Deck 9: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

What is the name of the first type of juvenile institution?

A) house of refuge
B) house of children
C) house of corrections
D) house of pauperism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The youngest known person to be executed in the United States was a Cherokee youth named ______.

A) James Arcene
B) George Stinney
C) James Brown
D) Michael Carter Williams

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Most of the juveniles that have been sentenced to die in prison for crimes they committed at 13 or 14 are ______.

A) White
B) Asian American
C) Black
D) Hispanic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the sentence that has replaced the death penalty for homicide offenders under the age of 18?

A) 5 years
B) 25 to life
C) life in prison without parole
D) 10-15 years

Question 5

______ refers to the initiative that focuses on the proportion of juvenile minorities in confinement exceeding their proportion in the general population.

A) Over involvement initiative
B) Minority overrepresentation initiative
C) Disproportionate minority contact initiative
D) Juvenile justice initiative

Question 6

Most youth arrested in the United States are ______.

A) Black
B) White
C) Native American
D) Asian American

Question 7

Which group accounts for the largest share of juvenile arrests for property crime?

A) Blacks
B) Whites
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 8

______ is the document that provides a compendium of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs.

A) Platinum Juvenile Justice Programs
B) Gold Star Juvenile Programs
C) Model Program Guide
D) Ideal Juvenile Programs

Question 9

By the 1800s, concerned citizens who tried to reform children were referred to as ______.

A) child savers
B) activists
C) Quakers
D) agnostics

Question 10

Created by some conservative scholars, the term ______ describes chronic youth offenders who commit violent crimes and are usually not remorseful.

A) punks
B) thugs
C) superpredators
D) hoodlums

Question 11

The youngest age at which a juvenile has been sentenced to death is ______.

A) 14
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12

Question 12

The term used to describe racial disparities in school punishment and juvenile justice is ______.

A) criminal injustice in schools
B) school-to-prison pipeline
C) disproportionate minority contact
D) juvenile justice pipeline

Question 13

Today as a result of the 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision in ______, there are no juveniles under sentence of death.

A) Eddings v. Oklahoma
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Wilkins v. Missouri
D) Atkins v. Virginia

Question 14

Which types of offenses are only applicable to juveniles?

A) minor
B) arson
C) status
D) loitering

Question 15

The first juvenile ______ opened in Cook County Chicago in 1899.

A) court
B) reformatory
C) police station
D) prison

Question 16

Bernard's cycle of juvenile justice operates under the premise that juvenile delinquency is always ______.

A) high
B) low
C) fluctuating
D) stable

Question 17

In 1849, which city opened the first separate house of refuge for "colored juvenile delinquents?"

A) New York
B) Boston
C) Philadelphia
D) Pittsburgh

Question 18

The case that determined that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial was ______.

A) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
B) Batson v. Kentucky
C) Miller v. Kemp
D) Rizzo v. Pennsylvania

Question 19

______ is the case that determined that a juvenile under 18 may be sentenced to life without the possibility of parole (LWOP).

A) Johnson v. Alabama
B) Smith v. Texas
C) Miller v. Alabama
D) Jones v. Nebraska

Question 20

Recent research has suggested that nearly half of all the gang members in the United States are ______.

A) Blacks
B) Hispanics
C) Whites
D) Native Americans

Question 21

Prior to the 19th century, youth who could not be controlled were punished like adults or sent to live with other families as apprentices to learn a skill or trade.

Question 22

In most states, mandatory sentencing policies determine sentencing decisions.

Question 23

Briefly explain the development of juvenile reformatories in America. Your response should include the racial dimensions of this development.

Question 24

Most delinquency cases referred to juvenile court involve females.

Question 25

Briefly explain the premise behind culturally specific delinquency prevention programs.

Question 26

Provide an overview of two delinquency prevention programs that do not work.

Question 27

Recent research has suggested that Black girls had more success in gender-specific programs than White girls did.

Question 28

In the most recent waiver data, which group had the highest percentage of waivers for person offenses?

A) Blacks
B) Hispanics
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 29

A juvenile referred to the court for a major offense can be diverted from the process and/or detained by an intake/probation officer.

Question 30

Provide an overview of what is known about youth gangs in America.

Question 31

Juveniles can be apprehended for offenses due solely to their status as children or adolescents.

Question 32

______ was created to help determine the extent of minority overrepresentation.

A) DMC measure
B) DMC index
C) DMC rubric
D) DMC rolex

Question 33

Briefly explain the disproportionate minority contact initiative.

Question 34

Historically, Black colleges played a key role in the Black "child saving" movement.

Question 35

Approximately how many juveniles are waived to adult court annually?

A) 4,000
B) 3,000
C) 2,000
D) 1,000

Question 36

Briefly explain the trends related to minority female delinquency.

Question 37

Once house of refuges were closed, ______ types of facilities replaced them.

A) supermax facilities
B) minimum security facilities
C) reformatories
D) cottages

Question 38

Juveniles engage in more minor acts of delinquency than more serious forms of delinquency.

Question 39

Briefly explain the role of the Black "child savers."

Question 40

Briefly explain the sources used to determine the extent of juvenile delinquency.

Question 41

Briefly explain the School-to-Prison Pipeline.

Question 42

Briefly explain the purpose of "My Brother's Keeper" initiative.

Question 43

Briefly discuss the 1970 case Breed v. Jones, providing an overview of the cases and outcome.

Question 44

Briefly discuss the 1971 case McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, providing an overview of the cases and outcome.

Question 45

Outline the stages of the juvenile justice process identified within the text.

Question 46

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision is noted as one of the earliest efforts to hold juvenile justice systems accountable to all youth. Provide a brief overview of the case, including details of the outcome.

Question 47

Compare the Kent v. United States (1966) and In re Gault (1967) decisions, providing an overview of the cases and a comparison of the outcomes.