Deck 6: Organizational Ethics

Question 1

Moral imagination is defined as the ability to understand the worst possible scenario in an ethical framework of distributive justice.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Secondary stakeholders are people who will be directly affected by any ethical decision that is made.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Platinum Rule test is a good way of judging if distributive justice is taking place.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The law may not align with ethics in organizations partly because the law cannot anticipate every new dilemma.

Question 5

A decision that is based on equality is a fair and ethical decision.

Question 6

Congruency, the degree to which senior management sets good examples, is an ethical dimension of culture.

Question 7

Interactional justice is comprised of two important fairness perceptions: interpersonal treatment and informational adequacy.

Question 8

Often when making ethical decisions people begin with a solution in mind and spend time rationalizing why that solution is ethical.

Question 9

Researcher Thomas Jones identified proximity as one of the ways in which ethical issues can be perceived as more or less intense.

Question 10

The ethical perspective of utilitarianism was put forth by German philosopher Immanuel Kant.

Question 11

Following norms is often part of behaving ethically.

Question 12

When we are judging the fairness of decisions, three major factors often come into play. These are economics, equality, and justice.

Question 13

At the heart of many issues that concern ethics and fairness are perceptions of justice.

Question 14

Obedience to the law is usually sufficient to fulfil one's ethical duties.

Question 15

Teleological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to the process of the decision.

Question 16

One way of testing your moral imagination is to use the Wall Street Journal test.

Question 17

Interactional justice gets at process and outcomes.

Question 18

________ justice occurs when the process used to determine the outcome is perceived as fair.

A)Applied
B)Practical
C)Interactional
D)Distributive
E)Procedural

Question 19

In a reward situation, people are likely to examine the outcome of a decision's impact based on equality.

Question 20

The way in which we perceive ethical dilemmas depends heavily on the moral intensity the issue possesses.

Question 21

Which is not a type of "right-versus-right" scenario?

A)fruth versus loyalty
B)individual versus community
C)integrity versus honor
D)short-term versus long-term
E)justice versus mercy

Question 22

The law can be considered to be a "________" with respect to ethics.

A)ceiling
B)door
C)wall
D)floor
E)window

Question 23

Which of the following is a "right-versus-right" scenario?

A)dishonesty-versus-loyalty
B)individual-versus-loyalty
C)short-term versus immediate
D)justice-versus-dishonesty
E)individual versus community

Question 24

Which is not an important reason that the law may not align with ethics in organizations?

A)Laws are slow to change.
B)The law often requires only an ethical minimum.
C)The law cannot anticipate every new dilemma.
D)Compliance is not enough.
E)Laws are often partly politically motivated.

Question 25

Which below directs us to make decisions based on the greatest "good" for the greatest number?

A)pragmatism
B)universalism
C)the categorical initiative
D)the categorical imperative
E)utilitarianism

Question 26

The truth is that much of our behavior is guided by watching others and simply following their lead. Hence, it is a myth that

A)it is difficult to be ethical.
B)ethical decision a manager makes holds the potential for ethical issues to arise.
C)incidents of unethical behaviour have not changed much for centuries.
D)unethical behavior is simply a problem of "bad apples."
E)ethical issues are with an individual every day.

Question 27

Which is not one of the six ways in which ethical issues are impacted by moral intensity?

A)unanimous consent
B)magnitude of consequences
C)social consensus of evil/good
D)concentration of effect
E)probability of harm/benefit

Question 28

The major application of ________ comes in the common tension between self-interest and ethical values.

A)pragmatism
B)the categorical imperative
C)virtue ethics
D)universalism
E)utilitarianism

Question 29

Which below recognizes that human beings act in and from character?

A)pragmatism
B)virtue ethics
C)the categorical imperative
D)utilitarianism
E)universalism

Question 30

Which is not one of the six ways in which ethical issues are impacted by moral intensity?

A)temporal immediacy
B)magnitude of consequences
C)social consensus of evil/good
D)resource misallocation
E)probability of harm/benefit

Question 31

Which of the following "right-versus-right" scenarios does a professor encounter when catching a student cheating?

