Deck 9: Psychology in Europe Between the World Wars

Question 1

Dutch psychologist Gerard Heymans developed

A)a typology of character outlining eight personality types.
B)a way to classify gifted children.
C)political theories that used psychological findings.
D)none of the above

Answer 1

a typology of character outlining eight personality types.

Question 2

Kurt Lewin's psychological research in Germany can be characterized as

A)a science aimed at the individual's needs rather than those of the workplace.
B)a science aimed at increasing profits and productivity in the workplace.
C)mechanistic.
D)a behavioristic approach, as seen in the United States at the time.

Answer 2

a science aimed at the individual's needs rather than those of the workplace.

Question 3

French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty intensively studied

A)objectivity.
B)creativity.
C)children's acquisition of language.
D)the psychological effects of art.

Answer 3

children's acquisition of language.

Question 4

A defining moment in the development of German psychology during the 1930s and 1940s was

A)the forced resignation of many professional psychologists.
B)the use of psychotherapy by Adolf Hitler.
C)the immigration of American psychologists to work with and study under Germans in the field.
D)the application of psychology in the selection of officers for the German military.

Question 5

Karl and Charlotte Bühler engaged in what field of research?

A)Personality
B)Child development
C)Sexuality
D)Behaviorism

Question 6

Gestalt theory had many applications, and Wertheimer and his colleagues studied many of them, including

A)education and industry.
B)personality studies, art, and culture.
C)applications to clinical psychology.
D)perception and language.

Question 7

Psychotechnics is defined as

A)a technique to measure brain activity that was developed in the interwar period.
B)a technique to aid in the treatment of mentally distressed war veterans.
C)the application of psychology to the problems of work.
D)a field of medical psychology.

Question 8

Psychotechnics played such a large role in this period in Europe because of

A)a growing need for applied psychology.
B)a growing need for social management.
C)a need to stimulate industry after World War I.
D)both a and B

Question 9

Gestalt theory can be characterized as

A)a way of perceiving things as a whole rather than a collection of parts.
B)a way of perceiving things as a collection of parts rather than as a whole.
C)a type of psychoanalysis that examines unconscious drives.
D)a theory that says development occurs in discontinuous steps.

Question 10

Psychotechnique was developed in France by

A)Pierre Janet and colleagues.
B)Henri Piéron and colleagues.
C)Alfred Binet and colleagues.
D)Géza Révész and colleagues.

Question 11

Characterology was used by the German military.It is a type of personality test that focuses on

A)handwriting and facial expressions.
B)traits such as loyalty and trustworthiness.
C)longitudinal development of traits over many years.
D)responses to high stress situations.
E)none of the above.

Question 12

Gestalt theory was seen as a way to

A)counter the cold, impersonal, mechanistic way of life in industrialized Germany.
B)treat patients with anger disorders.
C)aid productivity and morale in German industry.
D)separate psychologists from philosophical studies in a university.

Question 13

In Russia, in line with Marxist principles, much of psychology favored

A)gestalt theory and philosophy.
B)behaviorism imbued with Pavlovian conditioning approaches.
C)psychoanalytic theory.
D)cultural-historical approaches.

Question 14

Karl Duncker's work on functional fixedness helped in the development of what branch of psychology in the later part of the 1900s?

A)Social psychology
B)Cognitive psychology
C)Developmental psychology
D)Clinical psychology
E)None of the above

Question 15

Max Wertheimer's work in gestalt theory was influenced by

A)his knowledge of the law.
B)his interest in art.
C)his love of music.
D)his knowledge of psychoanalysis.

Question 16

Perhaps the most notable psychologist in France between the two world wars was

A)Jean Piaget.
B)Alfred Binet.
C)Pierre Janet.
D)Henri Piéron.

Question 17

Wertheimer's general law of Prägnanz deals with

A)how we associate objects close together as being grouped.
B)how we fill in blanks and gaps to create closure.
C)how we see things as wholes and not in parts.
D)how we perceive things in the simplest and most organized form.

Question 18

Which of Lewin's students completed a dissertation on the dynamics of anger?

A)Roger Barker
B)Bluma Zeigarnik
C)Tamara Dembo
D)Gita Berenbaum

Question 19

Leaders of the gestalt movement included

A)Max Wertheimer, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Kurt Koffka.
B)Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler, and Max Wertheimer.
C)Emil du Bois-Reymond, Wolfgang Köhler, and Alexius Meinong.
D)Wilhelm Wundt, Vittorio Bernussi, and Alexius Meinong.

Question 20

The demise of psychotechnics in Germany occurred because of

A)the growing influence of American behaviorism on psychological studies.
B)the changing political scene in Germany that favored intelligence testing for employee efficiency.
C)the death of William Stern, an early influence on psychotechnics.
D)concerns from workers that it was being used as a control mechanism that favored employers over employees.

Question 21

The scandal that surrounded Cyril Burt involved

A)an affair with a student.
B)his work with the Germans during the war.
C)falsified data.
D)none of the above

Question 22

British psychology in the early 1900s was seen mainly as

A)an academic discipline.
B)a popular way to self-improve.
C)an applied science of business and industry.
D)a social management tool.

Question 23

Frederic Bartlett specialized in

A)work with war veterans.
B)work with children.
C)research on memory.
D)research on perception.

Question 24

William H.R.Rivers was an influential British physician due to

A)his coining of the term shell shock.
B)his work with veterans that led to studies of war trauma.
C)his application of medicine and anthropology to psychology.
D)his psychological treatment of war veterans that spurred the growth of British psychotherapy.

Question 25

Charles S.Myers, a British psychologist, introduced the term

A)shell shock.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)combat neurosis.
D)battle fatigue.

Question 26

In Britain, the central emphasis of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (NIIP) was

A)to professionally represent industrial psychologists.
B)to research labor relations.
C)to increase the employment rate in Britain.
D)to examine the psychology of the worker and the work situation.

Question 27

The work of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology in Britain was comparable to

A)the French National Institute of Labor Studies and Vocational Guidance.
B)a branch of the German Ministry of Labor.
C)the Institute of Psychology in Moscow.
D)both a and B