Deck 5: Civil Rights, Equality, and Social Movements

Question 1

Which type of equality has proven to be difficult to achieve in the United States?

A) social equality
B) civil equality
C) political equality
D) economic equality

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why is political equality essential to the health and function of a democracy?

A) Political equality gives anyone the chance to run for president, which is foundational to a true democracy.
B) Democracy does not function in societies that practice slavery since an entire group of people are not represented.
C) Everyone must be able to cast a vote for who they believe should be president in order to have a true democracy.
D) All members of a society must have an equal opportunity to participate in politics to have effective representation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In some countries, the means of production are controlled entirely by the central government and the results and wealth are redistributed to the population, ensuring that all citizens receive an equal amount. What is this an example of?

A) ensuring positive civil rights
B) guaranteeing economic equality of outcome
C) providing political equality
D) maintaining social equality

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which action can a government take to improve conditions for economic equality?

A) implement a graduated income tax
B) enforce non-discriminatory hiring practices
C) ensure fair treatment in stores and theaters
D) grant all citizens the right to vote

Question 5

Which right is considered essential to political equality?

A) freedom of speech
B) the right to remain silent
C) freedom from unlawful search and seizure
D) the right to bear arms

Question 6

Why is economic equality often considered the most controversial type of equality?

A) It is impossible to ensure economic equality in a society as large as the United States.
B) The government refuses to legislate any measures to guarantee economic equality.
C) Some believe economic equality means equality of outcome, not equality of opportunity.
D) Economic equality is too vague to actually implement or guarantee among individuals.

Question 7

Darcy is passionate about women's rights and wants the federal government to do something more to protect women from workplace harassment and pay discrimination. Darcy has spent lots of time volunteering for campaigns in her state and has decided to run for office herself on a platform that focuses on securing full equality for women. Which tactic is Darcy using to gain equality?

A) litigation
B) utilizing the political system
C) legal boycott
D) civil disobedience

Question 8

What was the main purpose of Jim Crow laws in the South?

A) to deny African Americans economic opportunities
B) to prohibit African Americans from paying taxes
C) to deny African Americans social equality
D) to integrate black and white public schools

Question 9

According to the text, what is required for people to influence collective decision making in a meaningful way?

A) economic equality
B) social equality
C) political equality
D) civil equality

Question 10

Ensuring that citizens have equal abilities to enter into contracts, marry, and purchase property can be classified as ______.

A) political equality
B) social equality
C) civil equality
D) economic equality

Question 11

When might an individual or a group make use of the legal system to enact change and achieve equality?

A) when violent protests and riots fail to work
B) when all political avenues have been exhausted
C) when the president agrees with the movement
D) when boycotting a business has yielded results

Question 12

Lobbying, petitioning the government, and voting in elections are all examples of which tactic to enact change in society?

A) participating in the political system
B) boycotting businesses and corporations
C) engaging in civil disobedience
D) filing lawsuits as part of litigation

Question 13

Which type of equality ensures equal and fair treatment in all public and private institutions?

A) social equality
B) economic equality
C) natural equality
D) political equality

Question 14

Whereas civil liberties are those that are inherent to humans and cannot be taken away or granted by the government, certain abilities are granted by the government to its citizens to ensure equal access to political, social, and economic institutions. These are known as ______.

A) natural rights
B) civil rights
C) human rights
D) political rights

Question 15

When a government grants its citizens the same right to participate actively in voting, running for office, and petitioning the government, that government has granted ______.

A) social equality
B) political equality
C) economic equality
D) federal equality

Question 16

Which is an example of an individual or group achieving political equality?

A) African Americans securing the full ability to vote
B) a woman who has been admitted to a public university
C) a wheelchair-bound man who can access a public office
D) a man who make below $20,000 per year receiving tax breaks

Question 17

How does social equality differ from political equality?

A) Social equality refers to fair and equal treatment within society, not just in the political sphere.
B) Social equality refers specifically to involvement in political parties instead of politics as a system.
C) Social equality refers to receiving fair wages, while political equality refers to access to politics.
D) Social equality refers to rights that are natural to society, not necessarily to participate in politics.

