Deck 16: The Digestive System

Question 1

Salivary amylase functions to digest

A) proteins.
B) lipids.
C) cellulose.
D) nucleic acids.
E) carbohydrates.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The layer of the digestive wall immediately beneath the epithelium is the

A) lamina propria.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) serosa.
E) adventitia

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The mucous epithelium is a component of the

A) serosa.
B) muscularis.
C) submucosa.
D) mucosa.
E) adventitia.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called

A) ingestion.
B) mechanical digestion.
C) compaction.
D) absorption.
E) all of the above

Question 5

The teeth best adapted for biting off relatively large pieces of food are the

A) incisors.
B) cuspids.
C) bicuspids.
D) molars.
E) none of the above

Question 6

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five

Question 7

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) spleen
D) colon
E) esophagus

Question 8

The root of a tooth is covered with

A) dentin.
B) enamel.
C) cementum.
D) gingiva.
E) blood vessels and nerves.

Question 9

The largest of the salivary glands is(are) the

A) sublingual glands.
B) submaxillary glands.
C) parotid glands.
D) pancreas.
E) none of the above

Question 10

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their proper position.

A) serosa
B) adventitia
C) mesenteries
D) fibrosa
E) muscularis

Question 11

The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) cuboidal epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) simple epithelium.
E) simple columnar epithelium.

Question 12

Teeth used to bite off the tips of food are the

A) cuspids.
B) bicuspids.
C) canines.
D) molars.
E) incisors.

Question 13

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in the

A) anal canal.
B) esophagus.
C) oral cavity.
D) oropharynx.
E) all of the above

Question 14

The salivary glands that produce secretions rich in salivary amylase are the

A) sublingual glands.
B) submandibular glands.
C) lingual glands.
D) parotid glands.
E) submaxillary glands.

Question 15

Chewing is called

A) segmentation.
B) pendulum movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) churning movements.
E) mastication.

Question 16

The enzyme amylase helps to digest

A) proteins.
B) complex carbohydrates.
C) fats.
D) lipids.
E) nucleic acids.

Question 17

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) ileum.

Question 18

Ingestion refers to the

A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B) input of food into the digestive tract.
C) chemical breakdown of food.
D) absorption of nutrients in the gut.
E) mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes.

Question 19

Contraction of the ________ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves food through its length.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) serosa
D) muscularis
E) adventitia

Question 20

The muscularis layer contains nerves referred to as the

A) muscularis nerves.
B) submucosal plexus.
C) enteric nerves.
D) myenteric plexus.
E) all of the above

Question 21

The enzyme amylase digests

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) lipids.
D) nucleic acids.
E) vitamins.

Question 22

The ________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or chopping.

A) wisdom teeth
B) incisors
C) bicuspids
D) cuspids
E) molars

Question 23

The root of a tooth is anchored by

A) enamel.
B) periodontal ligaments.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) the root canal.

Question 24

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the

A) vestibule.
B) palate.
C) gingival.
D) tongue.
E) pharynx.

Question 25

What is worn away if someone has a "cavity"?

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 26

Parietal cells secrete

A) pepsin.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) all of the above

Question 27

The space between the tongue and the teeth is called the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) vestibule.
E) cheek.

Question 28

The ________ gland empties into the upper regions of the oral cavity.

A) submaxillary
B) submandibular
C) parotid
D) sublingual
E) vestibular

Question 29

The main part of the stomach is called the

A) fundus.
B) pylorus.
C) cardia.
D) body.
E) all of the above

Question 30

Functions of the stomach include

A) storage of recently ingested food.
B) mechanical breakdown of food.
C) denaturation of proteins.
D) initiation of protein digestion.
E) all of the above

Question 31

Functions of the tongue include

A) mechanical processing of food.
B) manipulation of food.
C) sensory analysis of food.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 32

The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for grinding.

A) molars
B) cuspids
C) eyeteeth
D) canines
E) bicuspids

Question 33

Chief cells secrete

A) pepsinogen.
B) gastrin.
C) mucus.
D) hydrochloric acid.
E) intrinsic factor.

Question 34

The first place mechanical digestion takes place is the

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) pancreas.
E) small intestine.

Question 35

Gastrin causes

A) inhibition of HCl secretion.
B) increases in the secretion of gastric glands.
C) the change of pepsin into pepsinogen..
D) the upper esophageal sphincter to open.
E) all of the above

Question 36

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

A) result in the production of more viscous saliva.
B) impair the lubricating properties of saliva.
C) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
D) eliminate the sense of taste.
E) all of the above

Question 37

The first place in which chemical digestion takes place is the

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.
E) large intestine.

Question 38

The ________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding.

A) incisors
B) bicuspids
C) wisdom teeth
D) cuspids
E) molars

Question 39

Secretions from the salivary glands

A) are mostly digestive enzymes.
B) help to control bacterial populations in the mouth.
C) help to lubricate the oral cavity and its contents.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above

Question 40

The portion of a tooth that is similar to bone and is living tissue is

A) enamel.
B) cementum.
C) dentin.
D) pulp.
E) periodontium.

Question 41

Modification of the submucosa of the small intestine that allow for expansion of the organ are the

A) flat surfaces.
B) mucus glands.
C) ciliated columnar cells.
D) plicae.
E) muscularis smooth muscle.

Question 42

Sections of muscular contractions that mix the contents of the small intestine are called

A) segmentations.
B) pendulum movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) churning movements.
E) mastications.

Question 43

The portion of the stomach that lies in contact with the diaphragm is the

A) cardia.
B) pylorus.
C) fundus.
D) antrum.
E) body.

