Deck 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Question 1

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries.The nurse will monitor for recurrent:

A) Infections
B) Hematuria
C) Vomiting
D) Enuresis

Answer 1

Hematuria

Question 2

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors.A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:

A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Bladder
D) Urethra

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

A 6-year-old male is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.He was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux.This condition would be graded:

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Answer 3

IV

Question 4

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

A) Proteinuria
B) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C) Hematuria
D) Sodium loss

Question 5

A newborn male dies shortly after birth.Physical examination reveals wide-set eyes,parrot-beak nose,low-set ears,and receding chin.The most likely diagnosis the nurse will see on the chart is:

A) Unilateral renal agenesis
B) Potter syndrome
C) Renal aplasia
D) Renal dysplasia

Question 6

A 7-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following should the nurse ask the parents if they or the child has noticed recently?

A) Sunken fontanelles
B) Vesicular skin rash
C) Frothy urine
D) Jaundice

Question 7

A 3-year-old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs),fever,poor growth and development,and feeding problems.Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters.When giving report to the oncoming shift,the nurse will call this condition:

A) Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
B) Vesicourethral reflux
C) Vesicoureteral influx
D) Hydronephrosis

Question 8

In addition to a mass,the child with Wilms tumor may also exhibit which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

A) Abdominal pain
B) Enuresis
C) Hematuria
D) Weight gain
E) Fever

Question 9

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?

A) Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain
B) Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites
C) Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness
D) Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension

Question 10

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition.The infection was most likely located in the:

A) Bone
B) Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
C) Respiratory tract
D) Ear

Question 11

When a newborn is admitted with urinary tract infections (UTIs),which type of infection will the nurse look for in the newborn?

A) Blood-borne infections
B) Infections caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
C) Yeast infections
D) Viral infections

Question 12

A newborn female has chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys.When a staff member asks what this condition is called,how should the nurse respond? This condition is called:

A) Renal dysplasia
B) Renal agenesis
C) Hypoplastic kidney
D) Renal aplasia

Question 13

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure,a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Obstruction
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Question 14

Upon examination of a male infant,it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.The nurse will document this condition as:

A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Hydroureter
D) Cryptorchidism

Question 15

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence.His mother indicates that he has never been continent.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Nocturnal enuresis
B) Diurnal enuresis
C) Primary enuresis
D) Secondary enuresis

Question 16

An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine.His urethral opening is located behind the glans.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Anterior epispadias
B) Posterior epispadias
C) Extrophy of the bladder
D) Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 17

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor.Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

A) Cystic disease of the liver
B) Aniridia
C) Anemia
D) Hypothyroidism

Question 18

A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain,irritability,malaise,and fever.Tests reveal glomerulonephritis.When the parents ask what could have caused this,how should the nurse respond?

A) Poststreptococcal infection
B) Nephropathy
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Potter syndrome

Question 19

A urologist is discussing nephritic syndrome.Which information should be included? If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease,it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Idiopathic

Question 20

A nurse is preparing to teach about renal agenesis.Which information should the nurse include? Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

A) Die within 1 year of birth
B) Can expect to have a normal, healthy life
C) Are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth
D) Have structural abnormalities that can be corrected with surgery