Deck 21: Household Chemicals

Question 1

Floating soaps are

A) composed of short chain fatty acids.
B) composed of branched chain fatty acids.
C) blown with air during processing.
D) detergents.

Answer 1

blown with air during processing.

Question 2

In acidic solutions, soaps are converted to

A) salts.
B) fatty acids.
C) detergents.
D) fats.

Answer 2

fatty acids.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of soap? Soap is

A) biodegradable.
B) derived from renewable resources.
C) an excellent cleaner in hard water.
D) relatively nontoxic.

Answer 3

an excellent cleaner in hard water.

Question 4

The majority of household chemicals are

A) cleaning agents.
B) laundry products.
C) cosmetics.
D) paints.

Question 5

Animal fats and vegetable oil can be converted to soaps by reaction with

A) sodium hydroxide.
B) sodium carbonate.
C) sodium hyperchlorite.
D) sodium phosphate.

Question 6

American pioneers combined potash solution and animal fat in a huge iron kettle and cooked it over several hours. The result was

A) detergent.
B) soap.
C) cooking oil.
D) food for animals.

Question 7

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) react with water to form an alkaline solution that has detergent properties. These compounds are present in

A) detergents.
B) lye based soaps.
C) saponins.
D) plant ashes.

Question 8

Soap is

A) a glycerol ester.
B) a salt of a fatty acid.
C) lithium sulfate.
D) glycerol.

Question 9

Water softeners remove all of the following ions EXCEPT

A) Ca²⁺.
B) Fe²⁺.
C) Mg²⁺.
D) Na⁺.

Question 10

Soap can be made by boiling animal fat with lye or potash for several hours. What is the major disadvantage to the lye soap made this way?

A) It did not clean well.
B) It often contained unreacted alkali, which was very harsh on the skin.
C) Glycerol separated out from the soap and remained on the bottom of the kettle.
D) It did not kill bacteria.

Question 11

Washing soda is

A) sodium peroxide.
B) sodium carbonate.
C) sodium borate.
D) sodium chloride.

Question 12

The substance with the formula shown below is a(n) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH

A) alcohol.
B) detergent.
C) saponin.
D) fatty acid.

Question 13

The molecule shown below is a(n)

A) detergent.
B) saponin.
C) soap.
D) esterester.

Question 14

In cleaning, soap acts as a(n) ________ between "dirt" and water.

A) catalyst
B) chemical reactant
C) emulsifier
D) insulator

Question 15

Bathtub ring is caused by

A) the action of ammonia with water.
B) precipitation of soap by "hard" metal ions.
C) rust formation from sulfur in the water.
D) soap and water cause a ringing sound in the ears.

Question 16

One of the major problems with the use of household chemicals is

A) they are toxic.
B) consumers often fail to read directions and warnings.
C) they do not perform well.
D) all of the above

Question 17

In hard water, soaps are converted to

A) insoluble salts.
B) bases.
C) lye.
D) anhydrides.

Question 18

An advantage of potassium soaps is that they are ________ than sodium soaps.

A) softer
B) harder
C) more neutral
D) stronger

Question 19

Water softeners

A) remove "hard" ions.
B) destroy "hard" ions.
C) modify "hard" ions.
D) Water softeners do all of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is NOT true?

A) The hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
B) The hydrophilic end is ionic.
C) The hydrophobic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
D) Soaps form micelles in solution.

Question 21

The active ingredient in chlorine laundry bleaches is

A) chlorine, Cl₂.
B) sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl.
C) sodium chloride, NaCl.
D) a mixture of CFCs.

Question 22

The major advantage of LAS detergents over ABS detergents is that they

A) are effective in hard water.
B) are soil based.
C) are biodegradable.
D) lack phosphates.

Question 23

Soaps are

A) anionic surfactants.
B) nonionic surfactants.
C) neutral surfactants.
D) positive surfactants.

Question 24

Detergents are better cleaners than soaps in

A) hard water.
B) soft water.
C) alkaline water.
D) all of the above

Question 25

Sequestration is

A) precipitating magnesium and calcium ions.
B) when sodium and lithium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
C) when calcium and magnesium ions are tied up in soluble complexes.
D) a nonionic surfactant.

Question 26

Automatic dishwashing detergents are

A) similar to detergents for hand washing.
B) relatively strong bases.
C) relatively strong acids.
D) safe for hand washing of dishes.

