Deck 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

A 13-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body.Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma.These lesions are referred to as:

A) macules.
B) nevi.
C) plaques.
D) keloids.

Answer 1

nevi.

Question 2

A 50-year-old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosuppressive drugs.He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk.He reports that he had chickenpox as a child.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history?

A) Erysipelas
B) Poliomyelitis
C) Warts
D) Herpes zoster

Answer 2

Herpes zoster

Question 3

Individuals of which descent are more prone to developing keloids?

A) Black
B) Northern European
C) Asian
D) Native American

Answer 3

Black

Question 4

If a patient has carbuncles, the infection will be located in the:

A) hair follicles.
B) papillary layer of the dermis.
C) reticular layer of the dermis.
D) subcutaneous tissue.

Question 5

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale.She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus.This disorder is related to:

A) infection.
B) trauma.
C) autoimmunity.
D) cancer.

Question 6

A patient wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious.The correct response is:

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) Kaposi sarcoma (KS).
D) malignant melanoma.

Question 7

Fat cells are located in the:

A) epidermis.
B) dermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) fascia beneath the skin.

Question 8

Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?

A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Melanocyte

Question 9

A wound scar that is sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging is a result of excessive amounts of _____ accumulated during connective tissue repair.

A) elastin
B) collagen
C) keratin
D) calcification

Question 10

Of the sweat glands, the _____ glands are most abundant in the axillae and genital areas.

A) eccrine
B) apocrine
C) sebaceous
D) subcutaneous

Question 11

An increase in _____ is associated with pruritus.

A) substance P
B) norepinephrine
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 12

When assessing a patient diagnosed with localized scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed?

A) Cyanosis
B) Hyperpigmented
C) Necrosis
D) Thickening

Question 13

A 45-year-old male presents with a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes.The nurse would recognize this condition as:

A) lupus erythematosus.
B) pemphigus.
C) psoriasis.
D) eczema.

Question 14

A 40-year-old is diagnosed with skin cancer.It is explained that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:

A) amount of direct sun exposure at a young age.
B) amount of sun exposure over age 50.
C) lifetime amount of sun exposure.
D) living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense.

Question 15

A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions and is diagnosed with candidiasis.This condition is caused by a:

A) yeast-like fungus.
B) virus.
C) bacterium.
D) parasite.

Question 16

A 25-year-old paralyzed male develops a dermal pressure ulcer.When assessing the patient's skin, which finding is the first indication of this ulcer?

A) Redness
B) Whiteness
C) Indurations
D) Ulceration

Question 17

To promote efficient wound healing, which dressing should be applied to a superficial ulcer?

A) Thick and dry
B) Flat and moist
C) Bulky and dry
D) None

Question 18

For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition?

A) Poor hygiene
B) Older age
C) Systemic antibiotics
D) Anemia

Question 19

Pityriasis rosea is caused by a:

A) parasite.
B) virus.
C) bacteria.
D) fungus.

Question 20

A 52-year-old female diagnosed with systemic scleroderma is at risk for which complication?

A) Cutaneous vasculitis
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Cellulitis
D) Infection

Question 21

A client is burned through all the dermis with only a few epidermal appendages intact.This burn is classified as:

A) first degree.
B) superficial partial-thickness.
C) deep partial-thickness.
D) third degree.

Question 22

A 10-year-old male is playing with matches and gets burned.His burn is waxy white in appearance.This burn is classified as:

A) first degree.
B) superficial partial-thickness.
C) deep partial-thickness.
D) third degree.

Question 23

A 36-year-old male is experiencing frontotemporal hair recession.He is diagnosed with male pattern baldness, which is a form of:

A) alopecia.
B) areata.
C) hirsutism.
D) paronychia.

Question 24

In burn injury patients, the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:

A) depth of burn injury.
B) possibility of infection.
C) degree of systemic involvement.
D) total body surface area burned.

Question 25

A 28-year-old male is admitted to the burn unit 2 hours after receiving second- and third-degree burns over 50% of his body surface in an industrial explosion.Abnormal vital signs include low blood pressure and tachycardia.Lab results show a high hematocrit due to:

A) sickle cell syndrome.
B) fluid movement out of the vascular space.
C) renal failure.
D) increased vascular protein secondary to increased metabolism.

Question 26

A 70-year-old male nursing home resident developed a dermal pressure ulcer.This condition is most often caused by (select all that apply):

A) Shearing forces
B) Friction
C) Moisture
D) Unrelieved pressure
E) High-carbohydrate diet

Question 27

A 15-year-old female reports abnormal hair growth on her face and body.This condition is referred to as:

A) alopecia.
B) areata.
C) hirsutism.
D) paronychia.

Question 28

Hypovolemia in the early stages of burn shock is directly related to:

A) decreased cardiac contractility and shunting of blood away from visceral organs.
B) increased capillary permeability and evaporative water loss.
C) hypometabolism and renal water loss.
D) bacterial infection of the wound and resulting bacteremia.

Question 29

Which of the following burns is most painful?

A) First degree
B) Second degree
C) Charring
D) Third degree

Question 30

A 27-year-old male lung transplant patient developed Kaposi sarcoma (KS).The nurse knows that the cause of this patient's KS is most likely related to the fact that the patient:

A) is malnourished.
B) was exposed to hepatitis B.
C) is immunosuppressed.
D) was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.

Question 31

Which process would be expected in the first 24 hours following a serious burn?

A) Increased capillary permeability
B) Diuresis
C) Decreased levels of stress hormones
D) Fluid overload

Question 32

Dermal appendages include which of the following structures? (select all that apply)

A) Apocrine glands
B) Nails
C) Dermal papilla
D) Hair
E) Eccrine glands

Question 33

A 30-year-old female has a history of frequent candidiasis.The area most likely affected includes: (select all that apply)

A) plantar surface of the foot.
B) eyes.
C) ears.
D) mucous membranes.
E) vagina.