Deck 14: Organizations and Culture

Question 1

______ are tales based on real organizational experiences that have been passed down to become legends over time.

A) Stories
B) Ceremonies
C) Symbols
D) Rituals

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Based on the competing values framework, which type of culture is a welcoming place, where employees openly share and form strong personal relationships, leaders tend to be perceived as mentors and coaches who focus on bringing out the best in each of their employees, and the success of the company is gauged against the performance and satisfaction of their employees?

A) the hierarchy culture
B) the adhocracy culture
C) the market culture
D) the clan culture

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Based on the competing values framework, the ______ culture focuses on flexibility and discretion with an external emphasis. These organizations are fast moving and the quickest to adapt to changing markets.

A) hierarchy
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) clan

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Of the competing values framework, the ______ culture exhibits a combination of stability and an internal focus.

A) hierarchy
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) clan

Question 5

Which tool below provides a means to identify, measure, and change culture?

A) competing values framework
B) values principals framework
C) ethics structure framework
D) challenging worth framework

Question 6

Lillian is helping the new guy, Arthur, become more acquainted with his new job. She explains how it is important to take initiative by telling him about Sam who used to work for their company many years ago. After listening to Lillian, Arthur had a better understanding of what his new company expected from him. Lillian used which type of organizational culture artifact?

A) ceremonies
B) rituals
C) symbols
D) stories

Question 7

Whether people in an office dress casual or formal is representative of which organizational culture artifact?

A) symbol
B) ritual
C) ceremony
D) story

Question 8

Expectations, relationships, beliefs, body language, and roles are all examples of ______ components of culture.

A) competing
B) unobservable
C) observable
D) adhocracy

Question 9

Personal appearances and dress codes, processes and structures, behaviors and attitudes, and artifacts of the culture, such as awards, myths, and stories are all examples of ______.

A) observable culture
B) competing culture
C) unobservable culture
D) market culture

Question 10

Tom Chappell founded his company, which produces all-natural toothpastes, soaps, and related hygiene products, on the basis of developing strong relationships with a number of stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, the community, and the environment. Which type of culture from the competing values framework best describes Tom's company?

A) hierarchy
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) clan

Question 11

Oliver works in a place that has a formal chain of command and is internally focused. His manager, Amelia, uses her position to manage her employees and to emphasize the importance of efficiency, productivity, and organization in the day-to-day running of operations. Oliver and Amelia work for a company that fits which type of culture?

A) hierarchy
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) clan

Question 12

Based on the competing values framework, which type of culture is positioned under the control and stability dimension, but places more emphasis on interactions conducted outside the organization with a view to increasing company competitiveness?

A) the hierarchy culture
B) the adhocracy culture
C) the market culture
D) the clan culture

Question 13

Which term below is defined as a pattern of shared norms, rules, values, and beliefs that guide the attitudes and behaviors of its employees?

A) organizational communication
B) organizational vision
C) organizational culture
D) organizational mission

Question 14

Which term below is described as identifiable elements of an organization, which provide members and outsiders with a better understanding of its culture?

A) stories
B) artifacts
C) symbols
D) rituals

Question 15

______ consists of the components that lie beneath the surface of an organization, such as company values and assumptions.

A) Competing culture
B) Observable culture
C) Hierarchy culture
D) Unobservable culture

Question 16

______ refers to the components of culture that we can see in an organization.

A) Competing culture
B) Observable culture
C) Clan culture
D) Unobservable culture

Question 17

Which organizational culture artifact below is defined as objects that express meaning about a culture?

A) stories
B) ceremonies
C) symbols
D) rituals

Question 18

Bridget has a company that is externally focused and highly controlled. She feels that she needs to pressure her employees to perform in a demanding work environment in order to get the results she needs to beat the competition. Bridget's company would fit into which type of culture of the competing values framework?

A) hierarchy
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) clan

Question 19

When the new CEO took over, Indestructible Insurance saw several quick changes. The new CEO got rid of organizational layers, making everyone's job seem more significant, and he changed to a more casual dress code. These changes are ______ that the CEO was trying to create a more empowering culture.

A) ceremonies
B) symbols
C) stories
D) rituals

Question 20

What are the two main components of organizational culture?

A) micro and macro culture
B) internal and external culture
C) centralized and decentralized culture
D) observable and unobservable culture

Question 21

______ is the way an organization reacts to outside influences.

A) Micro integration
B) External adaptation
C) Environmental diversification
D) Internal integration

Question 22

What are the two major functions of organizational culture imperative to an organization's survival called?

