Deck 13: Culture Diversity

Question 1

According to research, clans enjoyed superior performance when the industry was engaged in more dynamic competition and where barriers to entry were low.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Surface-level diversity refers to differences that are easily seen and generally verifiable.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When diagnosing a company's diversity and inclusion, Level I represents Affirmative Action and Hiring of First Diversity Officers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Firing a top executive to reaffirm the company's norms and values is an example of rites of degradation.

Question 5

Diversity makes it easier for teams to consider more ideas and avoid groupthink.

Question 6

Person-organization fit represents a shared way of being, acting, and interpreting life in the company.

Question 7

From a behaviorist's view, trying to change culture without changing the reward system is a futile exercise.

Question 8

Countries that allow inequalities to exist or believe they are natural are high in power distance.

Question 9

Burn & Ashes Inc., a publishing and advertising company, places a high value on stability and control with a focus on integration and unity. This is an example of the existence of a hierarchical culture in an organization.

Question 10

Underlying assumptions are the phenomena that remain unexplained when insiders are asked about the culture's values.

Question 11

A company that values inclusiveness has fewer talented workers to choose from.

Question 12

Aggressiveness is the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.

Question 13

As part of its culture preservation drive, an event management firm, selects and rewards an "Employee of the Year" during its annual performance appraisal with a view to motivating its employees' commitment to the company's norms and values. This is an example of the company following the rites of

A)internalization.
B)passage.
C)degradation.
D)enhancement.
E)integration.

Question 14

In a market culture, an employee's current contribution or performance is the most important factor for employee payment or promotion.

Question 15

An adhocracy culture is the opposite of a hierarchical culture.

Question 16

Organizational culture can best be defined as the work roles and authority relationships in an organization.

Question 17

In a low masculine culture, there exists a well-defined distinction between men's work and women's work.

Question 18

Diversity awareness sees traits of a group as positive or negative.

Question 19

A bad hire is far worse than no hire.

Question 20

The purpose behind a rite of passage is to motivate commitment to company's norms and values.

Question 21

A self-managed team would be an example of

A)low power distance.
B)high power distance.
C)a matrix structure.
D)centralized decision-making.
E)decentralized decision-making.

Question 22

Groups within a larger group are known as

A)sets.
B)subgroups.
C)clans.
D)subcultures.
E)clicks.

Question 23

Which of the following is true about a company with the adhocracy culture?

A)There is a high value placed on stability and control.
B)Increased formalization rules the organization.
C)Risk taking is encouraged and innovation is valued in the company.
D)The leaders' role mainly consists of organizing, monitoring, measuring, and evaluating the activities of subordinates.
E)Most promotions occur from within the organization.

Question 24

Which is not a characteristic of high-performance work practices?

A)decentralized decision making
B)robust labor relations
C)succession planning
D)hiring selectivity
E)the use of incentives

Question 25

How engaged employees are shows

A)the same amount of variation between and within companies.
B)more variation between than within companies.
C)more variation within than between companies.
D)more malleability between than within companies.
E)more malleability within than between companies.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about an organization advocating the market culture?

A)There is a strong value placed upon flexibility.
B)A high degree of individual development exists.
C)Leaders fill the role of a mentor rather than a task master.
D)Driven and competitive people thrive in this culture.
E)Company spends a great deal of time and effort in developing their next generation leaders.

Question 27

It is a "much bigger secret" that which of these significantly influences organizational success?

A)people management
B)innovative technology
C)clever marketing
D)luck
E)breakthrough products

Question 28

An environment in which people work with high levels of trust and support is likely to generate greater commitment and foster greater innovation and

A)growth.
B)creativity.
C)trust.
D)teamwork.
E)confidence.

Question 29

From Gallup research, which is not one of the benefits of having an engaged (i.e., top 25 percent of surveyed firms)workplace?

A)lower turnover
B)higher customer loyalty
C)above-average productivity
D)higher profitability
E)increased diversity

Question 30

Which of the following is true about a company with the clan culture?

A)The leadership role consists of organizing and evaluating the activities of the subordinates.
B)High value is placed on stability with a focus outside of the organization.
C)Employee performance is the most important factor for promotion.
D)Driven and competitive people thrive in this culture.
E)Most promotions occur from within the company.

