Deck 8: Health Care: Historic Change

Question 1

The largest share of American health care spending is paid by

A) the patient directly
B) private health insurance plans
C) government
D) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

There is plenty of evidence that managed care provides improved quality and cost reduction of health care? T/F.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which is NOT a technique used by managed care to keep costs down?

A) utilization review which includes second opinion before surgery or hospitalization
B) disease management programs
C) use of a gatekeeper or primary care physician who approves when patient can see specialists
D) computerized patient files

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these countries does NOT have mandated universal health insurance coverage through employers or private policies?

A) France
B) Italy
C) Canada
D) Great Britain

Question 5

America is the only developed nation that does not guarantee health insurance to all citizens.

Question 6

According to 2002 data, which of the countries below had highest health expenditures as percentage of GDP?

A) USA
B) Germany
C) Sweden
D) France

Question 7

Which president achieved significant movement toward Universal Health coverage?

A) Clinton
B) Nixon
C) Obama
D) Roosevelt

Question 8

Among the problems in the American health care system are which of the following?

A) focus on acute health care
B) failure to emphasize preventative medicine
C) focus on health care for the elderly
D) all of the above
E) (b) and (c) only

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the increasing cost of health care?

A) technologically advanced treatments
B) high administrative cost
C) labor intensity
D) increased proportion of general practitioners

Question 10

Which country was second behind the United States in total health care expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2000?

A) France
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) Sweden

Question 11

Managed care emerged as a force in American health care in the 1980's as

A) a means of centralized health care coordination
B) a method to have health care geographically distributed so as to be more accessible
C) a means of insuring everyone
D) a method to hold down the increasing costs of health care

Question 12

Even though American medical technology is the most advanced in the world, the United States still ranks behind ______________ in infant mortality.

A) Netherlands
B) Canada
C) Australia
D) United Kingdon

Question 13

Which of the following is (are) sign(s) of recent change in the American health care system?

A) many hospitals are closing
B) increased competition among hospitals
C) hospital mergers
D) all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is a feature of managed care?

A) fee-for-service payment
B) selective contracting
C) emphasis on specialist care
D) none of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a change from traditional health care delivery?

A) home visits from the family doctor
B) freestanding surgical units
C) minor care clinics
D) specialty hospitals
E) none of the above

Question 16

Among the consequences of a high rate of uninsured Americans are which of the following?

A) worse health outcomes
B) financial burdens on families
C) "job lock"
D) all of the above

Question 17

Health care inflation in the last 15 years has been _____________the general inflation rate in the whole economy.

A) higher than
B) lower than
C) about the same as
D) insignificant compared to

Question 18

Which of the following health care issue has broader coverage in other nations than the United States?

A) dental service
B) nursery homecare
C) eye glasses
D) cosmetic surgery

Question 19

Rationing has been used in some countries to control health care costs, but there are not yet any rationing mechanisms in the American health care system.

Question 20

The largest share of American health care spending is paid by _______.

A) the patient directly
B) private health insurance plans
C) government
D) charitable foundations

Question 21

Labor and technology is a primary contributor to the high cost of medicine.

Question 22

The percentage of the population having health insurance coverage has ______________ since 1980.

A) remained the same
B) increased
C) doubled
D) declined

Question 23

United States health care problems do NOT include _________________.

A) quality
B) access
C) technology
D) cost

Question 24

Medicare and Medicaid have helped to hold down American society's cost of health care.

Question 25

United States health care disparities means that

A) those in poor or rural communities have poor health and shorter life expectancy
B) African American infants mortality rates are neatly twice those of whites
C) One-third of Hispanics are uninsured
D) Ten percent of Hispanics rely on their primary care from emergency rooms
E) All of the above

Question 26

IPA, PPO, and HMO are acronyms for

A) federal government health care agencies
B) federal health care programs
C) state health care bureaucracies
D) various types of managed care providers

Question 27

Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance are parts of

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) both Medicare and Medicaid
D) Health Maintenance Organizations
E) none of the above

Question 28

American health care spending grows more slowly than health care spending in other developed countries.