Question 18

Up until the late 1960s, many public institutions in the South were segregated by race, meaning that white Americans had access to different facilities that African Americans did not have access to. What is this an example of?

A) a lack of economic equality
B) a denial of social equality
C) integration of public facilities
D) a disinterest in political equality

Question 19

Which group was founded for the purpose of ensuring equal rights for African Americans and focused its efforts on litigation?

A) the American Civil Liberties Union
B) the Southern Poverty Law Center
C) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
D) the Association of African American Lawyers

Question 20

What is one of the most easily accessible and effective ways to enact change in American society?

A) utilizing the political system
B) filing lawsuits
C) rioting and looting
D) civil disobedience

Question 21

Suppose it is the late 1800s and a presidential election is coming up. The state of South Carolina does not want the large African American population in the state to have too much influence over the election and decides to take certain precautions to make sure as many African Americans as possible cannot vote. Which action will South Carolina likely take to avoid violating the Fifteenth Amendment?

A) pass a new state law that the federal government will not know about
B) bar former slaves from casting a ballot in the election
C) institute a literacy test for all voters to pass before they can cast a ballot
D) decide not to hold an election in the entire state that year

Question 22

Why do people engage in civil disobedience?

A) to bring attention to a law or policy they feel is unjust
B) to urge conflict in certain areas
C) to hurt businesses economically
D) to drain the opposition of money and resources

Question 23

Why were the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments ineffective at securing total civil rights and equality for African Americans?

A) The amendments were not comprehensive and did not apply to African Americans in the South.
B) The provisions within the amendments only applied to free African Americans.
C) The Supreme Court ruled that such laws did not apply to actions carried out by private individuals.
D) The states passed additional laws that made the amendments null and void.

Question 24

It is 1874, and a precinct in Georgia has decided to bar African Americans from participating in the midterm election. This is a violation of which constitutional amendment?

A) the Twelfth Amendment
B) the Fourteenth Amendment
C) the Fifteenth Amendment
D) the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 25

Which other group experienced racial discrimination in America during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A) Hispanics
B) poor white men
C) Irish immigrants
D) Italian immigrants

Question 26

What was one of the main functions of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A) to secure the right to vote for free African American men in presidential and midterm elections
B) to end the transport and trade of slaves within the United States and neighboring territories
C) to void the laws in the South that denied African Americans economic and social rights
D) to establish a precedent that would secure basic human and civil rights for women

Question 27

How did many abolitionists feel about the rights of African Americans once they were freed?

A) They believed freed slaves should have full rights equal to whites.
B) They did not think freed slaves should automatically be entitled to vote.
C) They were not concerned about the rights of freed slaves.
D) They thought slaves should only have the right to own a set amount of property.

Question 28

The "separate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court was a result of which case?

A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Dred Scott v. Sandford
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Sweatt v. Painter

Question 29

Many abolitionists believed freed slaves were entitled to which type of equality?

A) political equality
B) economic equality
C) social equality
D) civil equality

Question 30

What impact did the Dawes Severalty Act likely have on Native Americans?

A) a deterioration of Native American heritage, culture, and tribal identification
B) an increase in the overall wealth and property ownership of Native Americans
C) a strengthening of core Native American values and beliefs
D) the establishment of a separate Native American central government

Question 31

How did the approaches of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois differ with regard to ending racial segregation?

A) Washington adopted an accommodationist stance, while DuBois favored a militant approach.
B) Washington believed the problem of segregation would not resolve itself, while DuBois did.
C) Washington did not see segregation as an issue, while DuBois wanted to resolve it with force.
D) Washington favored a violent approach, while DuBois favored a peaceful one.

Question 32

Victor has been working hard to secure better working conditions at his manufacturing job and has contacted his representatives multiple times to push for legislation that would crack down on poor workplace conditions in large manufacturing plants, but he has not seen any progress to date. Which other option does Victor have available to him to enact change?

A) file a lawsuit against his employer
B) write a bill and propose it to Congress himself
C) quit his job and work somewhere different
D) boycott the government until they listen to him

Question 33

What is legal boycott?

A) the use of the court system to secure equal access to civil rights
B) the organized refusal to buy, sell, or use certain goods
C) the passive resistance to an unjust law or policy
D) the use of government petitions and voting to enact change

Question 34

Passively resisting an unjust policy or law is considered ______.

