Deck 12: Feminism and American Psychology: the Science and Politics of Gender

Question 1

The formation of Division 35 of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Psychology of Women Division, was partly inspired by

A)the number of female psychologists at the time.
B)the need to generate psychological research on issues relevant to and involving women.
C)an increase in female university enrollment that greatly increased the number of female study participants available to researchers.
D)none of the above.

Answer 1

the need to generate psychological research on issues relevant to and involving women.

Question 2

Naomi Weisstein's article Psychology Constructs the Female argued that

A)Psychology did not understand women because research studies were rarely conducted on women.
B)Psychology could never understand women unless it considered the social context in which they live.
C)women were being held back in the field of research for fear that they would break laboratory equipment.
D)Psychology did not understand women because it failed to study the motivation behind women's behavior.

Answer 2

Psychology could never understand women unless it considered the social context in which they live.

Question 3

A hurdle or hurdles that early American female psychologists had to deal with included

A)the inaccessibility of university laboratories and libraries.
B)wages offered to female psychologists that were inadequate.
C)many universities not accepting women as students.
D)both a and B
E)both a and c.

Answer 3

both a and c.

Question 4

The first African American woman to earn her PhD in psychology was

A)Mamie Phipps Clark.
B)Alberta Turner.
C)Inez Beverly Prosser.
D)Martha Bernal.

Question 5

The relational-cultural model described by Jean Baker Miller refers to

A)the importance of maintaining relationships to develop as humans.
B)the importance of gender roles in the socialization of children.
C)societal development as being dictated by the role of women in a particular culture.
D)the influence of culture on the appropriateness of forming certain relationships.

Question 6

One impetus for the second wave of feminism was the publication of The Feminine Mystique by

A)Betty Friedan.
B)Sojourner Truth.
C)Naomi Weisstein.
D)Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley.

Question 7

Maccoby and Jacklin concluded in their study that the most influential factor or factors in the development of differences between the sexes are

A)the effect of the environment.
B)hormonal.
C)a combination of biology and socialization.
D)parental modeling.

Question 8

Intersectionality refers to

A)the interdependent relations among categories such as gender, race, and class.
B)areas of sex difference research that demonstrate commonalities between men and women.
C)relationships among areas of research such as education, psychotherapy, and behavior.
D)relationships between environment and genetics.

Question 9

Although the author of The Feminine Mystique was not a psychologist, her work was critical of psychology, specifically

A)its research methods.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)existential psychology.
D)both a and C

Question 10

The problems discussed in Phyllis Chesler's Women and Madness were described as originating from

A)the view that women were seen as naturally hysterical beings.
B)the paradox that women who acted either too feminine or not feminine enough were seen as pathological.
C)an attempt by men to keep women out of PhD programs.
D)the view that women were too emotional to properly diagnose psychological problems and were therefore unfit to work as clinical psychologists.

Question 11

Interest in the history of women in Psychology starting in the 1970s was evident in

A)an increase in literature on the topic.
B)the many conferences held in the 1970s to discuss the contributions of women to Psychology.
C)protests that fought for the inclusion of more women in historical accounts of Psychology.
D)none of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following has occurred the most often in the APA?

A)The presidents have been African American males.
B)The presidents have been African American females.
C)The presidents have been White males.
D)The presidents have been White females.

Question 13

In Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin'sanalysis of sex differences research, all of the following were determined to be empirically supported except

A)girls are more willing to ask for help when it is needed.
B)girls are more advanced in their language skills.
C)boys are better at reading maps.
D)boys are more aggressive than girls.

Question 14

The removal of homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders did not occur until

A)1960.
B)1970.
C)1980.
D)1990.

Question 15

Liberal feminism has influenced feminist psychology in that

A)both attend primarily to theorizing differences among women based on factors such as race, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and ability status.
B)a major focus of both is to create equality between men and women.
C)both sought justice for women's rights without the help of the law.
D)both theorize gender roles as essentialized categories.

Question 16

The major event that marked the end of first-wave feminism in the United States was

A)the induction of women into PhD studies.
B)the acceptance of females in the workplace.
C)the right for women to vote.
D)the creation of the National Council for Women Psychologists.

Question 17

Women of Psychology's second generation differed from their earlier counterparts in

A)the later age at which they entered graduate school.
B)their racial and religious diversity.
C)their lower rate of marriage.
D)the diverse applied fields in which they worked.

Question 18

The Roe v.Wade decision in the United States was monumental in that

A)it was the first time psychological research had been cited in such a high-level decision.
B)it was the first time a male psychotherapist had been charged with sexual harassment against a female patient.
C)it gave women the right to vote, which gave women a voice in society.
D)it legalized abortion, giving women the right to make decisions in an area in which they previously had not been allowed to do so.

Question 19

Arguments made by Gerda Lerner in regards to women in history

A)focused on women having been ignored in experimental research; therefore, their unique experiences had gone unstudied.
B)emphasized their lack of contributions.
C)stated that women and their contributions had been largely ignored in historical accounts.
D)suggested that women were too busy being wives and mothers to be involved in important historical developments.

Question 20

A serious risk for women seeking therapeutic treatment for psychological issues in the 1960s and 1970s was

A)that they would be misdiagnosed.
B)that they would be labeled as unfit wives, mothers, or both.
C)that they would be denied treatment based on their gender.
D)that they would experience sexual harassment or abuse by their therapist.

Question 21

The major goals of radical feminism involve all but which one of the following?

A)Changing patriarchal views
B)Ending violence against women
C)Proving the superiority of women to men in all areas of life
D)Dismantling traditional gender roles

Question 22

Postmodern feminist psychologists consider

A)how to produce more gender-fair science.
B)why certain questions have been asked in psychology to the exclusion of others.
C)how women see the world differently from how men see it.
D)nothing, since they do not believe psychology has anything useful to say about women.

Question 23

Most critical feminist research in India is conducted under the umbrella of

A)mathematics.
B)linguistics.
C)psychology.
D)women's studies.

Question 24

Socialist feminism in Britain embeds the plight of women in

A)the history of minority oppression more generally.
B)problems of people with mental disorders.
C)the way they choose to live their lives.
D)a capitalist class structure.

Question 25

Feminist standpoint theory states

A)that those who have been marginalized can be more knowledgeable than others with regards to social understanding.
B)that women who consider things from a feminist standpoint become increasingly empowered.
C)that anyone can understand women from a psychological perspective if they are willing to see things from their standpoint.
D)none of the above.