Question 29

Service intensity may be the most important cause of higher health care costs because

A) new drugs can treat conditions formerly requiring surgery
B) the system of payment procedures is an incentive
C) doctor can perform more non-invasive procedures
D) B and C
E) all of the above

Question 30

The main problems of U.S. health care can be grouped into which of the three following categories:

A) access, cost, and quality
B) time, cost, education
C) education, age, quality
D) access, education, time

Question 31

Which of the following health care coverage were added to Medicare in the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003?

A) Prescription drug coverage
B) Coverage for renal kidney failure
C) Hospice care
D) Home health care

Question 32

Duplication of expensive medical technologies is an important factor in the rising cost of health care.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of patients who use emergency room care as a substitute for health insurance?

A) cost the same as basic care
B) patients remain ill longer
C) care received is often too little too late
D) patients have more disability

Question 34

A major problem in the American health care system is

A) too few doctors in suburban areas
B) too few doctors nation-wide
C) the financial burden of health care on many families
D) all of the above

Question 35

A radical perspective on health care states that health care

A) is part of a corporate capitalist structure
B) is not monopolistic
C) doesn't go where the money is, but where the need is
D) is elastically structured

Question 36

In 2002 the United States spent a lower percentage of GDP on health expenditures than did France.

Question 37

The areas and person with the greatest needs for health care are not the areas and persons with the greatest access to care which means that medical care is maldistributed.

Question 38

Health care costs, since 1965, have

A) remained constant
B) increased slightly
C) decreased slightly
D) increased significantly
E) decreased significantly

Question 39

Job lock means that

A) people are tied to jobs that they can't leave because a new employer may not provide insurance
B) people with health issues stay at their current jobs to keep their doctor
C) Certain jobs carry specialized health coverage
D) People must be employed for a certain length of time in order to qualify for health insurance

Question 40

Medicaid spending is increasing rapidly at the federal level, but has NOT risen rapidly at the state level.

Question 41

Malpractice insurance rates increases have

A) contributed to health care inflation
B) caused specialist physicians to relocate or abandon their practice
C) cause doctors to limit the tests they order
D) not been passed on to consumers

Question 42

The federal government does not support biomedical research.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a prime cause for the growth in Medicare costs?

A) higher hospital costs
B) increased death rate
C) higher physician's fees
D) higher drug prices
E) advances in technology

Question 44

Which of the following is true?

A) Medicaid physician reimbursement rates are too high
B) Medicaid cannot fund nursing home care.
C) Many physicians refuse to accept Medicaid patients because payment rates are too low.
D) all of the above

Question 45

The 1999 Institute of Medicine estimated that 100,000 hospital deaths occurred due to _____________.

A) lack of testing equipment
B) paperwork errors
C) medical errors
D) patients being too sick to cure

Question 46

In 2003 Congress passed the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) that

A) abolished Medicare
B) added a prescription drug benefit
C) reduced Medicare's prescription benefit
D) reduced premiums for wealthy recipients

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT covered by Medical Insurance (Part B)?

A) outpatient hospital services
B) physician services
C) dental services
D) some home health and other medical services

Question 48

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)

A) has had little success in enrolling children
B) allows states to expand Medicare
C) allows states to establish new programs of children's coverage
D) all of the above

Question 49

Medicare is a program that was designed as

A) a program for the poor specifically
B) social insurance for elderly recipients
C) a protection to the young population against the risks of medical disaster
D) an anti-poverty program

Question 50

Medicaid covers about half of the poor.

Question 51

Medicare pays for nursing homes or routine home care.

Question 52

The Medicare Modernization Act allowed all Americans to open Health Savings Accounts.

Question 53

Medicare spending in the last couple of years

A) continued to rise rapidly
B) declined
C) stayed exactly the same
D) Medicare was abolished in 2002

Question 54

Medicaid spending is increasing rapidly at the state level, but has NOT risen rapidly at the federal level.

Question 55

Medicaid is

A) a program for the young specifically
B) a supplement to social security for all recipients
C) a protection to the aged population against the risks of medical disaster
D) a public assistance program funded out of general revenues

Question 56

Among the failures of the American health care system as a whole are:

A) major access problems
B) focus on acute illnesses
C) concentration on the elderly
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 57

Chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and arthritis accounted for more of Medicare growth than hospital based treatment of acute illness such as ______________.

