Deck 12: Late Adulthood

Question 1

In Asian cultures, the tradition of filial piety is ____.

A) obedience and respect to parents, no matter how old they are
B) honour and trust to everyone in the family
C) loyalty to the laws and codes of society
D) commitment to one's family and their village

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In what country is there a 'Respect for the Aged Day', which is a national holiday?

A) The United States
B) Japan
C) The Netherlands
D) Greece

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What subcategory of late adulthood includes individuals who are 85 years of age and older?

A) Old-old
B) Older-old
C) octo-old
D) oldest-old

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Increased social welfare and health entitlements during the 1960s and 1970s have now made older adults ____.

A) independent and powerful
B) dependent on social programs
C) the wealthiest segment of developed countries
D) the least wealthy segment of developed countries

Question 5

What concept signifies the actual competence and performance of older adults?

A) Functional age
B) Chronological age
C) Competency age
D) Geriatric age

Question 6

If an older adult is 82 years old, what developmental group would he or she be in?

A) Young-old group
B) Old-old group
C) Middle-old group
D) Oldest-old group

Question 7

The stage of late adulthood begins at age ____.

A) 55
B) 60
C) 65
D) 70

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Japanese ritual of kanreki? It celebrates a person's

A) retirement from work and marks a time of leisure and rest.
B) 60th birthday and their transition into the respected status of an elder.
C) movement into young adulthood and marks a time of personal and social responsibility.
D) graduation from university and their transition into the workforce as a productive member of society.

Question 9

Aoi is Japanese and just turned 60 years old, the celebration that his family will have to mark the occasion is referred to as _____.

A) tomoko
B) kanreki
C) yoko
D) ayaka

Question 10

Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having difficulty with bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping and paying bills. Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her. During the interview with the nursing care provider, the nurse asks what your great-grandmother's major concerns are. What would you tell the nurse?

A) Activities of daily living
B) Self-care activities
C) Grooming behaviour
D) Adult activities

Question 11

The practice that no matter how old children are, they owe obedience and respect to their parents, no matter how old the parents are, is referred to as _____.

A) Momma love
B) Children imperative
C) Parental positive regard
D) Filial piety

Question 12

Individuals in late adulthood are more likely to have high status in cultures where _____.

A) older adults are quite virile
B) extended families are common
C) older adult men have very young wives
D) older adult women are the head of the families

Question 13

What is the most likely reason that older adults are portrayed positively in advertisements?

A) They have increasing economic power.
B) Most have depression, and the positive advertisements lift their spirits.
C) Advertisers feel bad that older people need the products that are advertised.
D) Older adults' children usually have to help with their parents' finances, but seeing positive advertisements makes it easier to get parent and child on board with the product or service.

Question 14

You are speaking with your 67-year-old grandfather, who is jokingly telling you that he is about as old as one can get. Remembering your developmental class, what do you know about his age in reference to the lifespan? He is actually in the ____.

A) young-old group
B) old-old group
C) middle-old group
D) oldest-old group

Question 15

If an older adult is 92 years old, what developmental group would he or she be in?

A) Young-old group
B) Old-old group
C) Middle-old group
D) Oldest-old group

Question 16

What percentage of Australians over 85 is impaired enough in their activities of daily living (ADL) capacities to be institutionalised in a nursing home or other facility?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 17

When older adults are shown on television they are more likely to be portrayed _____.

A) positively
B) fairly neutrally
C) negatively
D) as incompetent

Question 18

Your roommate was talking about how after the academic year he is going back to Japan. His grandfather is turning 60 years old and they have a ritual that symbolises the person's freedom from previous responsibilities and elevates the individual to a new and respected status as an elder. What is the name of this ritual?

A) Kanreki
B) Sensei
C) Koto
D) Utsubo

Question 19

Developmental psychologists define the beginning of late adulthood as beginning at what age?

A) 55 years
B) 60 years
C) 65 years
D) 70 years

Question 20

A developmental psychologist and demographer would describe an individual who is 85 years or older as ____.

