Deck 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the most recent data on eating disorders?

A)Incidence of anorexia nervosa diagnoses have steadied while bulimia nervosa diagnoses are decreasing.
B)Eating disorders are yet to be found in developing countries where food is scarce.
C)Eating disorders are going global as prevalence in Eastern countries is approaching Western countries.
D)The data on eating disorders suggests they are the most prevalent psychological disorder.

Answer 1

Eating disorders are going global as prevalence in Eastern countries is approaching Western countries.

Question 2

Which type of therapy should be used as a first step for people who binge eat?

A)drug therapy
B)cognitive-behavioural therapy
C)self-help procedures
D)interpersonal therapy

Answer 2

self-help procedures

Question 3

What is most likely to cause people with bulimia NOT to seek treatment?

A)the fear of weight gain
B)the pride associated with efforts at weight loss
C)the denial of illness
D)the shame and secrecy

Answer 3

the shame and secrecy

Question 4

What do genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve?

A)a specific gene for each actual eating disorder
B)inherited, nonspecific personality traits that may make development of an eating disorder more likely
C)multiple genes interacting in ways not yet determined that directly produce eating disordered behaviour
D)recessive genes

Question 5

What role does perfectionism play in the development of eating disorders?

A)Perfectionism does not play a role.
B)Perfectionism is weakly associated with the development of eating disorders.
C)Perfectionism is the key psychological factor in the development of eating disorders.
D)Perfectionism only plays a role if the individual is also anxious.

Question 6

Jamie is a very competitive young woman from a high-achieving, wealthy family.She is very social and likes the fact that she is quite popular.She believes that her popularity is dependent on her weight and body shape.Amy has a boyfriend, but she worries that she may care more about their relationship than he does.Which of these features highlights the psychological characteristic that must be present for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa?

A)her successful and wealthy family status
B)her competitive nature
C)her belief that her boyfriend cares less about the relationship than she does
D)her belief that her weight and body shape influence her popularity

Question 7

According to Fairburn and Cooper (2014), which treatment protocol directed at causal factors common to all eating disorders was targeted in an integrated way?

A)cognitive-behavioural therapy-enhanced
B)behavioural therapy
C)cognitive-behavioural therapy
D)interpersonal therapy

Question 8

What was discovered when comparing young women with bulimia to age- and weight-matched healthy controls?

A)The young women with bulimia were more anxious than the matched controls.
B)The young women with bulimia were more impulsive than the matched controls.
C)The young women with bulimia were more competitive than the matched controls.
D)The young women with bulimia had more body fat than the matched controls.

Question 9

Which compensation technique can occur in individuals with bulimia nervosa, but is more characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A)self-induced vomiting
B)use of laxatives
C)use of diuretics
D)excessive exercise

Question 10

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food and has no ability to stop herself.She follows this habit with long periods of complete fasting.Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to happen?

A)Susan will be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder.
B)Susan will not be diagnosed with any disorder because she is of normal weight.
C)Susan will not be diagnosed with bulimia because she is not purging.
D)Susan will be diagnosed with bulimia.

Question 11

Dr.Cowan treats women with anorexia but also specializes in treating another disorder that commonly co-occurs with anorexia.What is that disorder most likely to be?

A)anxiety disorder
B)personality disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)depressive disorder

Question 12

Dr.Anderson runs a support group for people with anorexia nervosa in a large city.Currently there are 100 people in her group.About how many of Dr.Anderson's group members will die from the disorder?

A)2
B)5
C)20
D)40

Question 13

What is the definition of lanugo, a relatively common medical consequence of anorexia?

A)cessation of menstrual cycle
B)electrolyte imbalance
C)increased heart rate
D)downy hair on limbs

Question 14

Which factor most strongly contributes to the etiology of eating disorders?

A)developmental
B)biological
C)psychological
D)sociocultural

Question 15

Regarding bulimia nervosa, what was dropped from the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5?

A)specification of a psychological characteristic in the individual
B)the nonpurging subtype distinction
C)the time criteria of showing behaviours for three months
D)comorbid specifications

Question 16

In their cross-cultural study of eating disorders, Gupta and colleagues (2001) found that the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction did not differ between Canadian and Indian women.However, there were cultural differences.What were the cultural differences?

