Deck 21: Kidney Disease

Question 1

Mr.Jones has chronic kidney disease.He is 55 years of age.weighs 165 lbs.and has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR)of 22 mL/min.His estimated energy needs per day are approximately

A) 1125 to 2200 kcal/day.
B) 1500 to 2350 kcal/day.
C) 1875 to 2625 kcal/day.
D) 2250 to 2850 kcal/day.

Answer 1

C
Carbohydrate and fat must provide enough energy to spare protein and maintain body weight (BW).A GFR of 22 mL/min is consistent with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Recommended energy intake is 25 to 35 kcal/kg of BW/day.In this case.165 lb = 75 kg; 75 kg * 25 kcal/kg/day = 1875 kcal; 75 kg * 35 kcal/kg/day = 2625 kcal.

Question 2

The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by

A) blockage in the nephron tubules.
B) excessive fluid intake.
C) large protein losses in the urine.
D) a diet too high in sodium.

Answer 2

C
In nephrotic syndrome.large amounts of protein pass into the tubule.The large protein loss leads to massive edema and ascites as well as proteinuria.

Question 3

A major clinical symptom of acute kidney failure is

A) hematuria.
B) proteinuria.
C) oliguria.
D) massive edema.

Answer 3

C
A major symptom of acute kidney failure is oliguria.which is caused when the cellular debris from the tissue damage blocks the renal tubules.

Question 4

The presence of protein in the urine is called

A) hematuria.
B) oliguria.
C) proteinuria.
D) anuria.

Question 5

The structure responsible for filtering the blood is the

A) loop of Henle.
B) proximal tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) glomerulus.

Question 6

The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production is

A) renin.
B) vitamin D.
C) erythropoietin.
D) antidiuretic hormone.

Question 7

The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidneys' inability to

A) excrete calcium.
B) activate vitamin D.
C) absorb vitamin D.
D) excrete urea.

Question 8

Glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome is one of the causes of

A) stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
B) stage 1 CKD.
C) kidney stones.
D) heart failure.

Question 9

Nephrotic syndrome.or nephrosis.is a disease that

A) is caused by chronic hypertension.
B) allows large amounts of protein to escape into the tubule.
C) causes the buildup of toxic wastes in the blood.
D) results in the formation of kidney stones.

Question 10

The sudden shutdown of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called

A) nephrosis.
B) glomerulonephritis.
C) acute kidney failure.
D) chronic kidney failure.

Question 11

Clinical symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease do not include

A) anemia.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) hypertension.
D) bone pain.

Question 12

A progressive increase in serum urea levels occurs in

A) acute renal failure.
B) glomerulonephritis.
C) chronic kidney failure.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Question 13

Disease conditions that can interfere with normal kidney function include

A) obstruction and infection.
B) chronic caffeine intake.
C) chronic alcohol abuse.
D) anemia.

Question 14

The microscopic functional units of the kidney are called

A) nephrons.
B) glomeruli.
C) tubules.
D) loops of Henle.

Question 15

Medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome includes

A) high protein intake.
B) moderate protein intake.
C) high potassium intake.
D) fluid restriction.

Question 16

Azotemia refers to elevated blood levels of

A) glucose.
B) cholesterol.
C) amines.
D) urea.

Question 17

The bone disease osteodystrophy is associated with

A) glomerulonephritis.
B) acute renal failure.
C) chronic renal failure.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Question 18

Classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include

A) azotemia.
B) proteinuria.
C) ascites.
D) anemia.

Question 19

The classic symptoms of chronic kidney failure result from

A) a diet high in sodium.
B) a diet chronically low in fluid intake.
C) severe trauma to the body.
D) the progressive loss of nephrons.

Question 20

Ms.Jones comes to the emergency department with a severe drug reaction to penicillin.She may be at risk for

A) diabetes or heart disease.
B) high sodium intake.
C) protein-energy malnutrition.
D) acute kidney failure.

Question 21

When patients with chronic kidney disease begin dialysis.they can increase their intake of

A) protein.
B) phosphorus.
C) energy.
D) fat.

Question 22

The "cleaning solution" used in hemodialysis is called the

A) filtrate.
B) plasma.
C) urine.
D) dialysate.

Question 23

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure include

A) nitrogen retention.
B) euphoria.
C) jaundice.
D) the inability to sleep.

Question 24

Carbohydrates and fats are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they

A) prevent fatigue.
B) spare protein for tissue synthesis.
C) are low in sodium.
D) are metabolized before they reach the kidney.

Question 25

The most common type of kidney stone is composed of

A) calcium.
B) uric acid.
C) cystine.
D) magnesium.

Question 26

The type of diet recommended for a person with a calcium stone depends on

A) body weight.
B) the composition of the stone.
C) fiber intake.
D) fluid intake.

Question 27

For patients with uric acid stones.health practitioners may recommend a diet low in

A) calcium.
B) vegetable protein.
C) purines.
D) fat.

Question 28

One of the first recommendations for any type of kidney stone is to

A) increase the fiber in the diet.
B) reduce calcium intake.
C) increase fluid intake.
D) decrease protein intake.

Question 29

The method of dialysis that allows patients to be mobile is

A) hemodialysis.
B) renal dialysis.
C) peritoneal dialysis.
D) continuous dialysis.

Question 30

For patients treated with dialysis.a good source of protein could be

A) sherbet.
B) green beans.
C) a scrambled egg.
D) apple crisp.

Question 31

Patients with chronic renal disease may need to restrict their intake of foods high in phosphorus.such as

A) milk, nuts, and legumes.
B) meat, chicken, and fish.
C) bread, cereal, rice, and pasta.
D) fruit and potatoes.