A) young-old
B) old-old
C) oldest-old
D) older-old

Question 21

Your grandmother has quite a bit of grey hair. She told you that she first started getting grey hair when she was 52 and it keeps getting greyer each year. What is happening that her hair is getting grey?

A) Grey pigments occur more frequently in older adults.
B) The hair becomes more transparent in old age.
C) Stress creates more grey pigment to appear in older adults.
D) Most people experience loss of pigment that provides hair colour.

Question 22

What is the ratio of the number of persons aged 65 years or older to the number of persons aged 20 to 64 years (number of persons aged 65 years or older/number of persons 20 to 64 x 100) referred to as?

A) Medicare ratio
B) Old-age dependency ratio
C) Older-adult-to-younger-adult ratio
D) Social Security ratio

Question 23

The number of persons aged 65 or older, divided by the number of persons age 20-64, times 100 is known as the _____.

A) young adulthood as compared to ageing adults ratio (YACA)
B) old-age comparison to youthfulness ratio (OACY)
C) age of retirement compared to the age of productivity ratio (ARCAP)
D) old-age dependency ratio (OADR)

Question 24

Your grandfather is joking that there are going to be more people over 60 years of age than there will be people under 15 soon. He says that there will not be enough people working to cover the costs of Social Security. By what year will people over 60 years of age outnumber those under age 15?

A) 2020
B) 2030
C) 2040
D) 2050

Question 25

On the skin, many people develop 'age spots', or pools of dark pigment. Age spots are due to the accumulation of _____.

A) decades of exposure to the sun
B) an overabundance of calcium
C) low levels of iron
D) undue stress and anxiety

Question 26

In which of the following countries is the ratio of older adults to non-older adults going to be the highest in 2050?

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) United States
D) China

Question 27

Your grandmother is 87 years old and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women. She told you that it is rare to see a man over age 85. Is she correct? Yes, past age 85 years of age, for every 100 men there are ____.

A) 678 women
B) 452 women
C) 192 women
D) 113 women

Question 28

Around the world, about how much longer will women at age 65 live longer than men?

A) 5 additional years
B) 10 additional years
C) 15 additional years
D) 20 additional years

Question 29

____ is the inevitable biological ageing that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

A) Tertiary ageing; vertical ageing
B) Vertical ageing; tertiary ageing
C) Primary ageing; secondary ageing
D) Secondary ageing; primary ageing

Question 30

The decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution, is referred to as _________.

A) primary ageing
B) tertiary ageing
C) lateral ageing
D) secondary ageing

Question 31

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is calculated as the number of people who are _____.

A) age 65 years or older, divided by the number of people age 20 to 64, times 100
B) age 20 to 64 years old, divided by the number of people age 65 or older, times 100
C) age 55 years or older, multiplied by the number of people age 18 or older, times 50
D) age 55 years or older, added to the number of people age 21 or older, times 50

Question 32

What is the OADR in Japan?

A) 26%
B) 36%
C) 46%
D) 56%

Question 33

Countries that have a birth rate that is below 2.1 children per woman _____.

A) will see a decline in their total population
B) will see an increase in their total population
C) will see a levelling off in their total population
D) are unable to predict population values

Question 34

What is the term that is used to describe the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution?

A) Primary ageing
B) Secondary ageing
C) Tertiary ageing
D) Quaternary ageing

Question 35

The following description is of an individual in the early stages of ____. 'The hair continues to become greyer and thinner in both men and women. Bones continue to thin, especially in women, which contributes to a stooped posture.'

A) Early adulthood
B) Young adulthood
C) Mid-adulthood
D) Late adulthood

Question 36

The inevitable biological ageing that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, is referred to as _________.

A) primary ageing
B) secondary ageing
C) lateral ageing
D) tertiary ageing

Question 37

On what continent is the current life expectancy the lowest?

A) North America
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Australia

Question 38

The hair continues to become greyer and thinner in both men and women as they age. Actually, it is not that hair turns grey or white, but that it loses the pigments that had previously made it appear to be other colours. During what stage of life is this loss of pigment the most profound?

