures the clotting of blood. PT is called as the prothrombin time. It is also a test of the blood that helps in checking the problems related to bleeding. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels indicate the amount of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
Hence, the options a, b and d are incorrect.
C S (culture and sensitivity) testing is responsible for fighting against the infections of the bacteria. The growing bacteria's are then, exposed to the concerned antibiotics for analyzing as to which drug is effective against them.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 4

This type of blood cell is responsible for the transportation of oxygen to the cells of the body:

A) WBC
B) CBC
C) RBC
D) NBC

Question 5

The body organ(s) chiefly responsible for the regulation of the excretion of sodium and the concentration of urine is(are) the _____________.

Question 6

Choose the best answer:
These values are often measured over time to determine if the patient had a heart attack (often a sign of tissue injury or death):

A) erythrocytes
B) enzymes
C) leukocytes
D) erythropoietin

Question 7

_____________ is the term used for a condition of excess RBCs in the blood.

Question 8

A value measured to determine the effectiveness of heparin therapy is:

A) PTT
B) MRI
C) BUN
D) DOG

Question 9

Choose the best answer:
Tan or clay-colored feces can be indicative of:

A) severe diarrhea
B) upper GI bleed
C) excessive fat intake
D) hemorrhoids

Question 10

Polysomnography is a diagnostic test used to determine:

A) sleep disorders
B) blood chemistry
C) many bacteria
D) cell counts

Question 11

Explain why it is important not to treat a patient based solely on diagnostic test values.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Question 12

Choose the best answer:
This patient effort dependent test measures flows and volumes of air breathed into and out of the lungs to determine the degrees of obstruction and/or restriction:

A) LSMFT
B) PFT
C) STD
D) C S

Question 13

Given that our common cases in this textbook deal with a diabetic and a quadriplegic patient, select two diagnostic tests that could assess and monitor their conditions. Also list and discuss associated problems along with a justification for each test and what results you might expect.
Maria, diabetic patient
Diagnostic test 1 _____________________________________________________________
Justification ________________________________________________________________
Expected results _____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic test 2 _____________________________________________________________
Justification ________________________________________________________________
Expected results _____________________________________________________________
Ray, quadriplegic patient
Diagnostic test 1 _____________________________________________________________
Justification ________________________________________________________________
Expected results _____________________________________________________________
Diagnostic test 2 _____________________________________________________________
Justification ________________________________________________________________
Expected results _____________________________________________________________

Question 14

Choose the best answer:
A disorder involving fewer-than-normal red blood cells per a given volume of blood:

A) analogue
B) leukopenia
C) anemia
D) RBC

Question 15

High-protein diets or dehydration can cause urine to be more:

A) acidic
B) alkaline
C) neutral
D) thin

Question 16

List the things that basic polysomnography looks at to determine if there is a possible sleep disorder.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Question 17

Choose the best answer:
A severe imbalance of this blood chemistry value can lead to potential life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias:

A) BUN
B) electrolytes
C) platelets
D) PTT

Question 18

Choose the best answer:
The largest of the blood cells are:

A) leukocytes
B) touristcytes
C) erythrocytes
D) thrombocytes

Question 19

Choose the best answer:
Which of the following is not a normal color of urine:

A) straw
B) yellow
C) amber
D) orange

Question 20

Choose the best answer:
Situations that can lead to higher-than-normal numbers of platelets include all except:

A) high-altitude living
B) Vitamin K deficiency
C) exercise
D) massive blood transfusions

Question 21

Choose the best answer:
A testing device used to record heart activities during a 24-hour period is a(n):

A) EMG
B) Holter monitor
C) Hanasen monitor
D) GMC

Question 22

Choose the best answer:
Urine turbidity can be a result of all of these except:

A) rapid cooling
B) bacteria
C) bacon ingestion
D) overhydration

Question 23

_____________ is a diagnostic tool used to quickly determine the level of glucose in a patient's urine.

Question 24

Choose the best answer:
White blood cell counts are important when determining:

A) infection
B) age
C) coronary artery blockage
D) race

Question 25

A specific gravity test looks at the kidneys' ability to concentrate:

A) RBCs
B) enzymes
C) urine
D) bacteria

Question 26

A group of blood chemistry values used to determine if a patient had a heart attack is the _____________ levels.

Question 27

An increase in hemoglobin levels can be caused by:

A) excessive fluid intake
B) anemia
C) severe hemorrhage
D) high altitude living

Question 28

Mucus found in a fecal sample may be a result of:

A) a normal finding
B) emotional excitement
C) gelatin ingestion
D) runny nose

Question 29

Choose the best answer:
An increased BUN can be caused by all the following except:

A) fluid overload
B) acute myocardial infarction
C) shock
D) protein catabolism

Question 30

Explain why diagnostic tests are important when diagnosing a patient's condition.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Question 31

Choose the best answer:
Starvation will change urine's pH to be more:

A) acidic
B) alkaline
C) neutral
D) no change

Question 32

Choose the best answer:
The general blood cell type that aids in fighting infection is:

A) WBC
B) CBC
C) RBC
D) NBC

Question 33

Choose the best answer:
This device has revolutionized abdominal surgery in that a large incision isn't needed, and as a result, recovery time is shortened:

A) bronchoscope
B) endoscope
C) otoscope
D) laparoscope

Question 34

Choose the best answer:
Platelets can be found in all the following shapes except:

A) oval
B) disk-shaped
C) rhomboid
D) round

Question 35

_____________ is utilized to place physical exertion on the heart and is often helpful in determining early stages of heart disease.