Deck 25: Nutrition: Food and Diet

Question 1

___________ is the modification and incorporation of absorbed molecules into the structure of an organism.
a. Nutrition
b. Assimilation
c. Dieting
d. Absorption

Answer 1

Assimilation is generally the last stage in which nutrients from food are incorporated in the body of organism. For example carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars with the help of digestion, but when these sugars are incorporated into cells, this is called assimilation.
Hence, the answer is option
.

Question 2

What is a nutrient?

Answer 2

The chemical entity involved in maintaining the entire body metabolism and keeping us alive. These are molecules used in growths, reproduction, repairing and building-up tissues. Nutrients can be organic molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and water or inorganic elements like calcium, iron, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and potassium.
Thus, nutrients are required for normal body functioning.

Question 3

Getting Ready for Exercise
Imagine that you're a 21-year-old woman who has never been involved in any kind of sport, but suddenly you have become interested in playing rugby, a very demanding contact sport. If you are to play well with only minor injuries, you must get into condition. Describe the changes you should make in your daily diet and exercise program to prepare for this new experience.

Answer 3

In order to prepare for this new experience one requires a change in daily diet and exercise plan. One needs to add extra calories to diet and increase the carbohydrates intake. Proteins also form an important part of diet as they help in the fast repairing of tissue. Vitamins and Minerals intake are equally important. A strict daily exercise plan is needed where one must consume very good amount of water to avoid any dehydration or thicken of blood. Training helps increase muscle strength, practice makes a man perfect so a practiced movement is smooth and much more energy efficient than an untrained motion.

Question 4

The rate at which the body uses energy when at rest is called its
a. basal metabolic rate.
b. basal metabolic index.
c. specific dynamic action.
d. work.

Question 5

What is the difference between digestion and assimilation?

Question 6

A body mass index between 25 and 30 kg/m 2 indicates that a person is
a. within a normal range.
b. obese.
c. overweight.
d. extremely active.

Question 7

How is the energy content of food measured?

Question 8

Some complex carbohydrates are a source of _____________, which slows the absorption of nutrients and stimulate peristalsis (rhythmic contractions) in the intestinal tract.
a. fiber
b. vitamins
c. minerals
d. lipids

Question 9

Why are some nutrients referred to as essential ? Name them.

Question 10

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are called __________ because they cannot be synthesized by the human body and, therefore, must be a part of the diet.
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. essential fatty acids
d. B-complex vitamins

Question 11

List the six main classes of nutrients as described by nutritionists. Describe the chemical nature of each and give one function of each class of nutrient.

Question 12

Inorganic elements, found throughout nature, that cannot be synthesized by the body are called
a. vitamins.
b. essential amino acids.
c. electrolytes.
d. minerals.

Question 13

How much of each of the following nutrients should you get each day: iron, calcium, protein, and fiber?

Question 14

When proteins are conserved and carbohydrates and fats are oxidized first as a source of ATP energy, the body is involved in

A) protein-sparing.
B) specific dynamic action.
C) absorption.
D) dieting.

Question 15

Name the six basic food groups and give two examples of each.

Question 16

Information on the amounts of certain nutrients various members of the public should receive is contained in

A) the Food Guide Pyramid.
B) the Protein-Sparing Guide.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) the Dietary Reference Intakes.

Question 17

Why has exercise been included in the Food Guide Pyramid?

Question 18

A person with __________ has a cycle of eating binges followed by purging of the body of the food by inducing vomiting or using laxatives.

A) bulimia
B) anorexia nervosa
C) obesity
D) kwashiorkor

Question 19

Define the terms basal metabolic rate, specific dynamic action, and voluntary muscular activity.

Question 20

The use of alcohol during pregnancy can result in decreased nutrient exchange between the mother and fetus, as well as other developmental abnormalities called

A) osteoporosis.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
C) bulimia.
D) fetal deficiency disease.

Question 21

What is BMI? How is it calculated?

Question 22

Eating large amounts of protein is required to build large muscles.

Question 23

What are the three primary eating disorders?

Question 24

Which of the following categories of people would be affected the most by a shortage of protein in their diet?

A) athletes
B) children
C) people in old age
D) adult men

Question 25

What is the role of leptin in controlling appetite?

Question 26

Items in the grain food group are important because they supply

A) carbohydrates.
B) vitamins.
C) fiber.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 27

During which phase of the life cycle is a person's demand for Calories per unit of body weight the highest?

Question 28

Which food group provides protein, calcium, and vitamin D in the diet?

A) meat and beans
B) fruit
C) vegetables
D) milk

Question 29

What changes need to be made to the diet of the elderly?

Question 30

For most persons who exercise, the most important nutrient is

A) carbohydrates.
B) protein.
C) fats.
D) water.

Question 31

What changes should be made in the diet of pregnant and nursing mothers?

Question 32

How do anaerobic and aerobic exercise differ?

Question 33

Describe what metabolic changes take place during prolonged exercise.

Question 34

What is carbohydrate loading?

Question 35

Describe the importance of water, carbohydrate, and protein in the diet of a typical healthy active person.