Deck 20: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

The primary organ involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the

A) adrenal gland.
B) pancreas.
C) kidney.
D) liver.

Answer 1

B
The hormone insulin must be present for glucose to be used by the cells in the body.Insulin is produced by the cells of the pancreas.Thus.the pancreas is the organ involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Question 2

A fasting blood glucose level of 85 mg/dL would be considered consistent with

A) an impaired glucose tolerance.
B) diabetes.
C) normal health.
D) a diabetic coma.

Answer 2

C
A blood glucose below 100 mg/dL is considered normal.

Question 3

The largest portion of islet cells in the pancreas are the cells that synthesize

A) glucagon.
B) insulin.
C) somatostatin.
D) growth hormone.

Answer 3

B
The largest portion of islet cells are the cells that synthesize insulin.a hormone.

Question 4

Type 2 diabetes is most common in

A) infants.
B) children.
C) adolescents.
D) older adults.

Question 5

In reviewing the plan of care for a patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight and likes to eat sweets.an initial goal might be to

A) start 10 units of regular insulin 30 minutes before each meal.
B) replace a snack of five filled chocolate cookies with three graham crackers.
C) check blood sugar after eating cookies and initiate sliding scale insulin.
D) remove all carbohydrate foods and encourage only high-protein foods.

Question 6

Which of the following functions is not associated with the hormone insulin?

A) Insulin moves glucose into the cell.
B) Insulin inhibits fat breakdown.
C) Insulin converts glucose into glycogen.
D) Insulin mobilizes liver glycogen to yield glucose.

Question 7

A good source of fiber-rich food is

A) steel cut oats.
B) a grilled chicken breast.
C) cinnamon applesauce.
D) an English muffin.

Question 8

If a patient with type 1 diabetes has a fever and increased blood glucose levels.he or she should

A) drink only water until blood glucose levels drop.
B) adjust the insulin dose to normalize blood glucose levels.
C) maintain normal insulin doses and food intake.
D) seek medical advice immediately.

Question 9

A 62-year-old patient with a history of blood sugars slightly above normal and recurrent skin infections may need to be further assessed for

A) type 2 diabetes.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) chronic kidney disease.
D) hepatitis.

Question 10

An individual attends a community-sponsored.health-screening event and a slightly elevated blood sugar level is detected.An appropriate intervention would be to

A) inform the individual that he or she has diabetes and should go to the emergency room immediately.
B) recommend the individual start a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet and begin exercising.
C) recommend the individual follow up with his or her health care practitioner for further evaluation.
D) tell the individual not to worry and that there is no need for any additional follow-up.

Question 11

The hormone that is synthesized by the d cells of the pancreatic islets is

A) glycogen.
B) ketone.
C) somatostatin.
D) insulin.

Question 12

The hormone considered to act in a manner opposite to insulin is

A) glucagon.
B) somatostatin.
C) growth hormone.
D) adrenaline.

Question 13

For a patient receiving a 2000 kcal diet.the recommended range of calories that should come from carbohydrate is

A) 500 to 750 kcal.
B) 750 to 900 kcal.
C) 900 to 1300 kcal.
D) 1350 to 1650 kcal.

Question 14

An example of a food that would be part of the carbohydrate exchange group would be

A) whole-wheat bread.
B) vanilla ice cream.
C) white tuna.
D) skim milk.

Question 15

Ketones are a by-product of the metabolism of

A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) fats.
D) alcohol.

Question 16

For a patient with diabetes.a good nonnutritive choice to sweeten tea would be

A) cane sugar.
B) aspartame.
C) honey.
D) fructose.

Question 17

Uncontrolled diabetes is related to the abnormal metabolism of

A) carbohydrates and proteins.
B) proteins and fats.
C) carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
D) carbohydrates only.

Question 18

The main factors that influence development of type 2 diabetes mellitus are

A) weight and heredity.
B) liver disease.
C) enzyme deficiencies.
D) childhood illnesses.

Question 19

The three common.long-term complications of diabetes affect the cells of the

A) pancreas, liver, and spleen.
B) kidney, eye, and nerve tissue.
C) kidney, liver, and spleen.
D) heart, liver, and brain.

Question 20

The accumulation of glucose in the blood is called

A) glycosuria.
B) polydipsia.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 21

A patient with type 2 diabetes eats a high-protein.very low-carbohydrate diet to try to lose weight.The main long-term concern if the patient continues this eating pattern would be

A) excessive weight loss.
B) the development of hypertension.
C) the development of liver disease
D) the development of neuropathy.

Question 22

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus are at risk for developing

A) chronic kidney disease.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) type 1 diabetes.
D) morbid obesity.

Question 23

For individuals with type 2 diabetes.exercise

A) decreases insulin efficiency.
B) stimulates the release of insulin.
C) decreases risk of cardiovascular disease.
D) raises blood glucose levels.

Question 24

A dietary pattern that would be most beneficial for a patient with diabetes is a

A) low-sodium diet.
B) low-sugar diet.
C) high-protein diet.
D) Mediterranean diet.

Question 25

The number of kilocalories from protein for an adult receiving a 2200 kcal diet should be between

A) 100 and 330 kcal.
B) 220 and 770 kcal.
C) 250 and 800 kcal
D) 350 and 1200 kcal.

Question 26

The form of insulin that has its peak action after about 8 hours is

A) rapid-acting insulin.
B) intermediate-acting insulin.
C) long-acting insulin.
D) oral hypoglycemic insulin.

Question 27

A menu selection high in saturated fat is

A) grilled turkey burgers with onion and peppers.
B) baked ziti with sausage and cream sauce.
C) baked salmon and herbed potatoes.
D) baked macaroni and tomato sauce.

Question 28

Mr.Jones is 20 lb above his desirable weight and has type 2 diabetes.A recommendation to Mr.Jones would be to

A) increase kilocalorie intake.
B) include between-meal snacks.
C) take extra food during exercise.
D) decrease kilocalorie intake.

Question 29

A food that is not in the meat group of the Choose Your Foods: Exchange Lists for Diabetes is

A) turkey.
B) shrimp.
C) egg.
D) milk.

Question 30

Type 2 diabetes usually appears after the age of

A) 30 years.
B) 40 years.
C) 50 years.
D) 60 years.