A) environmental diversification and internal diversification
B) internal adaptation and external integration
C) macro diversification and micro integration
D) external adaptation and internal integration

Question 23

Recently a competitor entered Oliver's market. In response, Oliver sat down with employees to reinforce the mission of his company and prioritize how to respond to the competition. Oliver's reaction to the competitor can be described as ______.

A) external adaptation
B) internal integration
C) artifacts
D) change hindrance

Question 24

______ are cultural obstacles that make it difficult for two organizations to join together.

A) Change hindrances
B) Diversity hindrances
C) Mission hindrances
D) Mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 25

Myron is filling in Adeline, the new girl, about how business is run in his company. He tells Adeline about the Friday evening happy hours, the misunderstanding box, and the special lingo they use to shortcut long explanations. Myron is participating in which organizational concept below?

A) external adaptation
B) internal integration
C) artifact integration
D) change hindrance

Question 26

Meeting spaces in the buildings have names rather than room numbers, and employees have given meetings that occur in certain rooms corresponding names. For example, meetings that happen in the Tyson room are referred to as boxing matches. This is an example of what type of artifact of organizational culture?

A) stories
B) organizational language
C) rituals
D) ceremonies

Question 27

Which type of culture focuses on supporting employees' strengths, increasing morale, and providing rewards for good work?

A) market
B) clan
C) positive organizational
D) communal

Question 28

______ is defined as certain words or metaphors and expressions specific to an organization.

A) Organizational mission
B) Organizational vision
C) Decoding and encoding
D) Organizational language

Question 29

Examples of ______ are ineffective communication with employees, unclear processes and procedures, disorganized leadership, failure to involve employees, and inadequate resources.

A) change hindrances
B) diversity hindrances
C) mission hindrances
D) mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 30

Every year there is the annual awarding of the coveted "Salesperson of the Year Award," which recognizes and rewards outstanding work. Owen and Hazel are neck and neck and are working extra hard to win this year's award. This is an example of which organizational culture artifact?

A) story
B) ceremony
C) symbol
D) ritual

Question 31

If every Monday at 9:00 a.m., the entire staff of a company gathers in a large hall for a question and answer session with the CEO, then this would be described as which kind of organizational culture artifact?

A) story
B) ceremony
C) symbol
D) ritual

Question 32

Recently, Lucy's Market joined her competitor, Lemons. Lucy thought that it would be a great idea to reap the rewards of her biggest market adversary. However, her company is finding it difficult to join together with the Lemons. She feels there is a major "culture clash" between the two businesses. Which organizational hindrance does this describe?

A) change hindrances
B) diversity hindrances
C) mission hindrances
D) mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 33

______ are events that reinforce the relationship between employees and the organization.

A) stories
B) ceremonies
C) symbols
D) rituals

Question 34

Mismatched cultures or executive power struggles can be the result of which kind of organizational cultural hindrance?

A) change hindrances
B) diversity hindrances
C) mission hindrances
D) mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 35

Which organizational culture artifact below is defined as formalized actions and planned routines?

A) stories
B) ceremonies
C) symbols
D) rituals

Question 36

______ are cultural obstacles that limit the range of employee demographics in organizations.

A) Change hindrances
B) Diversity hindrances
C) Mission hindrances
D) Mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 37

______ are cultural obstacles that impede progress and make it difficult for the organization to adapt to different situations.

A) Change hindrances
B) Diversity hindrances
C) Mission hindrances
D) Mergers and acquisitions hindrances

Question 38

______ is the process of creating a shared identity among employees by adopting a common language, group boundaries, an accepted distribution of power and status, and norms of trust, rewards, and punishment.

A) External adaptation
B) Internal integration
C) Merger hindrance
D) Change hindrance

Question 39

Jen and Chris are new employees at Louisiana State University (LSU). Everywhere they go on campus, they are greeted with the expression "Geaux Tigers" (Go Tigers). At first they did not know what to make of this greeting, but after a while they realized it was the way members of LSU made each other feel welcome and at home. This "Geaux Tigers" expression is an example of ______.

A) stories
B) organizational language
C) rituals
D) ceremonies

Question 40

To achieve ______ to its environment, the organization must arrive at some basic shared assumptions about its mission and strategy, about the goals, tasks, and methods the organization needs to achieve, and about ways of managing both success and failure.