A) litigation
B) violent protest
C) civil disobedience
D) legal boycott

Question 35

What made civil disobedience so effective for the civil rights movement in the American South?

A) It showed just how far the civil rights movement was willing to go to secure equality.
B) It demonstrated to government officials that law enforcement was no match for the protesters.
C) It showed how politically active and powerful the African American population could be.
D) It brought public and widespread attention to the poor treatment of African Americans.

Question 36

The victory for African Americans over the issue of school segregation was won with the Supreme Court's decision on Brown v. Board of Education, which is an example of the successful use of which tactic?

A) legal boycott
B) civil disobedience
C) utilizing the political system
D) litigation

Question 37

According to the text, which group has traditionally used legal boycotts to enact change?

A) unions
B) women's suffrage groups
C) LGBTQ persons
D) disabled persons

Question 38

What motivation did African Americans have to use the judicial system to secure equal rights during the civil rights movement?

A) Civil disobedience was not an option at the time.
B) Many African Americans had the funds to file lawsuits.
C) Very few African Americans knew how to utilize the political system.
D) The legislative route had proven to be generally ineffective.

Question 39

Over the past several years, Starbucks has come under fire by both liberal and conservative patrons for being either too "Christmassy" or not "Christmassy" enough with their holiday cup design. Each time, either side has called for like-minded people to stop going to Starbucks during the holiday season. What is this an example of?

A) litigation
B) civil disobedience
C) legal boycott
D) taking political action

Question 40

What is the significance of the bus boycotts in Montgomery, Alabama during the civil rights movement?

A) It suggested that legal boycott is not effective on a national scale.
B) It demonstrated the effectiveness of the legal boycott tactic.
C) It showed that the legal boycott tactic has lost popularity among groups.
D) It highlighted the fact that legal boycott is effective only in small groups.

Question 41

What must the government demonstrate under the intermediate scrutiny standard when applied to gender discrimination cases?

A) that the discrimination is protecting women from a clear danger
B) that the discrimination is substantially related to an important state interest
C) that the discrimination is related to a legitimate state interest
D) that the discrimination is essential to maintaining the traditional role of women

Question 42

What is one reason many believe the Equal Rights Amendment failed to be ratified?

A) Other legal developments rendered the amendment unnecessary.
B) There was an overall lack of support for the amendment among women.
C) Only a small number of states supported its ratification.
D) Many women do not want complete equality to men.

Question 43

Which standard has the Supreme Court applied to gender discrimination cases since the late 1970s?

A) the clear and present danger test
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) the rational basis test

Question 44

Which organization shifted its focus from First Amendment issues to women's rights in the 1960s?

A) the American Civil Liberties Union
B) the Southern Poverty Law Center
C) the National Organization for Women
D) Planned Parenthood

Question 45

Suppose a public university is reviewing applications and has decided to admit a female candidate with the same overall qualifications and experience as a male candidate, while rejecting the male candidate. The university justifies its decision as a way of remedying past admissions practices that discriminated against women. This practice aligns with which program?

A) Title IX
B) gender equity
C) affirmative action
D) quotas

Question 46

Which statement best describes the rights of women in the twenty-first century?

A) Women's rights are still limited due to the failure of the ERA to be ratified.
B) Women have much more to achieve in politics and will only do so if the ERA is passed.
C) Women have continued to make advances in politics and society despite the absence of the ERA.
D) Women do not have as many rights as men and have been routinely barred from entering politics.

Question 47

Which distinction may be drawn between the protections to women provided in Title IX and those in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) The enforcement of Title IX has been less effective in practice than Title VII.
B) Title IX focuses on the workplace, while Title VII centers on the workplace.
C) Title IX utilizes affirmative action programs, while Title VII does not.
D) Intermediate scrutiny is applied to Title IX cases, while strict scrutiny is applied to Title VII.

Question 48

Which group became a strong advocate for the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1960s?

A) National Organization for Women
B) Planned Parenthood
C) the National Women's Party
D) the American Civil Liberties Union

Question 49

Why was the 2016 presidential election historically significant?

