Deck 11: Agriculture

Question 1

Goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountain region of ______________

A) Southeast Asia.
B) North Africa.
C) the Fertile Crescent.
D) Greece.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Guatemala's agricultural sector produces 22.7% of the country's GDP and employs _____% of the labor force.

A) 10
B) 22.7
C) 25
D) 50

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Bio-genetic engineering now allows the growing of new strains in more arid regions of the Plains States to meet the demand of the ___________ industry.

A) cattle feed
B) bio-diesel fuel
C) tofu/organic food
D) grain export

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Of the 148 species of large herbivore (over 100 lbs)_______ have been domesticated and all of these were domesticated over 4,500 years ago.

A) 75
B) 52
C) 26
D) 14

Question 5

The ratio of percent of labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada (3% of labor force: 2.3% of GDP)indicates that Canada's agricultural sector is ______________ intensive.

A) labor
B) machine
C) subsistence
D) small scale

Question 6

Organic food is found in _____ areas.

A) core.
B) semi-periphery.
C) periphery.
D) all.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example of a hunting and gathering group that still existed in the early 2000s?

A) the San of Southern Africa
B) the Bantu of Southern Africa
C) aboriginal people of interior Australia
D) Native Americans of Brazil

Question 8

Demand for organic foods is greatest in ____________

A) core regions.
B) semi-periphery regions.
C) periphery regions.
D) spread equally among all regions.

Question 9

According to Carl Sauer,the earliest plant domestication _______________

A) was prompted by scarcity.
B) probably involved planting root crops.
C) was associated with seed crops.
D) was occurred in tropical middle America.

Question 10

Which is not an example of a primary economic activity?

A) corn flake production
B) iron ore production
C) lobster fishing
D) forestry

Question 11

Hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in ___________

A) salmon fishing.
B) bison hunting.
C) deer hunting.
D) acorn collection.

Question 12

A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production is _________________

A) subsistence rice cultivation.
B) subsistence wheat cultivation.
C) shifting cultivation.
D) nomadic herding.

Question 13

Milpa agriculture involves the _________ method of clearing fields.

A) use of natural herbicides
B) intensive hoeing
C) burning
D) use of bulldozers

Question 14

Cattle were domesticated in and came to be an important cultural feature of _____________

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Central Asia.
C) South Asia.
D) North Africa.

Question 15

Often crops are associated with regions other than the one in which they were developed. For example,the "Irish" or "Idaho" potato originated in the Andean Highlands. Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in _______________

A) West Africa.
B) the Fertile Crescent.
C) Central America.
D) Southeast Asia.

Question 16

Organic food in the United States now constitutes _____ percent of the total food production.

A) 50
B) 25
C) 10
D) 2

Question 17

According to the US Census of Agriculture (2002),there are no acres certified for organic agricultural production in _______________

A) Mexico and Florida.
B) Texas and Minnesota.
C) Maine and New York.
D) Oklahoma and Mississippi.

Question 18

The service region for the domestication of hemp,eggplants and mangoes is ___________

A) the upper southeast Asian mainland.
B) eastern India and western Burma.
C) southwest Asia.
D) meso-America.

Question 19

Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution)occurred in ____________

A) Asia.
B) the Fertile Crescent.
C) tropical Africa.
D) the Nile Valley.

Question 20

According to Spencer and Thomas,each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants. For example,taro.yams,and bananas are associated with the _______________ hearth.

A) Meso-American
B) Southeast Asian
C) Southwest Asian
D) Ethiopia-East African

Question 21

In areas of shifting cultivation the population ____________

A) increases significantly.
B) cannot have a high density.
C) must be large enough to provide surplus labor.
D) never lives in permanent settlements.

Question 22

Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?

A) beef
B) firewood
C) wheat
D) milk

Question 23

The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?

A) nineteenth and twentieth century
B) twelfth and thirteenth century
C) fourteenth and fifteenth century
D) seventeenth and eighteenth century

Question 24

About how many people practice shifting cultivation in the world today?