A) environmental diversification
B) internal integration
C) macro diversification
D) external adaptation

Question 41

Which culture requires that managers serve as role models themselves, communicate moral standards, and train employees to behave in a moral manner?

A) ethical
B) communal
C) mercenary
D) spiritual

Question 42

Which culture prioritizes caring, compassion, and support for others over profit?

A) ethical
B) communal
C) mercenary
D) spiritual

Question 43

Of Hofstede's dimensions, which dimension focuses on the degree to which employees feel they have the right to live their lives as they see fit, choose their own values, and act on their own judgment?

A) individualist-collectivist
B) long- or short-term orientation
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) power distance

Question 44

______ includes five measures that have been used by organizations to improve understanding and cooperation between cultures.

A) Heinrich's proportions
B) McClelland's measurements
C) Hofstede's dimensions
D) Taylor's Big 5

Question 45

Which type of culture is found in companies where employees tend to keep to themselves, avoid socializing, and work as individuals rather than part of a team?

A) ethical
B) fragmented
C) positive organizational
D) communal

Question 46

In which type of culture are employees active in decision-making and kept informed of the organization's vision and direction. Given this, they tend to be productive, engaged, and committed to the company?

A) ethical
B) fragmented
C) positive organizational
D) communal

Question 47

Because of well-documented scandals over the last few years, many companies are focused on creating more ______ cultures.

A) ethical
B) communal
C) mercenary
D) spiritual

Question 48

Claudia is active in decision-making and kept informed of her organization's vision and direction. She feels engaged and committed to her company because she is treated like a colleague. She often partakes in the annual retreat for the high producing talent in her company. Claudia is part of which type of organizational culture?

A) ethical
B) networked
C) positive organizational
D) communal

Question 49

Owen is part of company that does not socialize. He would probably rather not see his coworkers outside of the office because there is such tension created by constant competition. There is not any emphasis put on teamwork as making money is the top priority. Owen's company can best be described as a ______ organizational culture.

A) mercenary
B) networked
C) communal
D) fragmented

Question 50

Which of Hofstede's dimensions expresses the extent to which people in different societies accept the way power is distributed?

A) individualist-collectivist
B) long- or short-term orientation
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) power distance

Question 51

Which culture exists in organizations where making money is the top priority?

A) market
B) fragmented
C) mercenary
D) communal

Question 52

Which cultures are characterized by a high degree of trust between employees and a willingness to communicate and share information?

A) networked
B) fragmented
C) mercenary
D) communal

Question 53

Highly creative organizations where people are encouraged to think differently, but to also come together to swap ideas, are described as which culture?

A) networked
B) communal
C) mercenary
D) ethical

Question 54

Which culture environment is home to employees who tend to think alike, are happy to share knowledge, and have a clear focus on the direction of the task?

A) ethical
B) fragmented
C) positive organizational
D) communal

Question 55

Jason, a computer programmer who often spends long periods of time working alone, is nervous about his company's annual meeting. His work environment has caused distance and disconnection from the rest of the group. Which type of organizational culture does this scenario exemplify?

A) clan
B) fragmented
C) mercenary
D) communal

Question 56

In Thailand, people are more likely to value the welfare of the group over that of any particular individual and suspend personal values and judgment for the sake of the "greater good." This is an example of which of Hofstede's dimensions?

A) long-term orientation
B) low power distance
C) collectivist culture
D) high uncertainty avoidance

Question 57

In a ______ culture, employees may work independently of each other, but they still come together on an informal basis to swap and exchange ideas.

A) mercenary
B) networked
C) spiritual
D) communal

Question 58

In which culture are employees measured by their levels of performance and productivity, are expected to have a high commitment toward achieving organizational goals, and is task-driven to the point that employees do not tend to socialize?

A) market
B) fragmented
C) mercenary
D) communal

Question 59

Which culture focuses on opportunities for employees to grow in the workplace by carrying out meaningful tasks that contribute to the good of society as a whole?

A) ethical
B) communal
C) mercenary
D) spiritual

Question 60

According to the textbook, which company was recognized by the Ethisphere Institute as the most ethical company in the world due to its strong commitment to the community and corporate citizenship?

A) L'Oréal
B) Southwest Airlines
C) Enron
D) Pioneering Health

Question 61

Aurora, an American, has been assigned to work in England. She needs to apply for resident permits so that she can live and work in a foreign country. She was picked for this great opportunity because her boss, Phillip, thinks that she could be his new vice president. Aurora can be described as a/an ______.