A)differences in compensatory practices after bingeing, such as purging
B)differences in the acceptability of eating disorders
C)differences in the areas of the body most related to body satisfaction
D)differences in the frequency of bingeing behaviour

Question 17

How many times more likely are the relatives of patients with eating disorders, compared to individuals in the general population, to develop eating disorders?

A)2 to 3 times more likely
B)3 to 4 times more likely
C)4 to 5 times more likely
D)5 to 6 times more likely

Question 18

What is the most obvious medical consequence of bulimia?

A)tooth erosion
B)chubby face
C)electrolyte imbalance
D)renal failure

Question 19

What percentage of Playboy centrefolds met the weight criteria for anorexia between 1979 and 1988?

A)45
B)57
C)69
D)84

Question 20

What is the hallmark symptom of bulimia nervosa?

A)eating a large amount of food
B)attempting to compensate
C)eating being out of control
D)eating more than 20,000 calories in one sitting

Question 21

What is the core feature of anorexia?

A)intentional weight loss reaching 15 percent less than expected body weight
B)rapid, intentional weight loss and the belief that more weight needs to be lost
C)an intense fear of obesity
D)food refusal

Question 22

Jeanie's doctor is attempting to determine which subtype of anorexia she has.Which time frame will her doctor consider for the diagnosis?

A)behaviours from the last three months symptoms of the disorder
B)behaviours from the last six months
C)behaviours from the last year
D)behaviours from the moment Jeanie displayed

Question 23

What is the most common medical complication of anorexia?

A)cessation of menstrual cycle
B)electrolyte imbalance
C)increased heart rate
D)downy hair on limbs

Question 24

Eating disorders were first recognized in which edition of the DSM as a separate entity in the context of psychological disorders?

A)DSM-III
B)DSM-IV
C)DSM-IV-TR
D)DSM-5

Question 25

What percentage of candidates of bariatric surgery have been reported to engage in binge eating behaviour?

A)20
B)30
C)50
D)80

Question 26

What do clinicians usually suggest is the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia, and the part of treatment where many anorexics are NOT successful?

A)admitting that there is a problem and agreeing to begin treatment
B)changing their attitudes regarding body and self-image
C)accepting counselling for their childhood traumas
D)initial weight gain

Question 27

Which emotion is often present in individuals who are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

A)shame
B)pride
C)anxiety
D)impulsivity

Question 28

According to Polivy and Herman, what does the "false hope syndrome" refer to?

A)an unrealistic belief that weight loss can be maintained
B)the goal to exercise excessively, which will help shed unwanted weight
C)the belief that losing weight will make one into a person that others admire and love
D)when initial success at losing weight is reinforced by others and it leads to unrealistic goals for further weight loss

Question 29

Which DSM-5 eating disorder involves a lack of interest in eating food, oversensitivity to certain aspects of food, or concerns about the consequences of eating?

A)anorexia restricting type
B)avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
C)eating disorder not otherwise specified
D)bulimia restricting type

Question 30

Which of the following is a key characteristic of people who typically develop eating disorders?

A)The come from socially disadvantaged environments.
B)They come from Eastern countries.
C)They are female.
D)They tend to be naturally slightly overweight.

Question 31

What is the approximate percentage of individuals with binge eating disorder that binge to alleviate "bad moods" or negative affect?

A)25
B)33
C)50
D)66

Question 32

Anne has anorexia nervosa and Julie has bulimia nervosa.What do both women have in common?

A)a desire to be beautiful
B)a desire to be adored and loved
C)an overwhelming urge to be thin
D)an aversion to eating

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a medical complication related to bulimia?

A)sudden death
B)electrolyte imbalance
C)renal failure
D)calluses on the fingers

Question 34

What would an early stage of cognitive-behavioural treatment for bulimia most likely involve?

A)inpatient treatment
B)family therapy
C)small, frequent meals
D)antidepressant medication

Question 35

What is the most significant feature of bulimia?

A)purging
B)overeating
C)overeating followed by an urge to vomit
D)binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour

Question 36

According to Forestell and colleagues (2004), what are undergraduate women most critical of when making evaluations of physical attractiveness?