A) between 50 million and 100 million
B) between 100 million and 150 million
C) between 150 million and 200 million
D) over 300 million

Question 25

The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a of a turbulent past is _______________

A) walled.
B) linear.
C) round.
D) grid.

Question 26

Mediterranean agriculture is found in

A) eastern Spain, Italy and northern Egypt.
B) eastern Italy, Greece, northern Tunisia, and eastern Brazil.
C) southern California, central Chile, and Italy.
D) along the northern shore of the Mediterranean and northern Egypt.

Question 27

The Spanish invaders of Middle America,centuries ago,laid out villages and towns in what form?

A) round
B) grid
C) linear
D) oval

Question 28

Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers _____________

A) grow cash crops only.
B) farm on plantations in addition to farming their own land.
C) grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmer needed to survive.
D) buy commercial fertilizer at fixed prices.

Question 29

In the 1940s,American philanthropists funded research on this crop. By 1960,Mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically.The crop is: _____________

A) coffee.
B) corn (maize).
C) wheat.
D) tomatoes.

Question 30

In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because ________________

A) it would provide lumber and firewood.
B) it would filter out pollution.
C) it provided a recreation area.
D) it would contain the growth of the city.

Question 31

Before the intervention of Europeans,the societies practicing subsistence farming were quite equal because ______________

A) populations were small.
B) the farmers did not live in villages or other settlements.
C) land was held in communal ownership.
D) money was equally divided.

Question 32

The Township and Range System is to the American Plains as the lay-lot survey system is to __________

A) French-America.
B) Japan.
C) Germany.
D) South Africa

Question 33

The basic unit of the township-and-range system,the section,has an area of ______________

A) 1 acre.
B) 160 acres.
C) 1 square mile.
D) 36 square miles.

Question 34

The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is _____________

A) dispersed.
B) nucleated.
C) spaced.
D) hierarchical.

Question 35

Geographer Lee Liu studying the spatial patterns of agriculture in parts of China,found soils in intensively used fields near villages were ____________

A) polluted.
B) overused and of poor fertility.
C) fertile and productive.
D) not used.

Question 36

The rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique. Its correct name is: _____________

A) long-lot system.
B) metes and bounds system.
C) township-and-range system.
D) Franklin's system.

Question 37

The average size of a family farm in China is ________ acres.

A) 75
B) 10
C) 5
D) .5

Question 38

___________________ have the same Köppen-Geiger classification.

A) New York and Lima
B) Paris and Moscow
C) Cairo and Riyadh
D) Tokyo and Capetown

Question 39

According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification,the UK has a

A) humid cold climate with no dry season.
B) humid temperate climate with no dry season and a cool summer.
C) humid temperate climate with a dry winter.
D) humid temperate climate with a dry summer.

Question 40

By 1992,the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36,which was a variety of ______________

A) rice.
B) wheat.
C) maize.
D) potatoes.

Question 41

Fair trade coffee buyers certify that ____ % of the retail price of their coffee goes to the coffee growers.

A) 80
B) 100
C) 40
D) 5

Question 42

Hunters and gatherers cannot live in permanent settlements.

Question 43

Agriculture started in one location and then diffused all over the world.

Question 44

Much of the cotton purchased by the United Kingdom,Western Europe,and Japan is grown in ____________

A) Egypt.
B) the United States.
C) India.
D) Sudan.

Question 45

In recent years,many wooded areas in ___________ have been deforested to provide beef for hamburgers for fast-food chains in the United States.

A) East and South Asia
B) West Africa
C) East Africa
D) Central and South America

Question 46

Poorer countries,producing such cash crops as sugar,_______________

A) set the market price themselves.
B) are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices.
C) plant less in order to drive up the prices.
D) cooperate with each other to determine global prices and demand.

Question 47

The colonial powers transplanted rubber trees to _________ from Brazil.