A) It was the first time a businessman had won the presidency.
B) It marked the first time an African American was elected president.
C) It was the first time a woman had been a major party's presidential nominee.
D) It demonstrated the high rate of voter turnout among women.

Question 50

Cynthia is a staunch feminist who is concerned that women are not receiving equal pay for equal work compared to men and wants to join an organization of other like-minded individuals and push for change. Which group should Cynthia join?

A) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
B) the National Women's Organization
C) the Equal Rights Amendment Committee
D) the American Civil Liberties Union

Question 51

What is the significance of Rosa Parks' arrest in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955?

A) It signaled the end of Jim Crow laws in the South.
B) It signaled the beginning of the civil rights movement in the South.
C) It brought the issue of segregation to public attention.
D) It highlighted the violence against African Americans in the South.

Question 52

Which is an example of de facto discrimination?

A) white families moving to different neighborhoods as African American families move in
B) the prohibition of African American students to attend the same schools as white students
C) the segregation of white and African American public restroom facilities
D) literacy tests meant to deter African Americans from being able to vote

Question 53

Which tactic did the women's rights movement adopt during the early twentieth century?

A) They linked their calls for equality to the other social movements of the time.
B) They pursued heavy litigation due to a lack of success within the political system.
C) They engaged in violent protest and marches across the nation.
D) They worked with lawmakers to successfully pass several landmark laws and policies.

Question 54

Which level of judicial review for cases of ethnic and racial discrimination was established by Brown v. Board of Education?

A) rational basis
B) minimum scrutiny
C) intermediate scrutiny
D) strict scrutiny

Question 55

Which statement best summarizes the Supreme Court's decision on Hoyt v. Florida?

A) Women were permitted to vote only if permitted by state and local law.
B) Women could not tend bar unless they were the daughter or wife of the bar owner.
C) Women laundry workers were not permitted to work more than 10 hours per day.
D) Women were still meant for the domestic sphere despite their political or social rights.

Question 56

Nina is a strong supporter of women and wants to see the first female president in her lifetime. She believes that with a female president, women will secure equality fully and all the efforts of those who fought for women's rights will be validated. Which candidate did Nina most likely vote for in the 2016 presidential election?

A) Nancy Pelosi
B) Hillary Clinton
C) Elizabeth Warren
D) Kamala Harris

Question 57

Which event is considered to have changed how African Americans fundamentally view the federal government?

A) the ratification of the Twenty-Fourth Amendment
B) Barack Obama's election to the presidency
C) the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
D) the end of Jim Crow in the South

Question 58

Which is an example of the criticism that gender equity programs like quotas and affirmative action receive?

A) There are more men who are willing to work those jobs than there are women.
B) Women do not have a desire to seek certain fields and thus should not be forced into them.
C) Women are inherently inferior to men and often cannot keep up with the job or class work.
D) Factors other than gender can lead to less pay or being passed up for a position.

Question 59

Which amendment granted women the right to vote?

A) the Fourteenth Amendment
B) the Fifteenth Amendment
C) the Nineteenth Amendment
D) the Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Question 60

Which was a provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) the prohibition of racial discrimination in housing
B) the invalidation of literacy tests and property requirements to vote
C) the prohibition of racial discrimination in all public facilities
D) the criminalization of poll taxes in federal elections

Question 61

Which piece of legislation aimed to protect those with disabilities from discrimination in public accommodations and employment?

A) the Americans with Disabilities Act
B) the Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
D) Title IX

Question 62

What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision on Lawrence v. Texas?

A) It struck down a law that prohibited special treatment for members of the LGBTQ community.
B) It extended same-sex couples the right to marry as protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) It struck down a law that prohibited same-sex partners from engaging in intimate relations.
D) It permitted members of the LGBTQ community to join the United States military.

Question 63

Which Supreme Court case proved to be an important victory for gays and lesbians?

A) Romer v. Evans
B) Lawrence v. Texas
C) Craig v. Boren
D) Reed v. Reed

Question 64

Which program was intended to promote racial, ethnic, and gender gains in education and the workplace?

A) quotas
B) affirmative action
C) Title IX
D) the Civil Rights Act of 1968

Question 65

Which president can be credited with removing the "don't ask, don't tell" policy in the United States military?