A)women's body fat
B)women's overall weight
C)women's waist size
D)women's hip size

Question 37

When men are asked to identify the ideal male body, what do they typically select?

A)a body weight that is heavier than the weight females think is most attractive
B)a body weight that is the same as their own weight
C)a body weight that is lighter than the weight females think is most attractive
D)a body weight that is roughly 7 kilograms lighter than their own weight

Question 38

Although for several years a prominent theory held that eating disorders were a way of expressing depression, what does almost all evidence now indicate?

A)Depression follows bulimia and may be a reaction to it.
B)Depression may be a way of expressing displeasure with one's body.
C)Very few people with bulimia suffer from depression.
D)Depression precedes bulimia.

Question 39

George is 28 years old.He is obese, describes himself as a "compulsive overeater," and has a history of depression and unsuccessful attempts at weight loss.While George has repeated episodes of binge eating, he does not vomit afterwards.What condition does George most likely have?

A)binge-eating anorexia
B)an eating disorder not otherwise specified
C)bulimia, nonpurging type
D)binge-eating disorder

Question 40

What did Caroline Davis and colleagues (2004) find during their research on exercise in eating disorders?

A)Excessive exercise may be an early warning sign for anorexia nervosa development.
B)Approximately equal numbers of individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa use excessive exercise as a compensatory activity.
C)Excessive exercise is only a feature of individuals with comorbid anxiety and anorexia nervosa.
D)Activity level is correlated with the severity of the eating disorder.

Question 41

If given the choice between cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive-behavioural therapy-enhanced (CBT-E), behaviour therapy (BT), and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia for a friend, which would be the best choice based on current available research?

A)CBT-E is the best choice.
B)IPT is the best choice.
C)IPT or BT are both good choices.
D)CBT or CBT-E are both good choices.

Question 42

What was the outcome of a study that attempted to increase body-image satisfaction and reduce dieting for Grade 6 girls?

A)Changes were noted only in girls who were identified as being at high risk before the study.
B)Increased body-image satisfaction and reduced dieting attitudes were immediately noticed and maintained up until the next year.
C)Changes to increased body-image satisfaction were initially noted in the control group as well as the intervention group.
D)The initial increased body-image satisfaction and reduced dieting attitudes and benefits were not maintained one year after the intervention.

Question 43

Which young woman appears to be most at risk for developing an eating disorder?

A)Maya, whose parents are both constantly dieting
B)Jane, whose family is perfectionistic, successful, and eager to maintain harmony
C)Emily, whose parents recently divorced
D)Tess, whose family emphasizes achievement, support, and communication

Question 44

Negative attitudes towards weight have been seen as early as what age?

A)3 years of age
B)5 years of age
C)7 years of age
D)10 years of age

Question 45

Which of the following is the most serious medical consequence of bulimia?

A)potential tooth erosion
B)potential brain damage
C)potential electrolyte imbalance
D)potential intestinal disorders

Question 46

What is the long-term prognosis for people treated for anorexia or bulimia?

A)Both anorexia and bulimia patients typically make a full and long-term recovery after treatment.
B)Patients with anorexia who receive treatment tend to have a better prognosis than patients with bulimia.
C)Patients with bulimia tend to have a better prognosis than patients with anorexia.
D)Treatment for both types of eating disorders tends to work in the short term only.

Question 47

What has research indicated regarding the effectiveness of drug treatments for adult patients with anorexia nervosa?

A)Anti-anxiety medications have found to be effective.
B)Medications have not been found to be effective.
C)Antidepressants have found to be effective.
D)Antipsychotic medications have been found to be effective.

Question 48

In their twin study of eating disorders, what did Livesley and colleagues (2005) find to have a partial genetic component?

A)concern with external appearances
B)body dissatisfaction and dieting tendencies
C)purging and concern for overeating
D)distorted body image

Question 49

Which of the following is an important aspect of the cognitive-behavioural approach to the treatment of bulimia?

A)changing the type and frequency of reinforcement associated with being an identified patient
B)ending the "false hope syndrome"
C)changing the patient's dysfunctional thoughts and attitudes about body shape, weight, and eating
D)helping the patient's family learn new ways of interacting with each other and with the patient

Question 50

Which males are most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia?

