Deck 9: The Cardiovascular Systemcardiology

Question 1

The medical term for oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart is

A) angina pectoris.
B) diaphoresis.
C) arrhythmia.
D) pectoralgia.
E) palpitation.

Answer 1

angina pectoris.

Question 2

What is the correct pronunciation of the medical term venogram?

A) VAI-noh-gram
B) VAI-nuh-gram
C) VEE-noh-gram
D) VUH-nuh-gram

Answer 2

VEE-noh-gram

Question 3

Translate the root phleb/o.

A) artery
B) fatty plaque
C) valve
D) vein
E) vessel

Answer 3

vein

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term endocardium?

A) endo (around) + card (heart) + ium (tissue) = tissue around the heart
B) endo (outside) + card (heart) + ium (tissue) = tissue outside the heart
C) endo (through) + card (heart) + ium (tissue) = tissue through the heart
D) endo (upon) + card (heart) + ium (tissue) = tissue upon the heart
E) endo (inside) + card (heart) + ium (tissue) = tissue inside the heart

Question 5

All of the following terms refer to an irregular heartbeat EXCEPT

A) angina pectoris.
B) arrhythmia.
C) dysrhythmia.
D) palpitation.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term epicardium into its component parts?

A) epi/cardium
B) epicardi/um
C) epi/card/ium
D) e/picar/dium
E) e/pi/cardi/um

Question 7

Identify the correct definition for the medical term diaphoresis.

A) loss of blood
B) oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
C) pain in a vein
D) profuse sweating
E) rapid or irregular beating of the heart

Question 8

Which of the following word roots translates as a partition?

A) part/o
B) sept/o
C) atri/o
D) ventricul/o
E) valvul/o

Question 9

All of the following statements about a heart valve are true EXCEPT

A) The root for heart valve is valvul/o.
B) The heart has four valves.
C) The purpose of heart valves is to prevent blood from flowing backward.
D) All of the statements are true.

Question 10

Identify and define the root in the medical term venospasm.

A) veno- vessel
B) veno- vein
C) spasm- dilation
D) spasm- involuntary contraction

Question 11

All of the following roots refer to vessels EXCEPT

A) angi/o.
B) arteri/o.
C) vas/o.
D) vascul/o.

Question 12

Translate the medical term phlebalgia.

A) pain in the chest
B) pain in the heart
C) pain in a vein
D) pain in the ventricle
E) pain in a vessel

Question 13

Which of the following medical terms means an excessive loss of blood?

A) hemoglobin
B) hemolysis
C) hemophilia
D) hemorrhage
E) hemostatic

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term aortolith?

A) aorto (aorta) + lith (condition) = condition in the aorta
B) aorto (aorta) + lith (dilation) = dilation of the aorta
C) aorto (aorta) + lith (disease) = disease in the aorta
D) aorto (aorta) + lith (inflammation) = inflammation of the aorta
E) aorto (aorta) + lith (stone) = stone in the aorta

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term pectoralgia into its component parts?

A) pector/algia
B) pec/tor/algia
C) pec/tor/alg/ia
D) pec/to/ralgi/a
E) pec/tor/al/gi/a

Question 16

Which root literally means crown and refers to the way the blood vessels that supply the heart descend and support the heart like a crown?

A) angi/o
B) arteri/o
C) cardi/o
D) coron/o
E) phleb/o

Question 17

Translate the root ather/o.

A) artery
B) fatty plaque
C) clot
D) atrium
E) vessel

Question 18

Identify and define the suffix in the medical term arteriosclerosis.

A) arterio - artery
B) scler - hard
C) sclero - hardening
D) sclerosis - condition of hardening
E) osis - condition

Question 19

Which of the following medical terms means tissue around the heart?

A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) myocardium
D) endocardium

Question 20

Identify and define the root in the medical term aortalgia.

A) aort- aorta
B) aort- artery
C) algia - hardening
D) algia- pain

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term arteriogram?

A) arterio (aorta) + gram (instrument to look) = instrument used to look at the aorta
B) arterio (artery) + gram (record) = record of an artery
C) arterio (fatty plaque) + gram (process of looking) = process of looking at fatty plaques
D) arterio (vein) + gram (process of recording) = process of recording the vein
E) arterio (vessel) + gram (instrument to record) = instrument to record a vessel

Question 22

Which of the following represents the best definition of the medical term murmur?