Question 27

Substances added to surfactants to increase their detergency are

A) brighteners.
B) builders.
C) emulsifiers.
D) enzymes.

Question 28

Which water softener "ties up" calcium ions and keeps them in solution?

A) sodium carbonate
B) sodium phosphate
C) fatty acids
D) zeolites

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a component of detergents for washing dishes by hand?

A) enzymes
B) fragrances
C) strong alkalis
D) surfactants

Question 30

Optical brighteners are often added to

A) detergents.
B) soaps.
C) cosmetics.
D) They are added to all of the above.

Question 31

Which of the following categories of surfactants gives the least amount of sudsing?

A) amphoteric surfactants
B) anionic surfactants
C) cationic surfactants
D) nonionic surfactants

Question 32

Quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen are used as

A) bleaches.
B) analgesics.
C) fabric softeners.
D) weed killers.

Question 33

Cationic surfactants are not good detergents but are used mainly for their ________ action.

A) cleaning
B) menthol
C) germicidal
D) darkening

Question 34

The active ingredient in oxygen bleaches is

A) NaOCl.
B) NaBO₂ ∙ H₂O₂.
C) O₂.
D) Na₃PO₄.

Question 35

Optical brighteners work by

A) absorbing blue rays and ultraviolet rays.
B) absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays.
C) spontaneously emitting blue rays when they attach to clothing fibers.
D) spontaneously emitting ultraviolet rays when they attach to clothing fibers.

Question 36

The molecule shown below is a

A) soap.
B) detergent.
C) fatty acid.
D) polymer.

Question 37

Why are perborate bleaches better for white, resin-treated, polyester-cotton fabrics than chlorine bleaches?

A) Chlorine bleaches release a toxic gas when in contact with this type of fabric.
B) Chlorine bleaches ruin the fabric.
C) Oxygen bleaches are cheaper.
D) The fabric lasts longer.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is NOT true for fabric softeners?

A) They are anionic surfactants.
B) They are quaternary salts.
C) They form a film which lubricates the fibers in the fabric.
D) They have two long hydrocarbon chains.

Question 39

A problem with ABS detergents is that they

A) are toxic.
B) do not degrade readily.
C) contain phosphates.
D) are less effective in hard water.

Question 40

Which of the following forms a strongly caustic solution when mixed with water?

A) automatic dishwashing detergent
B) liquid dishwashing detergent
C) liquid clothing detergent
D) bath soap

Question 41

All of the following are used as binders for paint EXCEPT

A) acrylic resins.
B) linseed oil.
C) polyvinyl acetate.
D) All of the above are binders.

Question 42

What type of chemical is most effective in removing the build-up of "lime" that is often found in toilet bowls?

A) an abrasive
B) an acid
C) a base
D) a bleach

Question 43

A wax is a(n)

A) ether made from two long-chain alcohols.
B) ester made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol.
C) long-chain compound that contains both an alcohol group and an amino group.
D) amide made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain amine.

Question 44

A cleaning product that may contain either ammonia or vinegar in a dilute solution of isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol would be used as a(n)

A) toilet bowl cleaner.
B) oven cleaner.
C) glass cleaner.
D) drain cleaner.

Question 45

A green product would most likely NOT contain which of the following?

A) a natural scent
B) materials derived from plant sources
C) degradable ingredients
D) volatile hydrocarbons

Question 46

Which one of the following is NOT considered a cosmetic?

A) soap
B) lipstick
C) toothpaste
D) facial cream

Question 47

The main ingredient in oven cleaners is

A) acetic acid (vinegar).
B) bleach.
C) citric acid.
D) sodium hydroxide.

Question 48

Fabric softeners are

A) potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.
B) oxidizing agents.
C) quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen.
D) nonionic surfactants.

Question 49

Baking soda can be used as

A) an automatic dishwashing detergent.
B) a germicide.
C) a substance to absorb odor.
D) an acid.

Question 50

Which of the following ingredients will NOT be found in paint?

A) white lead
B) titanium dioxide
C) a solvent
D) a binder

Question 51

A molecule that contains only C, H and O atoms will degrade most quickly if its structure

A) is a straight chain.
B) contains many branches.
C) contains rings.
D) also has halogen atoms.