A) Early adulthood
B) Young adulthood
C) Mid-adulthood
D) Late adulthood

Question 39

What is the term that is used to describe the inevitable biological ageing that takes place in all members of the human species?

A) Primary ageing
B) Secondary ageing
C) Tertiary ageing
D) Quaternary ageing

Question 40

In developed countries, what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?

A) 5 to 15 additional years
B) 15 to 25 additional years
C) 25 to 35 additional years
D) 35 to 45 additional years

Question 41

What is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?

A) Macular degeneration
B) Cataracts
C) Glaucoma
D) Retinosis pigmentosa

Question 42

What percentage of Australians over age 65 years have lost all of their natural teeth?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 34%

Question 43

Primary ageing is the main cause, but what increases the risk of macular degeneration?

A) Uncorrected vision
B) Lack of exercise
C) Eating fish and green leafy vegetables
D) Smoking

Question 44

By their late 70s, roughly what percentage of older individuals reports some degree of hearing impairment?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Question 45

When teeth lose their enamel and become yellower due to the accumulated effects of food, tea, coffee and tobacco, what type of ageing is occurring?

A) Primary ageing
B) Secondary ageing
C) Tertiary ageing
D) Vertical ageing

Question 46

What are age-related changes that occur due to the accumulation of decades of exposure to the sun, and are most likely to develop on light-skinned persons and on the part of the bodies that receive the most sun exposure: the face, arms and hands?

A) Melanoma
B) Age spots
C) Sun tan
D) Age-related pigmentosa

Question 47

What is a condition in which there is a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy, opaque and distorted?

A) Macular degeneration
B) Cataracts
C) Glaucoma
D) Retinosis pigmentosa

Question 48

Your neighbour is quite upset. She is 82 years old and has been having some serious vision problems. You have suggested quite a few times that she needs to see her doctor. She finally went and she was told that she has cataracts. She feels like she is the only one her age that has this problem. What could you tell her regarding what percentage of adults her age has cataracts?

A) 90%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 30%

Question 49

What condition occurs as a result of a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy, opaque and distorted?

A) A cataract
B) Macular degeneration
C) Glaucoma
D) Tinnitus

Question 50

Loss of bone mass is considered ____.

A) primary ageing
B) secondary ageing
C) tertiary ageing
D) vertical ageing

Question 51

Your 172 centimetre-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 188 cm. All of the other males in your family average about 178 cm tall. Is he telling the truth about his original height? No, men lose height after 60, but are usually about ____.

A) 1.5 centimetre
B) 2 centimetre
C) 4 centimetre
D) 7 centimetre

Question 52

What difficulty can affect older adult vision, in which there is a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy and distorted?

A) Glaucoma
B) Cataracts
C) Macular degeneration
D) Retinopathy

Question 53

What percentage of persons over 85 years old reports that their visual problems are serious enough to interfere with their daily lives?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 54

Body weight decline, mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger, is considered ____.

A) primary ageing
B) secondary ageing
C) tertiary ageing
D) vertical ageing

Question 55

In some people, fluid builds up in the eye and the pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to loss of peripheral vision. What is the name of this condition?

A) Glaucoma
B) A cataract
C) Tetanus
D) Macular degeneration

Question 56

According to the textbook, about what percentage of adults over 90 years of age have glaucoma?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 57

In what condition is there a loss of clarity in the centre of the visual field?

A) Glaucoma
B) A cataract
C) Tetanus
D) Macular degeneration

Question 58

What percentage of older adults aged 75 years of age and older develops macular degeneration?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 59

What condition involves hearing a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source?

A) Tinnitus
B) Glaucoma
C) A cataract
D) Macular degeneration

Question 60

Cataracts can be treated with surgery that ____.

A) replaces affected lenses with artificial lenses
B) depressurising the eyes
C) reshapes the cornea
D) replaces the rods and cones of the retina

Question 61

____ is a sleep disorder in which breathing actually stops for 10 seconds or more numerous times in the course of a typical night, as the air passage to the lungs closes, resulting in a sudden loud snore as the airway opens again and the sleeper awakens.