A)those who are depressed
B)those who are overweight
C)those who are homosexual or bisexual
D)those who are single and heterosexual

Question 51

Levine and Smolak (1996) coined which phrase to refer to the way women are portrayed in magazines and on television?

A)the slenderness effect
B)the glorification of slenderness
C)the model phenomenon
D)the Playboy effect

Question 52

Shannon is not concerned about her appearance, but she restricts her food intake because she has no interest in eating food, is oversensitive to the taste of food, and is concerned about choking every time she eats.Based on these symptoms what disorder does Shannon likely have?

A)anorexia restricting type
B)avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
C)eating disorder not otherwise specified
D)bulimia restricting type

Question 53

Although there are cross-cultural differences in eating disorders, research suggests that the major risk factors for eating disorders include being overweight, acculturating to the Western majority, and which of the following?

A)poor body image
B)being in a higher social class
C)country of origin
D)cultural preference

Question 54

Amanda loses control when she eats and consumes great quantities of food, but she does not engage in any attempts to compensate for her excess food intake.What condition does Amanda appear to have?

A)binge-eating anorexia
B)an eating disorder not otherwise specified
C)bulimia, nonpurging type
D)binge-eating disorder

Question 55

Sheena is at her doctor for a physical and will be weighed as a part of her appointment.As Sheena has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, what will her weight likely be?

A)within 10 percent of her normal weight
B)within 15 percent of her normal weight
C)within 20 percent of her normal weight
D)within 25 percent of her normal weight

Question 56

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl you know.What would you have to know to determine whether she has binge eating disorder?

A)the situations under which she eats a great deal
B)whether she is eating mostly junk foods or mostly healthy foods
C)the caloric intake of the foods
D)whether her eating habits are out of her control

Question 57

Because patients with anorexia nervosa are often difficult to treat, which of the following does research suggest is an important area of assessment?

A)their readiness to change
B)their willpower
C)their anxiety over becoming obese
D)their negative expectations about change

Question 58

Morgan has an intense fear of being overweight.Although she talks a lot about food, she hardly eats.She also sees herself as "fat," even though her doctor says she is 20 percent underweight for her height, age, and bone structure.Morgan exercises excessively and obsessively diets, despite being seven kilograms lighter than her original dieting goal.What condition does Morgan most likely have?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)binge-eating bulimia
C)nonpurging anorexia
D)bulimia nervosa

Question 59

Mandy has activity anorexia.What does Mandy do on a daily basis?

A)She restricts food except for meals with family members to keep up an illusion that she does not have a problem.
B)She uses excessive physical activity to take away the desire to eat food.
C)She uses excessive physical activity to decrease the metabolic rate, resulting in abnormal weight loss.
D)She uses excessive physical activity to relieve feelings of hunger.

Question 60

Jessica is 13 years old and has begun a cycle of binging and purging.Her doctor is so concerned that he has prescribed a medication for her that has been shown to help other people with eating disorders.What medication did he prescribe?

A)a placebo
B)an antidepressant
C)a benzodiazepine
D)Ritalin

Question 61

How many times higher is the risk of anorexia-related suicide than death from suicide in the general population?

A)5 times higher
B)10 times higher
C)25 times higher
D)50 times higher

Question 62

Mike and George met recently and discovered they both have binge-eating disorder.Where did they most likely meet?

A)at the gym
B)at the pool
C)at a weight loss support group
D)at a weight room

Question 63

What appears to be the role of biology in the development of bulimia and/or anorexia?

A)Biology does not play a role.
B)Biology plays a limited role.
C)Biology plays a significant role.
D)Biology plays a much stronger role than environment.

Question 64

The textbook has identified two subtypes of anorexia nervosa.Which of the following occurs in the "restricting type"?

A)Individuals do not limit caloric intake but engage in excessive exercising and fitness regimes.
B)Individuals diet to limit calorie intake.
C)Individuals use purging and limit calorie intake.
D)Individuals rely on purging.

Question 65

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." What does this mean?

A)People are fed up with being told how they should look.
B)People have become too dependent on media determinations of beauty.
C)Media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.
D)Dieting has become a fad that has been taken to an extreme.