Question 44

Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of

A) fats and protein in the duodenum.
B) acid in the stomach.
C) protein in the stomach.
D) fats in the stomach.
E) acid in the duodenum.

Question 45

In visceral smooth muscle,

A) the cells are linearly arranged as long fibers.
B) adjacent cells are connected by synapses.
C) when one muscle cell contracts, the contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue.
D) contraction can only be stimulated by neurotransmitters.
E) all of the above

Question 46

The portion of the small intestine that performs most absorption is the

A) ileum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) pylorus.
E) cecum.

Question 47

Plicae and intestinal villi

A) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
B) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
C) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) secrete digestive enzymes.
E) produce hormones.

Question 48

The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the

A) ileum.
B) colon.
C) cecum.
D) jejunum.
E) duodenum.

Question 49

Intestinal enteroendocrine cells

A) secrete chemicals that control other digestive organs.
B) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
C) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
D) function in the absorption of nutrients.
E) secrete a watery intestinal juice.

Question 50

Rugae are

A) submucosal ridges in the stomach.
B) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C) pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells.
D) located in the esophagus.
E) areas where proteins are digested.

Question 51

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by

A) the sight, thought, or smell of food.
B) the entry of food into the stomach.
C) the entry of chyme into the small intestine.
D) the entry of chyme into the large intestine.
E) the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 52

Gastrin is released in response to

A) proteins, alcohol, and caffeine.
B) parasympathetic innervation.
C) the sight of food.
D) the smell of food.
E) chyme entering the esophagus.

Question 53

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

A) the stomach responds to distention.
B) secretin inhibits parietal and chief cell action.
C) there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
D) the intestine reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
E) production of gastric juice slows down.

Question 54

The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the

A) body.
B) antrum.
C) pylorus.
D) cardia.
E) fundus.

Question 55

Which of the following foods will spend the most time in the stomach?

A) rice
B) pasta
C) salad
D) steak
E) cake

Question 56

The largest section of the stomach is the

A) antrum.
B) fundus.
C) body.
D) cardia.
E) pylorus.

Question 57

Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by

A) plicae.
B) villi.
C) microvilli.
D) intestinal movements.
E) all of the above

Question 58

Which of the following is a function of HCl in the stomach?

A) denaturing proteins
B) destroying bacteria
C) activating pepsinogen
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 59

The lesser omentum is

A) a major portion of the stomach.
B) attached to the stomach at the greater curvature.
C) important in the digestion of fats.
D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E) a sheet of connective tissue that attaches the stomach to the liver and pancreas.

Question 60

Persons who have undergone a total gastrectomy can survive because the stomach's only absolutely vital function is

A) absorption of nutrients.
B) secretion of amylase.
C) secretion of intrinsic factor.
D) digestion of proteins.
E) water absorption.

Question 61

Which of the following NEVER comes in physical contact with ingested food?

A) tongue
B) esophageal wall
C) HCl
D) pancreatic wall
E) small intestinal wall

Question 62

In the center of a liver lobule there is a

A) hepatic duct.
B) portal area.
C) capillary bed.
D) central vein.
E) portal vein.

Question 63

The basic functional units of the liver are the

A) hepatocytes.
B) liver cells.
C) lobules.
D) portal areas.
E) bile canaliculi.

Question 64

A characteristic common of all protein-digesting enzymes is

A) secretion by the pancreas.
B) activation by HCl.
C) secretion in an inactive form.
D) stimulation by enterokinase.
E) none of the above

Question 65

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates radiating outward from a central vein.

A) Portal cells
B) Hepatocytes
C) Bile canaliculi
D) Bile ducts
E) Hepatic ducts

Question 66

The hormone secretin functions to

A) convert trypsinogen into trypsin.
B) activate chymotrypsin.
C) stimulate the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas.
D) stimulate the release of enzymes from the pancreas.
E) all of the above

Question 67

An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides is

A) lipase.
B) amylase.
C) nuclease.
D) maltase.
E) trypsin.

Question 68

Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the intestine would result in

A) decreased motility.
B) decreased secretion.
C) decreased sensitivity of local reflexes.
D) decreased segmentation.
E) none of the above

Question 69

Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with

A) protein digestion.
B) fat digestion.
C) digestion of disaccharides.
D) digestion of complex carbohydrates.
E) digestion of vitamins.

Question 70

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gall bladder to release bile is

A) enterokinase.
B) secretin.
C) cholecystokinin
D) GIP.
E) gastrin.

Question 71

The liver functions to

A) form glucose from noncarbohydrates.
B) store vitamins.
C) destroy damaged RBC.
D) produce bile.
E) all of the above

Question 72

Which of the following stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas?

A) GIP
B) CCK
C) secretin
D) gastrin
E) pepsin

Question 73

Bile salts are responsible for the digestion and absorption of

A) fats.
B) proteins.
C) carbohydrates
D) minerals.
E) vitamins.

Question 74

Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme from the pancreas?

A) zymogen
B) trypsin
C) amylase
D) nuclease
E) gastrin

Question 75

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

A) enterocrinin
B) enterokinase.
C) secretin.
D) cholecystokinin.
E) GIP.

Question 76

Bile is produced in the

A) liver.
B) duodenum.
C) pancreas.
D) gall bladder.
E) appendix.

Question 77

The longest portion of the small intestine is the

A) cecum.
B) appendix.
C) ileum.
D) jejunum.
E) duodenum.

Question 78

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 79

The fusion of the hepatic duct with the cystic duct forms the

A) hepatic portal vein.
B) porta hepatis.
C) common bile duct.
D) common pancreatic duct.
E) bile canaliculus.

Question 80

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is

A) enterocrinin.
B) secretin.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) GIP.
E) gastrin.