Question 31

Your boss' reserved parking spot, and her extravagant office furniture are examples of status

A)distinctions.
B)displays.
C)icons.
D)symbols.
E)cyphers.

Question 32

Which of the following is true about a company with a hierarchy culture?

A)High formalization rules the organization.
B)The company is directed toward competing in its market segments.
C)Flexibility within the organization is highly valued.
D)Leaders exhibit an entrepreneurial role than one of controlling.
E)The company's focus is externally directed.

Question 33

In an organizational culture, companies often employ the rites of passage to

A)build common norms and values.
B)learn and internalize the company's norms and values.
C)change the company's norms and values.
D)motivate commitment to norms and values.
E)reinforce the company's norms and values.

Question 34

A meta-analysis identified which high-performance work practice below as being associated with a 20 percent increase in financial performance?

A)reduced status distinctions
B)decentralized decision making
C)selectivity in hiring
D)human resource planning
E)employment security

Question 35

Rites of integration serve to

A)reinforce the company's norms and values.
B)help employees learn and internalize the company's norms and values.
C)motivate commitment to norms and values.
D)change the company's norms and values.
E)build common norms and values amongst employees.

Question 36

A company specializing in automotive engineering places a premium on stability and control with a focus on integrity and unity within the organization. According to the Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company?

A)hierarchy
B)collaboration
C)clan
D)market
E)adhocracy

Question 37

H&P Inc., a company supplying hardware components to some of the biggest automobile manufacturers worldwide, is geared toward competing in its market segments. The senior managers, therefore, use strict measures of performance to control subordinate behavior. According to the Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company?

A)adhocracy
B)clan
C)hierarchy
D)market
E)traditional

Question 38

Tear & Stitch LLC, a company specializing in media and technology, places high value upon flexibility and the organization's internal focus. According to the Competing Values Model, what organizational culture exists in the company?

A)market
B)hierarchy
C)clan
D)tradition
E)adhocracy

Question 39

Which is not a characteristic of high-performance work practices?

A)centralized decision making
B)extensive training
C)succession planning
D)hiring selectivity
E)the use of incentives

Question 40

Which is not a way that high-performance work practices improve organizational performance? They

A)provide employees with the critical knowledge, skills, and behaviors required to do their job.
B)heighten employee motivation.
C)facilitate employee learning and growth.
D)heighten employee opportunities to get the job done.
E)improve the social dynamics in organizations.

Question 41

Which of the following characteristics is true about a low long-term orientation?

A)Family is the basis of society.
B)Parents and men have more authority than young people and women.
C)A strong work ethic exists.
D)People are highly creative; individualism exists.
E)High value is placed on education and training.

Question 42

Which country scores low on power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation?

A)China
B)France
C)Indonesia
D)the United States
E)Russia

Question 43

Which of the following statements is a feature of countries low on uncertainty avoidance in comparison with countries high in uncertainty avoidane?

A)More rigid
B)More intolerant of differences in what people believe and do
C)More importance given to conformity to the values of a person's social and work groups
D)More preference for structured situations
E)More easygoing and comfortable with ambiguity

Question 44

There are several broad characteristics of organizations that will help a person identify an organization's culture. Which of these is the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth?

A)stability
B)inclusiveness
C)outcome orientation
D)aggressiveness
E)steadiness

Question 45

Which model suggests that individuals and organizations are attracted to each other based on their having similar values and goals?

A)the ASA Model
B)the Competing Values Model
C)Hofstede's Cultural Attitudes Model
D)the Surface-level Diversity Model
E)the Deep-level Diversity Model

Question 46

In terms of diagnosing a company's diversity and inclusion, Level III diversity constitutes

A)diversity and inclusiveness as strategy.
B)targeted recruitment and retention.
C)Affirmative action and hiring of first diversity officers.
D)EEO and legal compliance.
E)homogenous culture.

Question 47

Consider small companies that want to become better, rather than bigger. Based on research, what is not a recurring element that captures the culture of these companies?