Question 66

Which disorder is common for individuals with binge eating disorder to cross over to?

A)bulimia
B)anorexia binge-eating/purging type
C)anorexia restricting type
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 67

Professor Denefeld is lecturing to his class about eating disorders.He provides a list of statistics concerning eating disorders but believes one of the statistics is inaccurate.Which statement does NOT accurately describe eating disorders?

A)The onset of bulimia is typically later in adolescence compared to anorexia.
B)Anorexia is more resistant to treatment than bulimia.
C)The prevalence of eating disorders seems to be highest in urban areas.
D)Bulimia tends to resolve on its own when left untreated.

Question 68

How can we tell that the media's message to be thin is aimed clearly at women?

A)in the fact that overweight men are two to five times more common as television characters than are overweight women
B)in the fact that there are relatively few "physical appearance" competitions for men
C)in the fact that there are significantly more thin women in popular magazines than thin men
D)in the fact that most men prefer to date thin women

Question 69

When did Canada see the first documented case of anorexia nervosa?

A)1872
B)1895
C)1920
D)1970

Question 70

Melissa is a counsellor and runs a support group for women with bulimia who are receiving inpatient treatment at a psychiatric facility.What percentage of women in her support group are likely to also have an anxiety disorder, such as social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder?

A)15
B)25
C)50
D)75

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a feature of anorexia nervosa?

A)intense fear of obesity
B)relentless pursuit of thinness
C)satisfaction with any weight loss
D)marked disturbance in body image

Question 72

Which statement best describes the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural treatment for bulimia?

A)Cognitive-behavioural therapy is not effective in the short or long term.
B)Cognitive-behavioural therapy is effective in the short term but not the long term.
C)Cognitive-behavioural therapy is effective in the long term but not the short term.
D)Cognitive-behavioural therapy is effective in the short and long term.

Question 73

What two factors did Garfinkel and colleagues (1996) find that differ between people with bulimia who purge and those with bulimia who do not purge?

A)the age of onset and the existence of comorbid psychological disorders
B)the average weight of the person and the age of onset
C)the socioeconomic class of the individual and comorbid psychological disorders
D)the male to female ratio and the age of onset

Question 74

Alissa has bulimia.She asked her doctor whether there are any medications that she can take to help her manage the disorder.What was most likely her doctor's response?

A)Antidepressants can be effective.
B)Benzodiazepine can be effective.
C)Antipsychotic medications can be effective.
D)Medications have not been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia.

Question 75

Which statement best explains the increase in the incidence of anorexia and bulimia over the past 30 years?

A)Pharmaceutical companies have expanded their marketing of laxatives and diuretics.
B)Today's standards are increasingly difficult to achieve because the size and weight of the average woman has increased.
C)There have been concurrent increases in the rate of depression.
D)There has been an increase in weight loss programs and fad diets.

Question 76

In their review of prevention programs for young adolescent girls, what did Stice and colleagues (1997) find to be one of the most likely factors for predicting success in preventing eating disorders?

A)changing negative and dysfunctional attitudes about food and eating
B)increasing self-esteem
C)eliminating an exaggerated focus on body shape or weight
D)decreasing levels of competitiveness

Question 77

What does research suggest as a reason why dieting causes weight gain?

A)People tend not to be aware of appropriate dieting strategies.
B)Repeated cycles of dieting seem to produce stress-related withdrawal symptoms in the brain.
C)Limiting and controlling food is too difficult for most people.
D)Individuals are unaware of how many calories are in the foods they ingest.

Question 78

Dr.Mukherjee conducts research on eating disorders.Which of the following will be typical of participants in Dr.Mukherjee's research?

A)female and lower intelligence
B)female and socially competitive
C)male and socially competitive
D)male and higher intelligence

Question 79

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia for the past two months.Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height.What does the fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment mean?

A)It means she is probably in need of little, if any, further treatment.
B)It means her prognosis for a full recovery is very good.
C)It means little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.
D)It means she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment.

Question 80

According to research by Smith and colleagues (1992), Agras and colleagues (1997), and others, which of the following is critical to sustaining weight loss in obese patients?

A)increasing self-esteem
B)using antidepressants
C)starting a regular exercise program
D)stopping binge eating