A) Sleep apnoea
B) Narcolepsy
C) Insomnia
D) Sleepwalking

Question 62

Because conversations are strenuous and stressful when a person experiences hearing loss, loss of hearing can lead to ____.

A) presbycusis
B) social withdrawal
C) thinning cilia
D) tinnitus

Question 63

Sleep apnoea is _____.

A) substantially more common in men than among women
B) substantially more common in women than among men
C) slightly more common in men than among women
D) slightly more common in women than among men

Question 64

In one study comparing adults over age 65 to younger adults, most of the older adults and virtually none of the younger adults described themselves as feeling healthiest and most alert ____.

A) 'definitely late at night'
B) 'definitely midday'
C) 'definitely evenings'
D) 'definitely mornings'

Question 65

What percentage of adults over the age of 80 years has impairments in taste and smell?

A) 80%
B) 60%
C) 40%
D) 20%

Question 66

Other than natural ageing, which of the following are other known factors to increase the risk for hearing loss?

A) Smoking cigarettes
B) Excess of calcium
C) Exposure to sun
D) Sleep deprivation

Question 67

In adulthood, the prevalence of sleep problems begins to increase around age ____ years, but increases substantially again after age ____ years.

A) 10; 30
B) 20; 40
C) 40; 60
D) 60; 80

Question 68

Impairments in taste and smell in older adults can sometimes lead to _____.

A) obesity
B) alcoholism
C) malnutrition
D) excessive gum chewing

Question 69

After age 60 years, the olfactory bulbs in the brain begin to _____.

A) enlarge
B) shrivel
C) become cancerous
D) swell

Question 70

What has lessened the stigma associated with hearing aids?

A) They are less outwardly visible.
B) Celebrities use them.
C) They work so well.
D) They are a sign of maturity.

Question 71

Which of the following best describes sleep changes during late adulthood?

A) With age, most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime as well as an earlier wakeup time.
B) With age, most people come to prefer a later bedtime as well as a later wakeup time.
C) With age, most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime and a later wakeup time.
D) With age, most people come to prefer a later bedtime and an earlier wakeup time.

Question 72

You are talking to your grandmother and you keep hearing a noise that is a little irritating to you, but your grandmother does not seem to be bothered by it. Why?

A) She is good at ignoring irritating things.
B) It is a high-pitched noise, so she probably does not hear it.
C) It is a low-pitched noise, so she probably does not hear it.
D) She lip-reads and does not hear any noises.

Question 73

Your grandmother, who is a smoker and has a heart murmur, has hearing aids and does not like them because they seem to amplify all types of sounds rather than just the ones she has a difficult time hearing. What is one of the things she could have done to reduce hearing impairment?

A) Eat fish and green leafy vegetables.
B) Practice listening very carefully to conversations.
C) Stop smoking.
D) Turn down your mp3 player's volume.

Question 74

Which of the following are correlating factors to sleep apnoea?

A) Obesity and heavy alcohol use
B) Anaemia and high levels of stress
C) A hyperactive central nervous system and low calcium levels
D) High exposure to sun and iron deficiencies

Question 75

What is an especially common sleep problem of late adulthood, affecting more than half of persons over age 65 years?

A) Narcolepsy
B) Sleep apnoea
C) Insomnia
D) Snoring

Question 76

From middle adulthood to late adulthood, the amount of sleep people needs ____.

A) declines slightly
B) declines sharply
C) increases slightly
D) increases sharply

Question 77

People who hear a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source probably have _____.

A) macular degeneration
B) presbycusis
C) tinnitus
D) a chronic middle ear infection

Question 78

What type of sleep decreases with age?

A) Alpha stage
B) Stage 1
C) Stage 3
D) REM

Question 79

About ____ of adults over age 65 report some degree of impairment in taste and smell.

A) one-fourth
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths

Question 80

In late adulthood, the amount of time spent in Stage 1, the lightest sleep, ____, and time in the deepest sleep of Stage 4 and REM sleep ____.

A) increases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) remains the same; decreases
D) decreases; remains the same