A) Bill Clinton
B) George W. Bush
C) Barack Obama
D) Donald Trump

Question 66

Which group experienced heightened discrimination in the early 2000s after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?

A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Muslim Americans
D) Mexican Americans

Question 67

What impact did the September 11, 2001 attacks have on Americans?

A) They increased discrimination against Muslim Americans.
B) They brought together Americans from all backgrounds in solidarity.
C) They made Americans more open-minded about Muslim-Americans.
D) They encouraged Americans to find out more about the Muslim people.

Question 68

Which action is an example of the ongoing discrimination against the LGBTQ community?

A) Donald Trump's call for a ban on transgender people serving in the military
B) the Supreme Court's decision on Obergefell v. Hodges
C) the removal of the "don't ask, don't tell" policy in the United States military
D) the Supreme Court's ruling on Lawrence v. Texas

Question 69

What is the primary purpose of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act?

A) to set quotas for employers to hire a set amount of senior citizen workers
B) to give preference to younger and older applicants to a job
C) to prohibit hiring or firing someone on the basis of age
D) to require all applicants to provide an age or date of birth on an application

Question 70

Discrimination against which group has never received heightened scrutiny from the courts?

A) women
B) African Americans
C) LGBTQ persons
D) individuals with disabilities

Question 71

What is the primary function of the AARP?

A) to push for equal pay for women
B) to urge women to pursue careers in technology
C) to lobby on behalf of the interests of older Americans
D) to advocate for African American applicants to colleges

Question 72

Nancy and her husband Arnold are senior citizens who have retired, but are still active in their community and pay attention to politics. Just recently, they became involved in a group so they can play a larger role in advocating for themselves and hopefully securing improved benefits as elderly Americans. Which group did Nancy and Arnold most likely join?

A) the ACLU
B) the Anti-Age Discrimination Committee
C) the AARP
D) NOW

Question 73

Which statement best describes the influence of the AARP?

A) The AARP is a large organization with a significant free-rider problem and thus has little real influence.
B) The AARP has millions of members and exerts a significant amount of influence on legislation.
C) The AARP is relatively small, but has a strong presence in Washington, D.C. to lobby for certain laws.
D) The AARP is small and effective at the local level, but relatively ineffective at the federal level.

Question 74

Mark and Kyle are in a relationship and want to get married. They currently live in Washington, but want to get married in Florida, since that is where they first met. Mark and Kyle's wedding will have to be recognized as legitimate by both their home state and Florida per the Supreme Court's ruling on ______.

A) Lawrence v. Texas
B) Romer v. Evans
C) Gratz v. Bollinger
D) Obergefell v. Hodges

Question 75

Which group of Americans has experienced significant discrimination in the workplace?

A) older Americans
B) wealthier men
C) educated women
D) recent college graduates

Question 76

Which group began to pursue equal rights following World War II?

A) gays and lesbians
B) Native Americans
C) women
D) older Americans

Question 77

What was the significance of the Supreme Court's decision on Doe et al. v. Trump?

A) The Court sided with the president's decision to declare a national emergency at the Southern border.
B) The Court rejected the president's request for funds to build a wall on the Southern border.
C) The Court struck down the executive-mandated racial profiling against Muslims.
D) The Court upheld discriminatory actions set by the president against those from Muslim nations.

Question 78

Which statement best describes how perceptions of individuals with disabilities have evolved over time?

A) Medical advances have allowed for those with disabilities to fully integrate into society.
B) Scientific advances have improved society's understanding of those with disabilities.
C) As times have changed, discrimination against those with disabilities has vanished altogether.
D) Discrimination against those with disabilities has worsened over the last several years.

Question 79

Why did the gay rights movement shift from an integrationist stance to a more activist stance?

A) The integrationist stance was only mildly successful.
B) Other groups had had success with an activist approach.
C) To show their solidarity with other movements for equality at the time.
D) To bring attention to their push for equal treatment.

Question 80

What impact did the USA PATRIOT Act have on American society?

A) It rallied Americans from all backgrounds around the flag and boosted patriotism.
B) It expanded personal liberties for all Americans.
C) It reinforced discriminatory practices against Muslim Americans.
D) It increased the level of distrust in the American federal government.