A) a gurgling sound in the chest
B) an abnormal heart sound
C) an irregular heartbeat
D) an abnormal sound heard in an artery

Question 23

Translate the medical term angiosclerosis.

A) condition of a blood vessel
B) disease of a blood vessel
C) involuntary contraction of a blood vessel
D) condition of vessel hardening
E) softening of a blood vessel

Question 24

Which of the following medical terms means rupture of an artery?

A) arteriopathy
B) arteriorrhaphy
C) arteriorrhexis
D) arteriosclerosis
E) arteritis

Question 25

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term coronary thrombosis?

A) coron (circulation) + ary (pertaining to) + thromb (clot) + osis (condition) = condition of a clot pertaining to the circulation
B) coron (circulation) + ary (pertaining to) + thromb (fatty plaque) + osis (condition) = condition of a fatty plaque pertaining to the circulation
C) coron (heart) + ary (pertaining to) + thromb (fatty plaque) + osis (condition) = condition of fatty plaque pertaining to the heart
D) coron (heart) + ary (pertaining to) + thromb (clot) + osis (condition) = condition of a clot pertaining to the heart

Question 26

Translate the medical term vasospasm.

A) condition of a blood vessel
B) disease of a blood vessel
C) involuntary contraction of a vessel
D) condition of vessel hardening
E) involuntary contraction of a vein

Question 27

Which of the following medical terms means closing or blockage of a passage?

A) arteriorrhexis
B) embolus
C) occlusion
D) thrombus
E) venosclerosis

Question 28

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term pericarditis?

A) peri (around) + card (heart) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the tissue around the heart
B) peri (inside) + card (heart) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the tissue inside the heart
C) peri (through) + card (heart) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of all heart tissue
D) peri (upon) + card (heart) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the tissue upon the heart
E) peri (upper) + card (heart) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the tissue of the upper portion of the heart

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term angiocarditis into its component parts?

A) angio/carditis
B) angiocard/itis
C) an/gio/card/it/is
D) an/gio/card/itis
E) angio/card/itis

Question 30

Which of the following is the best definition of a varicose vein?

A) a large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body and returns it to the heart
B) a large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body and returns it to the heart
C) an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin
D) the lower portion of each side of the heart
E) the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 31

Translate the medical term phlebotomy as literally as possible.

A) Vein incision procedure-the technical term for bloodletting
B) Vein incision procedure-the technical term for drawing blood
C) Vein specialist-one who draws blood
D) Vein specialist-specialist in veins
E) Study of veins

Question 32

Which of the following terms describes a hardening of an artery due to the build-up of fatty plaque?

A) arteriosclerosis
B) atherosclerosis
C) embolus
D) aneurysm
E) thrombus

Question 33

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term angiography?

A) angio (aorta) + graphy (looking procedure) = procedure to look at the aorta
B) angio (artery) + graphy (looking procedure) = procedure to look at the arteries
C) angio (blood) + graphy (recording procedure) = procedure to record the blood
D) angio (vein) + graphy (writing procedure) = procedure to describe the veins
E) angio (vessel) + graphy (writing procedure) = procedure to describe the vessels

Question 34

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term phlebosclerosis?

A) phleboscler/osis
B) phle/bosclerosis
C) phlebo/scler/osis
D) phle/boscle/ros/is
E) phleb/o/scler/o/sis

Question 35

The medical term for narrowing of the aorta is

A) aortalgia.
B) aortectasia.
C) aortic stenosis.
D) aortolith.
E) aortorrhaphy.

Question 36

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term arteriopathy?

A) arterio (artery) + pathy (blockage) = blockage of the arteries
B) arterio (artery) + pathy (disease) = disease of the arteries
C) arterio (artery) + pathy (condition) = condition of the arteries
D) arterio (artery) + pathy (pertaining to) = pertaining to the arteries
E) arterio (artery) + pathy (tumor) = tumor of the arteries

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term thrombophlebitis?

A) thrombo (clot) + phleb (vein) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the vein caused by a clot
B) thrombo (clot) + phleb (vessel) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the vessel caused by a clot
C) thrombo (fatty plaque) + phleb (vein) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the vein caused by a fatty plaque
D) thrombo (fatty plaque) + phleb (vessel) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the vessel caused by a fatty plaque

Question 38

Translate the medical term myocardium.