A)They question the usual definition of success.
B)Their leaders overcame enormous pressures.
C)They have intimate relationships with local communities.
D)Their leaders loved what they did.
E)They rely on decentralized decision making.

Question 48

________ refers to the degree to which people accept economic and social differences in wealth, status, and well-being as natural and normal.

A)Individualism
B)Achievement orientation
C)Power distance
D)Uncertainty avoidance
E)Long-term orientation

Question 49

Which of the following is true of a manager who is diversity aware?

A)His/her decisions are based on false assumptions and anecdotal evidence.
B)He/she judges traits of a group as positive or negative.
C)He/she assumes characteristics thought to be common to a group apply uniformly to every member of that group.
D)He/she views cultural differences as neutral.
E)He/she ascribes motives for group members' behavior.

Question 50

Which is not a characteristic of inclusive cultures?

A)broad use of rites and rituals
B)inclusive use of symbols and practices
C)opportunities for networking and support
D)carefully considered training opportunities
E)formal corporate statement of inclusivity

Question 51

What's the term for companies that have decided to become better rather than bigger?

A)small dwarfs
B)small giants
C)red dwarfs
D)red giants
E)giant dwarfs

Question 52

Which of the following characteristics is true about high individualism?

A)an enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of rewards for hard work.
B)disregard for privacy
C)emphasis on mastery and competence
D)work for intrinsic rewards
E)harmony more important than honesty

Question 53

Which dimension of national culture is characteristic of having supervisors and employees treated as equals?

A)low individualism
B)low power distance
C)high long-term orientation
D)high power distance
E)high individualism

Question 54

Which of the following is true about stereotyping?

A)It is based on differences verified by empirical research on actual intergroup differences.
B)It allows for individual differences.
C)It assumes a higher probability that members of a group share the traits of the group.
D)It views cultural differences as neutral.
E)It ascribes motives for group members' behavior.

Question 55

Organizational attributes that can be observed, felt, and heard as an individual enters a new culture are known as

A)symbols.
B)artifacts.
C)signs.
D)ciphers.
E)icons.

Question 56

In the ASA framework, the acronym, ASA, stands for attraction-selection-

A)awareness.
B)attrition.
C)attention.
D)attribution.
E)application.

Question 57

The work of behaviorists is rooted in the tradition of ________ and looks at the consequences of behavior to understand why it occurs.

A)Arthur Jensen
B)Abraham Maslow
C)B)F. Skinner
D)Stanley Milgram
E)Solomon Asch

Question 58

Greg, a manager at Loop & Holes Inc., decides to introduce storytelling to communicate values the organization seeks to embody. What techniques should Greg employ to instill great storytelling skills?

Question 59

Differences in terms of attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, skills and values represent ________-level diversity.

A)shallow
B)distal
C)deep
D)surface
E)proximal

Question 60

Which is not a payoff (as revealed by a recent McKinsey report)from having an inclusive culture?

A)reduction in absenteeism
B)marketing advantages
C)recruiting advantages
D)hiring advantages
E)company reputation

Question 61

Sand & Paper Co. strongly believes in discretion and dynamism with a focus outside of the organization. Identify and explain the existing culture.

Question 62

What are the three common traps that befall teams with respect to diversity awareness?

Question 63

Sheldon has been offered employment by two equally superior and competitive companies. What procedure of assessment will help Sheldon overcome his dilemma of choosing between the companies?

Question 64

Teams composed of individuals with diverse backgrounds have potential advantages that can enhance their performance. Justify.

Question 65

Draw the differences between diversity awareness and stereotyping.

Question 66

Hammer 'n Nails LLC places high value on control and stability with a focus outside the organization. Explain the organizational culture that exists in the company.

Question 67

Describe person-organization fit and the way it affects culture.

Question 68

Elucidate any four characteristics of an inclusive culture.

Question 69

Describe ways to build people-first and high-performance cultures.

Question 70

Discuss the five dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede along which people from national cultures tend to differ.

Question 71

Making the business case for inclusiveness often references metrics. Explain.

Question 72

What steps of action should a manager take to make a diverse team productive?

Question 73

Elucidate how a hierarchical culture works in an organization.

Question 74

Explain the existence of clan culture in an organization.