Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

An energy deficit of 100 kcal per day would result in a total weight loss of about 10 pounds over a _______ period.

A) 1-week
B) 4-week
C) 1-year
D) 3-year

Answer 1

The energy requirements of an average women ranges from 1800 to 2400 kcal and for men it is 2200 to 3000 kcal per a day. A goal of losing 1 pound of body weight per a week needs to restrict the calorie intake to 1200 kcal for women and 1500 kcal for men. Thus, an energy deficit of 100 kcal per day would result in a total weight loss of about 10 pounds over a period of 3 years.
Thus, the correct option is (d.3 years.
It takes 3 years to lose 10 pounds of body weight with excluding 100 kcal per a day. Thus, the options (a), (b) and (c) are incorrect.

Question 2

Explain how nature and nature can contribute to the development of obesity. What are the two most convincing pieces of evidence that both genetic and environmental factors play significant roles in the development of obesity

Answer 2

The rate of metabolism, energy expenditure, differences in brain chemistry is determined by the genes. In a research experiment, identical twins grown in two different regions showed similar patterns of weight gain irrespective of differences in their food intake. This explains that the food habits are dominated by the nature in determining the fat distribution.
Our body type is also determined by the gene type, that's why some people are thin; some are tall, others look obese etc.
If the gene pool has not been changed from a long period, we can observe a similar pattern of influence of environmental factors such as different food habits on body shape. The food habits such as fatty diet play a major role in shaping our body. People who are not genetically linked may show same pattern of body shape if their food habits are similar.
Sedentary life styles, eating refined and fast foods, childhood obesity, stress, excess weight gain during pregnancy are the risk factors of developing obesity in females. So, both genetic factors and environmental conditions determine the body obesity.

Question 3

Thermic effect of food represents the energy cost of

A) chewing food.
B) peristalsis.
C) basal metabolism.
D) digesting, absorbing, and packaging nutrients.

Answer 3

All energies required by the body are broadly classified into four categories based on the purpose for which they are used. Thus, the total energy used by the body is derived broadly from:
1. Energies used when the body is resting (basal metabolism).
2. Energies when the body is performing some physical activity.
3. Energies used to perform the activities involved in processing food (thermic effect).
4. Energies involved in regulating body temperature (thermogenesis.
All energies used by the body will fall into one of these four types of energies.
Energies involved in individual activities such as chewing food and peristalsis, cannot by itself represent thermic effect because there are other activities that expend energy as part of the thermic effect. Chewing food and peristalsis form only a small part of various activities that expend energy contributing towards thermic effect and cannot fully represent that category. The energy expended during resting or keeping the awake body alive is referred to as basal metabolism. This does not include the energy expended in processing food.
Hence, options 'a', 'b', and 'c' are incorrect.
Energy expended in excess of the that required for resting mechanism and not including that due voluntary physical activity or thermoregulation, falls under thermic effect. These are the energies that increase the metabolic rates after ingestion of food such as digesting, absorbing and packaging nutrients.
Therefore, the correct option is option
.

Question 4

Question 5

A well-designed weight-loss diet should

A) increase physical activity.
B) alter problem behaviors.
C) reduce energy intake.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

Define a healthy weight in a way that makes the most sense to you.

Question 7

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except

A) stress.
B) low calorie intake.
C) fever.
D) pregnancy.

Question 8

Describe a practical method to define obesity in a clinical setting.

Question 9

The intent of bariatric surgery is to

A) limit stomach volume.
B) slow transit time.
C) surgically remove adipose tissue.
D) prevent snacking.

Question 10

List three health problems that obese people typically face and a reason that each problem arises.

Question 11

Basal metabolism

A) represents about 30% of total energy expenditure.
B) is energy used to maintain heartbeat, respiration, other basic functions, and physical activities.
C) represents about 60% to 75% of total calories used by the body during a day.
D) includes energy to digest food.

Question 12

What are three key characteristics of a sound weight-loss program

Question 13

It is recommended that adults should do the equivalent of _______ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week for weight loss and to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.

A) 60
B) 90
C) 150
D) 300

Question 14

Why is the claim for quick, effortless weight loss by any method always misleading

Question 15

Probably the most important contributing factor for obesity rates today in the United States is

A) food advertising.
B) snacking practices.
C) inactivity.
D) eating French fries.

Question 16

Define the term behavior modification. Relate it to the terms stimulus control, self-monitoring, chain-breaking, relapse prevention, and cognitive restructuring. Give examples of each.

Question 17

The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of

A) weight.
B) body fat.
C) body water.
D) body protein.

Question 18

Why should obesity treatment be viewed as a lifelong commitment rather than a short episode of weight loss

Question 19

For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for

A) physical activity.
B) sleeping.
C) basal metabolism.
D) the thermic effect of food.

Question 20

What steps are important to remember when an underweight person wants to gain muscle but not fat

Question 21

What are the main components of energy balance

Question 22

How is the energy content of food determined and expressed

Question 23

What are the four main purposes for which the body uses energy Approximately how much does each component contribute to overall energy use by the body

Question 24

What methods can be used to measure energy use by the body

Question 25

Estimated Energy Requirement can be calculated based on which five factors

Question 26

How is the body mass index determined

Question 27

What are the BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference values for men and women that are associated with increased risk of health problems related to being overweight

Question 28

What are five methods by which body fat content can be estimated

Question 29

Obesity leads to an increased risk of which diseases

Question 30

Explain how body weight is influenced by nature.

Question 31

What role does nurture play in determining body weight

Question 32

What are the characteristics of an appropriate weight-loss program

Question 33

What are the Dietary Guidelines related to a healthy eating pattern and managing weight

Question 34

How are hormones involved in hunger control

Question 35

What are "calorie creep" and the weight-loss plateau and how can they lead to weight gain

Question 36

What should dieters remember about physical activity as part of their weight loss plan

Question 37

What behavior modification steps are helpful in changing problem eating behaviors to increase weight-loss success

Question 38

How does mindful eating help control hunger while dieting

Question 39

What are the surgical options for obese people who have failed to lose weight with other weight-loss strategies

Question 40

How restrictive is a very-low-calorie diet plan Why is monitoring by a Qualified health professional important

Question 41

How is underweight defined and what are some of its primary causes

Question 42

What are the components necessary to gain weight as muscle and not as fat