A) tissue of heart muscle
B) tissue around the heart
C) tissue lining the outside of the heart
D) tissue upon the heart
E) tissue lining the inside of the heart

Question 39

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term aortogram?

A) aorto (aorta) + gram (instrument to look) = instrument used to look at the aorta
B) aorto (aorta) + gram (instrument) = instrument used to make a record of the aorta
C) aorto (aorta) + gram (process of looking) = process of looking at the aorta
D) aorto (aorta) + gram (record) = record of the aorta
E) aorto (aorta) + gram (specialist) = specialist in the aorta

Question 40

Which of the following medical terms means specialist in vein cutting?

A) angiologist
B) cardiologist
C) phlebotomist
D) phlebology
E) phlebologist

Question 41

Which of the following medical terms means condition of vein narrowing?

A) phlebosclerosis
B) venoconstriction
C) vasodilator
D) phlebostenosis
E) venostasis

Question 42

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term angiorrhaphy?

A) angio (artery) + rrhaphy (incision) = incision into an artery
B) angio (atrium) + rrhaphy (puncture) = puncture of the atrium
C) angio (valve) + rrhaphy (reconstruction) = reconstruction of a valve
D) angio (vein) + rrhaphy (removal) = removal of a vein
E) angio (vessel) + rrhaphy (suture) = suture of a vessel

Question 43

Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of the blood vessels?

A) vasculitis
B) carditis
C) valvulitis
D) ventriculitis
E) atritis

Question 44

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term valvuloplasty?

A) valvulo (valve) + plasty (incision) = incision into a valve
B) valvulo (valve) + plasty (puncture) = puncture of a valve
C) valvulo (valve) + plasty (reconstruction) = reconstruction of a valve
D) valvulo (valve) + plasty (removal) = removal of a valve
E) valvulo (valve) + plasty (suture) = suture of a valve

Question 45

Which of the following is the medical term that describes a blockage of blood to the heart muscle?

A) aortic regurgitation
B) cardiomyopathy
C) congestive heart failure
D) myocardial infarction
E) myocardial ischemia

Question 46

Which of the following medical terms describes the backward flow of blood caused by a weak heart valve?

A) regurgitation
B) infarction
C) ischemia
D) murmur
E) septal defect

Question 47

Translate the medical term myocarditis.

A) blockage of blood to the heart muscle
B) blockage of the heart
C) inflammation of the tissue around the heart
D) inflammation of the muscle of the heart
E) inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

Question 48

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term endarterectomy into its component parts?

A) end/arterectomy
B) endarter/ectomy
C) end/arterec/tomy
D) end/arter/ectomy
E) end/art/er/ectomy

Question 49

Which of the following medical terms describes a drug used to break down clots?

A) anticoagulant
B) embolectant
C) thrombectomy
D) thrombolytic
E) vasopressor

Question 50

Which of the following statements describes a deep vein thrombosis?

A) an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin
B) a blood clot
C) the formation of a blood clot in a vein in the body, most commonly the leg
D) inflammation of a vein caused by a clot
E) a mass of matter present in the blood

Question 51

Translate the term angioma.

A) condition of an artery
B) tumor in a vessel
C) tumor in a vein
D) disease of a vessel
E) blockage in a vein

Question 52

____________is the medical term for a bulge in a blood vessel.

A) Aneurysm
B) Angiorrhexis
C) Arteriopathy
D) Embolus
E) Thrombus

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true about the medical term hypotension?

A) The term breaks down as hypo (under) + tens (stretch) + ion (condition).
B) It means a person has low blood pressure.
C) It means that the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels is not normal.
D) All of the statements are true.
E) None of the statements is true.

Question 54

Translate the term angioedema.

A) constriction of a vein
B) tumor in a vessel
C) blockage in a vein
D) shrinking of a vessel
E) swelling of a vessel

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term antiarrhythmic into its component parts?

A) anti/arrhythmic
B) antiarrhythm/ic
C) anti/arrhythm/ic
D) anti/a/rrhythm/ic
E) anti/ar/rhy/thmic

Question 56

Translate the medical term atherectomy.

A) surgical removal of a blood clot
B) surgical removal of a blood clot in motion
C) surgical removal of a bulge in a blood vessel
D) surgical removal of a mass of matter present in the blood
E) surgical removal of fatty plaque

Question 57

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term pericardiocentesis?

