Deck 10: Mental Activity: the German Tradition

Question 1

The perceptual forms of the mind for Kant were:

A) imposed by objects in the environment.
B) composed of mental categories.
C) reducible to sensations.
D) empirically derived.
E) acquired through experience.

Answer 1

composed of mental categories.

Question 2

The immediate antecedent influence on German thought was from:

A) Aristotle.
B) Locke.
C) Condillac.
D) Descartes.
E) Spinoza.

Answer 2

Spinoza.

Question 3

One of the greatest mathematicians of the eighteenth century was:

A) Guericke.
B) Fahrenheit.
C) Tschirnhaus.
D) Euler.
E) Kleist.

Answer 3

Euler.

Question 4

Wolff's rational psychology dealt with:

A) sensory processes.
B) mental activity.
C) monadology.
D) physiology.
E) deduction.

Question 5

Leibniz defined monads as:

A) associations.
B) sensations.
C) the soul.
D) unextended units of force of energy.
E) the organization of the mind.

Question 6

Leibniz viewed the mind as:

A) a passive receptor of sensory data.
B) the active transformer of sensory data.
C) determined by the environment.
D) limited to association and self-reflection.
E) the storage of sensory experience.

Question 7

Leibniz's view of the mind-body problem:

A) completely followed Descartes's view.
B) completely followed Spinoza's view.
C) was ultimately reduced to environmental determinacy.
D) was replaced by his theory of monadology of the body.
E) asserted independent physical and mental processes organized in pre-established harmony.

Question 8

One of the major benefits to intellectual inquiry in Prussian Germany was the:

A) efficient government bureaucracy.
B) government support of the university system.
C) universally spoken German language.
D) uniformity in religious belief.
E) freedom of the press.

Question 9

According to Herbart, psychology should:

A) be an experimental discipline.
B) question the reliability of observations.
C) study the passive intellect.
D) be reduced to physiological processes.
E) study the mathematical generalizations of mental operations.

Question 10

Wolff's empirical psychology dealt with:

A) sensory processes.
B) mental activity.
C) monadology.
D) physiology.
E) deduction.

Question 11

For Kant, the human mind was:

A) a passive receptor of sensory information.
B) reducible to sensory input.
C) composed of the brain and the nervous system.
D) endowed with specific knowledge of nature.
E) an active entity governed by innate laws and structures.

Question 12

Moral activities for Kant were governed by:

A) a priori mental conditions of the will.
B) social conventions.
C) the acquisition of experience.
D) God's will.
E) subconscious striving.

Question 13

For Beneke, psychology should:

A) be restricted to the study of innate ideas.
B) concentrate on acquired associations.
C) study both acquired and innate dispositions.
D) study sensory experiences only.
E) be reduced to physiological processes.

Question 14

A battery capable of sustaining an electrical charge for several hours was developed by:

A) Guericke.
B) Fahrenheit.
C) Tschirnhaus.
D) Euler.
E) Kleist.

Question 15

The process of thought for Leibniz was viewed as:

A) the aggregate of association sequences.
B) the product of self-reflection.
C) an ongoing, continuous activity of the mind.
D) reducible to simple sensations.
E) originating from God.

Question 16

For Lotze, the elements of experience are:

A) reducible to sensation.
B) explained by nervous activity.
C) quantitative.
D) qualitative.
E) innate.

Question 17

Mesmer's pseudo-cures were initially accepted because:

A) people wanted to believe in them, relative to the primitive state of medicine.
B) he had the support of the French government.
C) his views differed little from the prevailing philosophical directions of Germany.
D) he demonstrated the scientific basis of hypnotism.
E) his views were supported by the Church.

Question 18

The mental categories of Kant's system were:

A) derived from primary qualities.
B) independent of mental activity.
C) physiologically based.
D) a priori knowledge.
E) reducible to sensory input.

Question 19

Heat absorption and solar radiation were studied by:

A) Guericke.
B) Fahrenheit
C) Tschirnhaus.
D) Euler.
E) Kleist.

Question 20

Kant's views on mental activity may be summarized as:

A) materialistic.
B) sensationalistic.
C) rationalistic.
D) empiricistic.
E) inductive.

Question 21

The direction of psychology within German philosophy was:

A) materialistic.
B) reductionistic.
C) concerned with mental activity.
D) concerned with mental passivity.
E) dependent upon acquired experience.

Question 22

Lotze's psychology opposed:

A) mental activity.
B) materialism.
C) physiology.
D) empiricism.
E) Kant.