A)truth versus loyalty
B)justice versus mercy
C)short-term versus long-term
D)individual versus community
E)fairness versus economics

Question 32

Which is not one of the six key steps in most models of ethical behavior?

A)Gather the facts.
B)Consider your integrity.
C)Define the ethical issues.
D)Identify the affected parties, consequences, and options.
E)Think objectively about actions.

Question 33

Which below implies a consideration of whether a decision would be acceptable if everyone in every situation made the same decision?

A)universalism
B)utilitarianism
C)the categorical imperative
D)the categorical initiative
E)pragmatism

Question 34

________ justice is perceived when people view the fairness of a particular outcome.

A)Applied
B)Practical
C)Interactional
D)Distributive
E)Procedural

Question 35

The length of time between an act and its consequences is known as

A)temporal proximity.
B)proximal immediacy.
C)temporal immediacy.
D)sequential immediacy.
E)sequential proximity.

Question 36

A patient discloses to a doctor that he is likely to commit suicide. As a result, the doctor is ethically obligated to breach patient confidentiality. This example best illustrates which type of truth versus truth scenario?

A)rights versus responsibility
B)individual versus community
C)short-term versus long-term
D)truth versus loyalty
E)justice versus mercy

Question 37

The more ________ a given context or situation, the more an individual is likely to perceive it as

A)intense; unethical.
B)morally intense; ethical.
C)ambiguous; unethical.
D)ambiguous; ethical.
E)concrete; ethical

Question 38

The switch dilemma (i.e., a trolley running out of control down a track)can be used to illustrate moral

A)strength.
B)energy.
C)intensity.
D)fortitude.
E)force.

Question 39

Which below refers to the net effect of costs and benefits on the object of the action in question?

A)moral intensity
B)the magnitude of consequences
C)temporal immediacy
D)concentration of effect
E)immediacy

Question 40

Which ethical theories determine the ethics of an act by looking to the probable outcome or consequences of the decision?

A)relativism
B)pragmatism
C)virtue ethics
D)deontological
E)teleological

Question 41

The extent to which unethical conduct is punished and ethical conduct is rewarded in known as

A)sanctionability.
B)congruency.
C)supportability.
D)permission.
E)conformity.

Question 42

Your community has seen a sudden spike in gunshot violence lately. The police department has directed all gun shops in the locality to not sell guns to potential customers who have previous criminal records. This is an example of which kind of ethical decision-making myth?

Question 43

Which of the following steps to making an ethical decision follows the fact-gathering step?

A)Consider your integrity.
B)Check your instincts.
C)Define the ethical issues.
D)Think creatively about actions.
E)Identify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations.

Question 44

In some managerial situations, resources are distributed so each person gets the same outcome, regardless of their contributions. This is most likely based upon

A)equity.
B)loyalty.
C)logic.
D)need.
E)equality.

Question 45

At the completion of a presentation, students were told by the professor that although their talk was solid as far as content, the grade was a "C." The professor failed to mention that the talk lacked several elements of excellence. The graphics were inconsistent, the presenters mumbled, and the team failed to answer any of the follow-up questions. The student team leader threw the documentation packet at the professor, shouting, "Whatever, toad!" and slammed the door on the way out. This scenario presents an ethical issue of ________ justice.

A)distributive
B)interactional
C)generational
D)procedural
E)normative

Question 46

The most basic form of ________ analysis is cost-benefit analysis.

A)utilitarian
B)Kantism
C)virtue ethics
D)deontological
E)duty ethics

Question 47

It is wrong to impose personal values on other people. This example indicates that you are using the ________ ethical perspective.

A)utilitarianism
B)duty ethics
C)Kantism
D)virtue ethics
E)universalism

Question 48

When it comes to workplace fairness, decisions framed in terms of compromise usually appeal to people's need for

A)objectivity.
B)impartiality.
C)equality.
D)equity.
E)fairness.

Question 49

Which of the following steps toward making an ethical decision includes utilizing checks such as the Platinum Rule test and the Mom test?

A)Consider your integrity.
B)Check your instincts.
C)Define the ethical issues.
D)Think creatively about actions.
E)Identify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations.

