Question 1

A nurse recalls physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?&#10;A) Prostate&#10;B) Lung&#10;C) Bone&#10;D) Colon

Accepted Answer

Physical activity has been proven to reduce the risk for breast and colon cancers, but its effect in reducing prostate, lung, or bone cancer is not as strong.

Question 2

A 50-year-old female confirms chronic alcohol intake.This practice places the patient at risk for cancer in which organs? (select all that apply)&#10;A) Larynx&#10;B) Esophagus&#10;C) Liver&#10;D) Lung&#10;E) Brain&#10;F) Breast

Accepted Answer

Chronic alcohol consumption is a strong risk factor for colorectal cancer and cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, and breast.It is not associated with lung or brain cancer.

Question 3

Chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that were not directly irradiated are referred to as:&#10;A) bystander effects.&#10;B) lethal mutation.&#10;C) delayed reproductive death.&#10;D) genetic instability.

Accepted Answer

The directly irradiated cells can lead to genetic effects in the so-called bystander cells or innocent cells.This is termed bystander effects.Lethal mutation and delayed reproductive death are similar phenomenons and are not related to bystander effects.Genetic instability is related to chromosomal instability.

Question 4

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma?&#10;A) Dark complexion, light eyes, underweight&#10;B) Light complexion, dark eyes, overweight&#10;C) Medium complexion, light eyes, smoker&#10;D) Light complexion, light eyes, fair hair

Accepted Answer

Individuals at risk for basal cell carcinoma have light complexions, light eyes, and fair hair.

Question 5

A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution.How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and:&#10;A) fireplace wood smoke.&#10;B) radon.&#10;C) benzene.&#10;D) chlorine.

Accepted Answer

Indoor pollution is related to cigarette smoke and radon.Indoor pollution is not related to fireplace smoke, benzene, or chlorine.

Question 6

A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of sunbathing.Which of the following cancers is most likely?&#10;A) Lymphoma&#10;B) Adenoma&#10;C) Basal cell carcinoma&#10;D) Leukemia

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is related to UV radiation primarily from the sun.Neither lymphoma, adenoma, nor leukemia is related to sunbathing.

Question 7

The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following?&#10;A) It increases fluid loss, leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon.&#10;B) It increases blood supply, thereby increasing oxygen to the colon.&#10;C) It increases gut motility, thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.&#10;D) It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, thereby killing mutants.

Accepted Answer

Physical activity increases gut motility, thereby decreasing exposure to mutagens.Physical activity does increase fluid loss and blood supply, but neither effect prevents mutagens.Physical activity does not increase hydrochloric acid.

Question 8

The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to:&#10;A) ultraviolet (UV) radiation.&#10;B) radon.&#10;C) estrogen.&#10;D) cigarette smoke.

Accepted Answer

UV radiation is an important risk factor as are radon and estrogen exposure, but cigarette smoking remains the most important cause of cancer.

Question 9

When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?&#10;A) Transgenerational inheritance&#10;B) Epigenetics&#10;C) Histone modification&#10;D) Developmental plasticity

Accepted Answer

Developmental plasticity is the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment.Transgenerational inheritance is the heritable transmission to future generations of environmentally caused phenotypes.Epigenetics is the role of genes in development and disease.Histone modifications are changes in genetic acetylation.

Question 10

A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 mcg/L.Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?&#10;A) Liver&#10;B) Skin&#10;C) Colon&#10;D) Kidney

Accepted Answer

Evidence indicates an increased risk of bladder, skin, and lung cancers following consumption of water with high levels of arsenic.Evidence for cancers of the liver, colon, and kidney is weaker following consumption of water with high levels of arsenic.

Question 11

A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer retired from construction work.Which cancer is likely to develop secondarily to occupational hazards?&#10;A) Mesothelioma&#10;B) Bladder cancer&#10;C) Prostate cancer&#10;D) Bone cancer

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer...

Question 12

When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss?&#10;A) Increasing hypersensitivity&#10;B) Facilitating new mutations&#10;C) Promoting cell death&#10;D) Enhancing mitosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an oncologist is teaching about how...

Deck 11: Cancer Epidemiology