A) peri (around) + cardio (heart) + centesis (puncture) = puncture around the heart
B) peri (around) + cardio (heart) + centesis (suture) = suture of the tissue around the heart
C) peri (inside) + cardio (heart) + centesis (puncture) = puncture inside the heart
D) peri (inside) + cardio (heart) + centesis (suture) = suture of the tissue inside the heart
E) peri (upon) + cardio (heart) + centesis (puncture) = puncture upon the heart

Question 58

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term anticoagulant?

A) anti (against) + coagul (clot) + ant (agent) = a drug that opposes the formation of clotting cells
B) anti (against) + coagul (coagulation) + ant (agent) = drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood
C) anti (assist) + coagul (clot) + ant (agent) = drug that aids in the clotting of the blood
D) anti (assist) + coagul (destruction) + ant (agent) = drug that aids in the destruction of blood clots

Question 59

Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of a heart valve?

A) atritis
B) valvulitis
C) carditis
D) vasculitis
E) ventriculitis

Question 60

Translate the medical term embolectomy.

A) surgical removal of a blood clot
B) surgical removal of a blood clot in motion
C) surgical removal of a bulge in a blood vessel
D) surgical removal of a mass of matter present in the blood
E) surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery

Question 61

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: Sharon's symptoms were consistent with congestive heart failure. It was decided to surgically correct her VSD. She underwent a sternotomy and atriotomy for patch placement in the ventricular septum to correct her VSD. This was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass. Sharon tolerated the procedure well and is now being admitted for postoperative observation and care. According to this patient's medical history, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) As part of the surgery, the surgeon made an incision in Sharon's sternum and the upper chamber of her heart.
B) Sharon had symptoms that are consistent with heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself.
C) Sharon has a congenital heart defect.
D) Sharon has a surgery to bypass an artery in the heart.
E) Sharon's symptoms were consistent with CHF.

Question 62

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: Sharon Jackson is a 12-month-old female with a history of VSD first discovered on echocardiogram shortly after birth. She has been followed by a cardiologist. She had been stable until the past month, when her parents noticed that she had increased difficulty eating. She would sweat after eating and become cyanotic with exertion. According to this patient's medical history, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Sharon had an ECHO that revealed a flaw in the septum that divides the two upper chambers of the heart.
B) Sharon had an ECHO that revealed a flaw in the septum that divides the two lower chambers of the heart.
C) Sharon had symptoms consistent with a lack of oxygen after she exerted herself.
D) Sharon's skin became bluish in color after physical exertion.
E) Sharon's mother took her to a heart specialist.

Question 63

Which of the following medical terms means surgical reconstruction of a vessel?

A) angiography
B) angioplasty
C) angiopoiesis
D) angiorrhaphy
E) angiotomy

Question 64

What is the correct definition of an ASD?

A) a flaw in the partition that divides the two lower chambers of the heart
B) a flaw in the partition that divides the two upper chambers of the heart
C) obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot
D) quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's upper chamber
E) quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's lower chamber

Question 65

Which of the following statements regarding the force exerted by blood on the wall of blood vessels is TRUE?

A) The force is abbreviated as BP.
B) The force is called blood pressure.
C) The force has a diastolic pressure, pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed, and a systolic pressure, pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracted.
D) All of the statements are true.
E) None of the statements is true.

Question 66

On a patient's Cardiology Consult Note, the physician wrote, "Impression: Acute myocardial infarction." What is an accurate interpretation of this part of the note?

A) The patient has been diagnosed with a heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself.
B) The patient will be scheduled for surgery to remove heart muscle.
C) The patient's heart muscle is enlarged, blocking blood flow.
D) The physician believes that a region of the patient's heart muscle tissue is dead.
E) The physician observed some inflammation in the patient's heart.

Question 67

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: Plan: Patient has already had an emergency coronary arteriography, which showed three stenotic vessels. I have recommended CABG over percutaneous catheterization due to three-vessel involvement, and the patient agrees. According to the information in this patient's health record, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

A) The physician recommends a coronary artery bypass graft.
B) The physician recommends a surgery using a borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass a blocked artery in the heart.
C) The physician recommends an alternative treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessel into the heart.
D) The physician recommends coronary artery bypass surgery.
E) The physician recommends the patient have surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart.