A) stroke
B) cancer
C) heart attacks
D) renal failure
E) (b) and (d)

Question 58

Which of these factors does NOT drive prescription cost inflation?

A) Doctors write more prescriptions per patient
B) Aggressive marketing of new drugs to the public
C) Drugs are imported from Canada
D) Drug companies raise the prices of existing drugs

Question 59

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was

A) created by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997
B) abolished by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997
C) created by the Texas Legislature in 1995
D) part of the original Medicaid program

Question 60

The out-patient prescription drug benefit included in the Medicare Modernization Act provides little or no advantage over their prior coverage for middle to upper-income due to co-pay and gap in coverage.

Question 61

Which is NOT a health-related black grant to the states?

A) alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health
B) preventive health services
C) direct medical education
D) maternal and child health services

Question 62

President Clinton's health care reform plan failure doomed comprehensive health care reform for the rest of the 1990's.

Question 63

The United States lags far behind the rest of the developed world on most health measures.

Question 64

Health care policy reform failed in 1993-1994 because

A) Republicans pushed too hard for a national health plan
B) large businesses favored the single-payer plan
C) both Democrats and Republicans refused moderate compromises
D) public opinion continued to favor the Clinton Plan

Question 65

In 2001, the House of Representatives voted to ____________ human cloning.

A) encourage
B) permit
C) regulate
D) forbid

Question 66

Which of the following are important bioethical issues?

A) regulating managed care
B) Funding AIDS research
C) Rationing new health care technologies
D) (a) and (c) only
E) (b) and (c) only

Question 67

___________ believe that practicing good health habits are outside of governmental influence.

A) Liberals
B) Socialists
C) Conservatives
D) Radicals

Question 68

Health care policy reform succeeded in 2010 because

A) Republicans pushed too hard for a national health plan
B) the president spent time, energy and political capital
C) Democratic and Republican leaders pushed moderate compromises
D) public opinion favored the single-payer plan

Question 69

Which of the following are the greatest determinants of premature death?

A) economic status
B) environmental conditions
C) behavioral
D) all of the above
E) (A) and (B) only

Question 70

The Supreme Court ruled that terminally ill people have no constitutional right to die and, therefore, no right to physician-assisted suicide.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of the moral imperative of universal insurance coverage?

A) all citizens should have equal access to health care regardless of income.
B) National Health Insurance would drive up the cost of health care.
C) all citizens should have access to a basic minimum of health care.
D) The government should take responsibility for the health of all citizens.

Question 72

The ___________ amendment bans federal Medicaid funding for most abortions.

A) Strong
B) Frist
C) Hyde
D) Howe
E) Johnson

Question 73

The increasing number of persons 65 and over in the population has ___________ utilization of health care facilities.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) not affected
D) ceased

Question 74

Political conservatives believe that a regulated health care system leads to lower medical standards and higher costs.

Question 75

Traditional Medicare coverage before 2003 consisted of two parts: Hospital Insurance (Part A) and Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B).

Question 76

_______________ believe that government responsibility for public health cannot be avoided as the swine flu threat of 2009 proved.

A) liberals
B) conservatives
C) both

Question 77

Many physicians and dentists don't accept Medicaid patients because

A) the patients can't afford the co-pay
B) they must accept the Medicaid schedule as full payment
C) it takes too long to get reimbursed
D) they have to prescribe generic drugs

Question 78

Health care reform will expand access to 32 million people by

A) requiring most citizens and legal residents to purchase insurance
B) mandates some employers to provide insurance
C) insurance market reform
D) all of the above

Question 79

Which of the following features of the Single-Payer system of health care administration do its supporters argue will reduce health care costs?

A) Reduction of administrative costs, such as billing and office staff.
B) Abolition of private, for-profit health insurers.
C) Centralization of administration.
D) All of the above

Question 80

____________ is a voluntary insurance program for persons age sixty-five and older.

A) Social Security
B) Welfare
C) Coinsurance
D) Supplementary Medical Insurance