A) collectivist HIPO
B) expatriate LIPO
C) expatriate HIPO
D) migrant HIPO

Question 62

Tisa is a subordinate who simply acknowledges the power of her boss based merely upon his relative position in the hierarchy of authority. She seldom questions orders. Tisa exemplifies which of Hofstede's dimensions?

A) collectivism
B) high power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) low power distance

Question 63

Edison, an American, was enjoying his new position in Singapore. He had a great time exploring his new environment, but is realizing that he just does not fit in. He almost lost an account because he did not understand an offensive custom, and he is having trouble finding food that is mild and familiar. Edison has fallen into which stage of culture adaptation?

A) autonomy
B) reintegration
C) disintegration
D) independence

Question 64

______ is a feeling of nervousness, doubt, and confusion arising from being in a foreign and unfamiliar environment.

A) Conditioning
B) Culture shock
C) Naturalization
D) Accustoming

Question 65

Consultancy firm Booz & Co. has outlined a concept called ______ that presents managers with ways to implement effective change within the organizational culture.

A) the crucial stream
B) the critical few
C) the dimensions of culture
D) the stages of cultural adaptation

Question 66

The feeling of stress associated with trying to navigate around a strange city, which can cause mental strain, and feelings of depression is termed ______ in the textbook.

A) collectivism
B) naturalization
C) culture shock
D) conditioning

Question 67

A/An ______ employee is someone who lives and works in a foreign country on a temporary basis.

A) refugee
B) relegate
C) migrant
D) expatriate

Question 68

Jayson has been working in a new country for about a year now. He has a good grasp of how this new culture operates and he feels that he can handle most situation. He has even started to value the differences that this new culture has to his own. Jayson is in which stage of culture adaptation?

A) autonomy
B) reintegration
C) disintegration
D) independence

Question 69

The last cultural adaptation stage is characterized by understanding how the culture operates, feeling confident in most situations, and valuing the culture's differences and similarities to one's own culture. This stage is called the ______ stage.

A) autonomy
B) reintegration
C) disintegration
D) independence

Question 70

In ______ countries such as the United States and Sweden, people tend to prefer consultation with others and strive to ensure the distribution of power is equalized as fairly as possible.

A) low uncertainty avoidance
B) low power distance
C) long-term orientated
D) high power distance

Question 71

______ is the process of adapting certain functions to accommodate the language, culture, or governing laws of a different country.

A) Integration
B) Standardization
C) Localization
D) Responsiveness

Question 72

Which stage of cultural adaptation is characterized by everything being exciting and new with an immediate impulse to explore and soak up the new culture?

A) honeymoon stage
B) reintegration
C) autonomy
D) independence

Question 73

During the ______ cultural adaptation stage, you are beginning to settle in, know how to interact with people and where to socialize, and have a clearer understanding of business practices.

A) autonomy
B) reintegration
C) disintegration
D) independence

Question 74

Which of Hofstede's dimensions measure values, such as perseverance, respect for tradition, and thrift?

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) long-term orientation
C) power distance
D) masculinity

Question 75

______ is the degree to which employees are expected to follow the same rules and policies everywhere.

A) Integration
B) Standardization
C) Localization
D) Responsiveness

Question 76

In Singapore, you can incur a heavy fine for drinking any kind of liquid on public transportation, including water; in Germany, putting your hands in your pockets while you are talking to someone is considered rude. Feeling confused and not having an understanding of these strange customs would occur in which stage of cultural adaptation?

A) autonomy
B) reintegration
C) disintegration
D) independence

Question 77

Which stage of cultural adaptation is characterized by feelings of nervousness and insecurity because things are so different and strange?

A) disintegration
B) reintegration
C) autonomy
D) independence

Question 78

Julius has an opportunity for a major promotion, but it would mean that he would have to move away from his family and no longer be able to help his cousins care for his uncle. Julius instead chooses to stay nearby and turn down the promotion. Julius's society illustrates which of Hofstede's dimensions?

A) collectivist
B) individualist
C) long-term orientation
D) low power distance

Question 79

The ______ dimension of Hofstede's dimensions measures the degree to which people are able to deal with how people cope with unpredictability in unstructured environments.

A) individualist-collectivist
B) long- or short-term orientation
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) power distance

Question 80

To say that the United States and Singapore are at ease in an uncertain environment, would be to say that the United States and Singapore rank ______ on Hofstede's dimensions.

A) low for uncertainty avoidance
B) low for collectivism
C) high for uncertainty avoidance
D) low for power distance