Question 52

Bleaches work by

A) changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless.
B) acting directly on the soiled spot to remove the soil.
C) changing the stains so that they absorb UV light and then release blue light.
D) covering the stains with quaternary ammonium ions so that they are no longer visible.

Question 53

Bleaches are

A) oxidizing agents.
B) reducing agents.
C) brighteners.
D) detergents.

Question 54

The abrasive in commercial powdered cleansers is often

A) sodium carbonate.
B) baking powder.
C) charcoal.
D) gold metal.

Question 55

Which of the following is a hazard of using organic solvents in the home? Organic solvents are

A) flammable.
B) toxic.
C) volatile.
D) All of the above are hazards.

Question 56

Household ammonia solutions are

A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) oxidizing agents.

Question 57

When we buy products for household use, we should avoid products whose packaging is

A) reusable.
B) recyclable.
C) degradable.
D) longest lasting.

Question 58

Lanolin comes from

A) beeswax.
B) palm tree leaves.
C) sheep's wool.
D) sea urchins.

Question 59

Which of the following ingredients is NOT found in drain cleaners?

A) aluminum filings
B) bleach
C) HCl
D) NaOH

Question 60

Which of the following is no longer used as a component of paint?

A) polymers
B) 2PbCO₃ ∙ Pb(OH)₂
C) tung oil
D) ester

Question 61

A cosmetic that is a suspension of oil in water is called a

A) wax.
B) lotion.
C) lanolin.
D) cream.

Question 62

Deodorants act by

A) breaking down odorous chemicals as they are produced.
B) destroying odor-causing bacteria.
C) producing enzymes.
D) reacting with sweat glands to stop perspiration.

Question 63

Astringents are used primarily in

A) perfumes.
B) lipsticks.
C) antiperspirants.
D) hair spray.

Question 64

Powdered eye shadows have ________ as a base.

A) talc
B) sugar
C) corn starch
D) peanut oil

Question 65

Emollients are

A) artificial skin.
B) skin plasticizers.
C) skin coatings.
D) skin catalysts.

Question 66

Which generally does NOT need to be proven safe and effective before marketing?

A) cosmetic
B) drug
C) food additive
D) a cooking oil

Question 67

White eye shadow is "colored" with titanium dioxide or

A) lampblack.
B) chromic oxide.
C) lead sulfide.
D) zinc oxide.

Question 68

Which is NOT a cosmetic?

A) antidandruff shampoo
B) lipstick
C) blush
D) perfume

Question 69

The oil secreted by glands in the skin is called

A) sweat.
B) sebum.
C) melanin.
D) musk.

Question 70

Skin moisturizers

A) add moisture to skin.
B) prevent loss of moisture from skin.
C) cause skin to produce more water.
D) do all of the above.

Question 71

The ideal moisture content of skin is approximately

A) 3%.
B) 10%.
C) 16%.
D) 75%.

Question 72

A cosmetic that is a suspension of water in oil is called a

A) cream.
B) sunscreen.
C) moisturizer.
D) wax.

Question 73

The layer of skin that contains sweat glands and hair follicles is the

A) apocrine.
B) dermis.
C) epidermis.
D) eccrine.

Question 74

A major problem with eye makeups is

A) bacterial contamination after extended use.
B) color fading.
C) allergic reactions.
D) all of the above

Question 75

The outer layer of skin is called the

A) exoskin.
B) episkin.
C) epidermis.
D) exodermis.

Question 76

A typical ingredient in skin lotions and creams is

A) palm oil.
B) pork fat.
C) corn oil.
D) walnut oil.

Question 77

The active ingredient in almost all antiperspirants is

A) aluminum chlorohydrate.
B) ethanol.
C) ethylene oxide.
D) aluminum oxide.

Question 78

Skin cream and lipsticks have approximately the same basic composition. What is added to lipsticks to make them more firm?

A) wax
B) cellulose
C) petroleum jelly
D) abrasive

Question 79

Exposure of skin to UV radiation does NOT cause

A) melanin production.
B) increased risk of skin cancer.
C) premature aging of skin.
D) a reverse in the aging process.

Question 80

Sunscreens contain chemicals that

A) absorb both UV-A and UV-B rays.
B) absorb neither UV-A nor UV-B rays.
C) inhibit melanin production in the skin.
D) promote melanin production in skin.