Question 68

Which of the following abbreviations refers to a heart procedure?

A) CABG
B) DVT
C) MVP
D) SCA
E) SV

Question 69

Which of the following abbreviations is NOT a diagnostic procedure?

A) ECHO
B) EKG
C) MRA
D) NSR
E) TEE

Question 70

Which of the following medical terms means an incision into the tissue around the heart?

A) endocardiorrhaphy
B) endocardotomy
C) epicardiectomy
D) pericardiocentesis
E) pericardiotomy

Question 71

Read the information found in a patient's Cardiothoracic Surgery Clinic Note: Subjective: Mrs. Short presents to my office for her routine postoperative visit following aortic valvuloplasty. She has recently had difficulty breathing with exercise and episodes of syncope. An echocardiogram revealed left ventricular hypertrophy. Since she was becoming symptomatic, she was referred to my office for surgical correction. She underwent aortic valvuloplasty 5 days previously and was discharged 2 days ago. Since her surgery, she has had a few episodes of tachycardia and a funny feeling in her chest. She denies pain or fever. Which of the following statements is a correct interpretation of the information found in this patient's Clinic Note?

A) The ECHO revealed a thickening of the walls on the left lower chamber of the heart.
B) The EKG revealed a thickening of the walls on the left lower chamber of the heart.
C) The ECHO revealed a thickening of the walls on the left upper chamber of the heart.
D) The EKG revealed a thickening of the walls on the left upper chamber of the heart.

Question 72

What is the correct description for the abbreviation TEE?

A) image of the heart produced using sound waves while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress
B) procedure to look inside a blood vessel
C) process of inserting a tube into the heart
D) record of the electrical currents of the heart
E) record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

Question 73

Read the following information found in Mr. Pain's health record. EKG: Ischemic changes. Lab: Cardiac enzymes elevated. CXR: No cardiomegaly. According to the health record, which statement is NOT true?

A) His chest x-ray did not reveal an enlarged heart.
B) Mr. Pain had an electrocardiogram.
C) Mr. Pain's labs revealed a greater number of cardiac enzymes.
D) The electrical currents revealed changes that show a blockage of blood flow to the heart.
E) The tests performed on Mr. Pain were unremarkable.

Question 74

Which of the following medical terms means an incision into the heart muscle?

A) cardiomyopathy
B) cardiomyotomy
C) cardiothoracic surgery
D) cardioversion
E) myocardectomy

Question 75

What is the correct definition for the abbreviation SCA?

A) sudden angiocarditis: sudden inflammation of the heart vessels
B) sudden cardiac aneurysm: sudden bulge in a blood vessel of the heart
C) sudden cardiac angioma: sudden blood vessel tumor of the heart
D) sudden cardiac arrest: sudden cessation of functional circulation
E) systemic anticoagulant: a drug that opposes the coagulation of blood in all body systems

Question 76

Which of the following drugs causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel?

A) antianginal
B) vasoconstrictor
C) vasodilator
D) vasopressor

Question 77

What does the abbreviation HTN stand for?

A) heart treatment necessary
B) hemorrhagic thrombosis
C) hypertension
D) hypotension
E) normotensive

Question 78

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: Chest: Sternotomy incision healing well without warmth, erythema, or induration. Dressing clean and dry. Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the term sternotomy?

A) sterno (sternum) + tomy (binding) = binding of the sternum
B) sterno (sternum) + tomy (breaking) = breaking of the sternum
C) sterno (sternum) + tomy (cut) = incision into the sternum
D) sterno (sternum) + tomy (reconstruction) = reconstruction of the sternum
E) sterno (sternum) + tomy (removal) = removal of the sternum

Question 79

What is the correct description of the abbreviation PCI?

A) a heart procedure where a borrowed piece of blood vessel is used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
B) an alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart
C) an incision into the tissue around the heart
D) a puncture of the tissue around the heart
E) surgery that involves cutting through the patient's chest to get to the heart

Question 80

Read the following excerpt from a patient's health record: ASSESSMENT: 1. Postop for VSD repair-routine postop orders and care; 2. When the patient switches to PO, we will d/c IV ABx, and at discharge, she will continue antibiotics as needed for endocarditis prophylaxis. For what did this patient have an operation?

A) atrial fibrillation
B) atrial septal defect
C) endocarditis
D) ventral flutter
E) ventricular septal defect