Question 50

Jenna believes that all employees should have equal access to grievance procedures. This belief is most likely perceived as

A)procedural justice.
B)interactional justice.
C)confirmation bias.
D)observer bias.
E)distributive justice.

Question 51

People should act in ways meant to better the world. This is an example of which major ethical theory?

A)universalism
B)utilitarianism
C)virtue ethics
D)situational ethics
E)cultural relativism

Question 52

Which of the following types of justice judgments is considered a little "soft" or "touchy feely" to handle?

A)normative justice
B)interactional justice
C)economic justice
D)procedural justice
E)distributive justice

Question 53

Which of the following perspectives of ethics is neither teleological nor deontological but rather emphasizes the affective side of peoples' character?

A)duty ethics
B)utilitarianism
C)Kantism
D)virtue ethics
E)universalism

Question 54

________ justice consists of two important fairness perceptions: interpersonal treatment and informational adequacy.

A)Collaborative
B)Transactional
C)Procedural
D)Interactional
E)Distributive

Question 55

________ justice is perceived when people know that those with power in an organization are suspending their personal biases and relying on objective data to the best possible extent.

A)Interpersonal
B)Interactional
C)Informational
D)Procedural
E)Distributive

Question 56

Which of the following is the last step toward making an ethical decision?

A)Consider your integrity.
B)Check your instincts.
C)Define the ethical issues.
D)Think creatively about actions.
E)Identify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations.

Question 57

Which of the following is not based on an arbitrary analysis of impact but does reflect collective logic that is consistent from situation to situation?

A)duty ethics
B)utilitarianism
C)particularism
D)virtue ethics
E)universalism

Question 58

German philosopher Immanuel Kant developed the ________ to identify the universal duties based on which ethical dilemmas ought to be resolved.

A)logical perspective
B)teleological theory
C)utilitarian ideology
D)categorical imperative
E)unified perspective

Question 59

The theory most representative of the teleological approach is

A)universalism.
B)duty ethics.
C)virtue ethics.
D)utilitarianism.
E)Kantism.

Question 60

"I believe some principles can't be sacrificed for anything" is an example of the major ethical theory of

A)universalism.
B)utilitarianism.
C)virtue ethics.
D)situational ethics.
E)cultural relativism.

Question 61

Articulate the most important methods for increasing fairness in the workplace.

Question 62

Identify a few reasons why the law may not align with ethics in organizations.

Question 63

Identify the hallmarks of ethical dilemmas and right versus right dilemmas.

Question 64

What are the advantages and disadvantages of utilitarianism as an ethical approach in organizations?

Question 65

What are the two categories of ethical theories? Describe the theory most representative of the teleological approach.

Question 66

Explain and apply the fundamental steps involved in solving ethical dilemmas.

Question 67

Explain how to effectively improve and manage workplace justice perceptions.

Question 68

According to researcher Thomas Jones, identify any four ways in which ethical issues are perceived as more or less intense and therefore as more ethical or unethical.

Question 69

What is moral intensity? Give an example of how moral intensity affects our ethical decision-making.

Question 70

A racial minority interest group has recently gone to press saying that the government is discriminating against members of that race by infringing on their individual and privacy rights in the name of national security. What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect?

Question 71

What are organizational justice perceptions?

Question 72

Identify the elements that promote an ethical organizational culture.

Question 73

Ryan has been an exemplary student throughout the term. However, he fell seriously ill two weeks before the end-of-term exam and could neither attend the last few critical lectures nor prepare for the exam. Desperate for a good grade that will reflect the kind of job offers he gets after finishing the course, Ryan cheats during the exam. You, his professor, catch him cheating. What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect? Suggest a course of action that you will follow to resolve this dilemma.

Question 74

Jennifer has been a part of your group for last five years. She is both a sincere worker and the best performer in your group. She confided in you yesterday that her father is not doing well and she might have to soon take two weeks off to take care of him. She is not sure exactly when she will need the leave, so she also asks you to keep this information to yourself. Today, your boss informs you about a critical project that has to be finished within next two weeks. He also wants Jennifer to be a part of that project and casually asks you, "I hope she is available for this project. It is very critical that this project is done well and done on time." What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect? What would your action be? Will you tell your boss about Jennifer's plans of taking leave? Explain.