A) Southeast Asia
B) West Africa
C) East Africa
D) East Asia

Question 48

Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today,70% of production is in __________________

A) Southeast Asia.
B) South Asia.
C) East Africa.
D) Middle and South America.

Question 49

The functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages world-wide is greatest in ______________

A) traditional cultures.
B) Asian cultures.
C) African cultures.
D) Western cultures.

Question 50

Rubber trees were first tapped in ______________

A) eastern Venezuela.
B) northern South America's Amazon Basin.
C) Malaya.
D) Indonesia.

Question 51

Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the northeastern U.S.and northwestern Europe?

A) dairying
B) cotton growing
C) citrus production
D) sugar beet production

Question 52

Twenty-five percent of world sugar production takes place outside of the tropical plantation region (U.S.A.Western Europe,Russia)and is produced from _____________

A) genetically-modified, cold-tolerant sugar cane.
B) sugar beets.
C) wood cellulose.
D) artificial food chemical processes.

Question 53

In villages everywhere,social stratification is reflected by _____________

A) the dress of the population.
B) the street pattern.
C) the range and quality of village houses.
D) commercial buildings.

Question 54

Examples of luxury crops include:

A) tea and sugar.
B) coffee and tobacco.
C) cacao and corn.
D) tobacco and potatoes.

Question 55

Which of the following areas does not have a Mediterranean-type climate?

A) central Chile
B) southern Australia
C) southern Florida
D) South Africa's Cape

Question 56

Many geographers consider the Green Revolution a failure.

Question 57

The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is ______________

A) dairying.
B) Mediterranean.
C) shifting cultivation.
D) livestock ranching.

Question 58

Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely a ________________ activity.

A) part-time
B) commercial
C) subsistence
D) mechanized

Question 59

Which of the following fairly small areas of wheat production still have major export trade?

A) Canada and United States
B) Ukraine and Kazakhstan
C) Russian and Canada
D) Argentina and Australia

Question 60

The world's leading exporter of rice is _____________

A) China.
B) Vietnam.
C) the United States.
D) Thailand.

Question 61

Cattle ranching in North and South America shows a Thunian pattern lying in the peripheral areas with consumption in the cities.

Question 62

Farmers of the Nile Valley practice shifting cultivation.

Question 63

Wine production is a feature characteristic of Mediterranean agriculture around the world.

Question 64

As societies become more complex,functional differences are seen in buildings.

Question 65

Describe the township-and-range system and the American rural landscape it has given rise to (fields,houses,buildings etc.). Where in the American landscape would one not find this system of land survey?

Question 66

Because of the Green Revolution,today most famine results from political instability rather than failure of crop production.

Question 67

Animals were domesticated in different regions of the world at different times.

Question 68

Even after the end of colonialism,many plantations in the world are still owned by Europeans or Americans.

Question 69

Destruction of subsistence farming communities can cause a breakdown in the culture of the people.

Question 70

The predominant land survey system in Texas is metes-and-bounds.

Question 71

Most US farmers are subsistence farmers.

Question 72

According to the work of Carl Sauer,no agricultural innovations occurred in the US.

Question 73

The expansion of crop production for export in Latin America has increasingly marginalized subsistence farmers.

Question 74

Describe the locations of the centers of the First Agricultural Revolution. Give examples of the crops and animals which were domesticated in various places.What demographic and social changes resulted from this revolution in food production?

Question 75

What significant changes were seen during the Second Agricultural Revolution? How were these interrelated with and how did they aid the Industrial Revolution?

Question 76

Shifting cultivation involves shifting crops (crop rotation)in small permanent fields.

Question 77

The U.S.township-and-range land division scheme was devised in the 1950s.

Question 78

IR8 rice,a genetic cross of Chinese and Indonesian strains,was an early result of the Third Agricultural Revolution.

Question 79

Very few of Southeast Asia's rice farmers are subsistence farmers.

Question 80

Why do some poorer countries not discard the old colonial patterns of plantations and cash cropping?