Deck 9: Mental Passivity: the British Tradition

Question 1

A theory of evolution based upon the needs of the organism was proposed by:

A) Stephen Gray.
B) Edmund Halley.
C) William Herschel.
D) James Bradley.
E) Erasmus Darwin.

Answer 1

Erasmus Darwin.

Question 2

Hartley's view of Hume's psychology:

A) supported belief in self-reflection of the mind.
B) added a physiological explanation of associations.
C) refuted the latter's reductionistic position.
D) supported the latter's belief in mental activity.
E) denied the distinction between primary and secondary qualities.

Answer 2

added a physiological explanation of associations.

Question 3

One of the founders of the Greenwich Observatory was:

A) Stephen Gray.
B) Edmund Halley.
C) William Herschel.
D) James Bradley.
E) Erasmus Darwin.

Answer 3

Edmund Halley.

Question 4

Berkeley resolved the relationship between reality, or physical matter, and the mind by his:

A) belief in the certainty of the mind's operations only.
B) belief in the certainty of matter only.
C) distinction between primary and secondary qualities.
D) position that humans are born with innate ideas.
E) dismissal of the need for the concept of the mind.

Question 5

Experiments on the conduction of electricity were done by:

A) Stephen Gray.
B) Edmund Halley.
C) William Herschel.
D) James Bradley.
E) Erasmus Darwin.

Question 6

The discovery of the planet Uranus was made by:

A) Stephen Gray.
B) Edmund Halley.
C) William Herschel.
D) James Bradley.
E) Erasmus Darwin.

Question 7

Locke's political teachings held that:

A) monarchy is innately enlightened to govern.
B) the proper religion of the monarch should determine the beliefs of the governed.
C) individual abilities are determined by heredity.
D) individual abilities are determined by experience.
E) individual abilities are determined by both heredity and experience.

Question 8

Locke resolved the relationship between reality, or physical matter, and the mind by his:

A) belief in the certainty of the mind's operations only.
B) belief in the certainty of matter only.
C) distinction between primary and secondary qualities.
D) position that humans are born with innate ideas.
E) dismissal of the need for the concept of the mind.

Question 9

The notion of tabula rasa was proposed by:

A) Hobbes,
B) Locke.
C) Berkeley.
D) Hume.
E) Hartley.

Question 10

The relationship between motion in the environment and sensations was stressed by:

A) Hobbes
B) Locke.
C) Berkeley.
D) Hume.
E) Hartley.

Question 11

One of the pioneers of experimentation in anatomy was:

A) Erasmus Darwin.
B) John Hunter.
C) Charles Martland.
D) Zabdiel Boylston.
E) Francis Drake.

Question 12

The motivational principle of Hobbes' psychology was:

A) the will.
B) the intellect.
C) the emotions.
D) desire.
E) the environment.

Question 13

Depth perception as the association between ocular sensations and experience was proposed by:

A) Hobbes.
B) Locke.
C) Berkeley.
D) Hume.
E) Hartley.

Question 14

Britain of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was remarkable for its:

A) large armies.
B) great universities.
C) absolute monarchy.
D) great literature.
E) intellectual freedom.

Question 15

The major theme of the British empiricist tradition held that:

A) the mind is active.
B) the mind is passive.
C) sensation is the sole psychological process.
D) the mind is an unnecessary construct.
E) the method of science is optimally deductive.

Question 16

The view that vibrations of brain fibers form ideas was proposed by:

A) Hobbes.
B) Locke.
C) Berkeley.
D) Hume.
E) Hartley.

Question 17

Berkeley saw the problem of mind and matter as:

A) God generating the mind.
B) matter structured for the mind.
C) the mind relating to matter.
D) matter generating the mind.
E) the mind generating matter.

Question 18

The mind, for Hume, was defined as:

A) solely the functions of the mind.
B) active.
C) self-reflection.
D) innately endowed.
E) the ego of consciousness.

Question 19

The person who influenced adoption of the Gregorian calendar in England was:

A) Stephen Gray.
B) Edmund Halley.
C) William Herschel.
D) James Bradley.
E) Erasmus Darwin.

Question 20

Locke proposed two functions of the mind,:

A) sensation and perception.
B) sensation and association.
C) sensation and intuition.
D) association and innate ideas.
E) association and reflection.

Question 21

Bentham's influence on James Mill was contained in his:

A) empiricism.
B) utilitarianism.
C) scholasticism.
D) Common Sense.
E) positivism.

Question 22

For John Stuart Mill, associations allow the mind to:

A) be reduced to simple sensations.
B) be synonymous with the vibrations of brain fibers.
C) generate the complex out of the simple.
D) act on self-contained innate ideas.
E) act unpredictably.

Question 23

The psychology of Alexander Bain proposed:

A) innate ideas.
B) the spiritual character of the soul.
C) mental causality.
D) psychophysical parallelism.
E) mental activity.

Question 24

The move away from extreme reductionism and skepticism in the British empirical movement was accomplished by:

A) Berkeley.
B) Locke.
C) Bentham.
D) the Scottish Common Sense school.
E) the English positivists.

Question 25

For James Mill, complex ideas are:

A) aggregates of simple ideas.
B) products of mental chemistry.
C) more than mental compounding.
D) specific nerve fibers.
E) irreducible.

Question 26

The notion of associations as simple and relative suggestions was proposed by:

A) Locke.
B) Reid.
C) Brown.
D) Bentham.
E) James Mill.