Deck 14: Stress, Lifestyle, and Health

Question 1

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

A) best action to take in order to eliminate the stressor
B) body's baseline reaction to ordinary events
C) body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it
D) mental health of the individual

Answer 1

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Question 2

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

A) emotion-threat
B) eustress-distress
C) fight-or-flight
D) social supportive

Answer 2

fight-or-flight

Question 3

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

A) Intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.
B) Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.
C) Recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions.
D) Stress has no effect on remembering educational material.

Answer 3

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Question 4

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

A) Peak experiences
B) Distress
C) Eustress
D) Anastress

Question 5

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

A) Selye and Cannon
B) Lazarus and Folkman
C) Holmes and Rahe
D) Diener and Seligman

Question 6

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

A) cognitive
B) mental
C) morbid
D) physiological

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

A) Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant.
B) Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
C) Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him.
D) Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her.

Question 8

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

A) acute
B) chronic
C) non-threatening
D) threatening

Question 9

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

A) hassle; major life event
B) challenge; threat
C) distress; eustress
D) Type A stressor; Type B stressor

Question 10

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

A) adrenal dissipation, thymus and lymph node mortification, and constipation
B) adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration
C) adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
D) adrenal shrinkage, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration

Question 11

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

A) Men and women report experiencing approximately the same amount of stress.
B) Men report experiencing more stress than women.
C) While women report experiencing less stress later in life, men report experiencing more stress later in life.
D) Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.
B) Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon.
C) Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore.
D) William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed.

Question 13

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

A) physiological stressors related to her shooting
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) bipolar depressive disorder
D) the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome

Question 14

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

A) Distress
B) Eustress
C) Type A stress
D) Type B stress

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

A) Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
B) Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby.
C) Grace experiences stress when she notices her heartbeat increasing in response to being separated from her parents at the amusement park.
D) Laura experiences stress because she gasped and had difficulty breathing when she saw a spider.

Question 16

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

A) declaring bankruptcy
B) divorce
C) being the victim of a sexual assault
D) the death of a spouse

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

A) getting a divorce
B) losing a job
C) recovering from a car accident
D) buying a new home

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades.
B) Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books.
C) After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.
D) Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test.

Question 19

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

A) cognitive
B) emotional
C) physical
D) social

Question 20

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

A) less stress than someone who has no effective options
B) more anxiety than someone who has no effective options
C) more stress than someone who has no effective options
D) no physiological response to the stressor of having no friends

Question 21

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

A) problem-focused stressors
B) exhaustion
C) biopsychosocial flux
D) immunosuppression

Question 22

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

A) Biofeedback
B) Meditation
C) Relaxation response technique
D) The Selye Method

Question 23

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

A) chi focusing
B) biofeedback
C) transcendental meditation
D) the practice of tai chi

Question 24

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

A) eustress psychology
B) positive psychology
C) gestalt psychology
D) humanistic psychology

Question 25

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

A) dimension 1 - exhaustion
B) dimension 2 - depersonalization
C) dimension 3 - diminished personal accomplishment
D) dimension 4 - giving up

Question 26

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

A) histamines
B) lymphocytes
C) basophils
D) leukotrienes

Question 27

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

A) a Type A problem
B) resistance
C) an absence of eustressors
D) job strain

Question 28

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

A) autopilot
B) biofeedback
C) coping
D) distress

Question 29

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

A) the relaxation response technique
B) achieving flow
C) health maintenance
D) social support

Question 30

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

A) proactive
B) emotion-focused
C) problem-focused
D) stress reduction

Question 31

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

A) Cary, who gets angry when his favorite baseball team is losing a game.
B) Carlotta, who has had enough of her job and doesn't feel it will ever make her happy.
C) Carla, who is in a relationship that is just "for now" while waiting for the love of her life.
D) Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Question 32

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 33

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

A) traumatic events
B) hassles
C) life changes
D) eustressors

Question 34

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

A) impatience
B) competitiveness
C) time urgency
D) anger/hostility

Question 35

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

A) dimension 1 - exhaustion
B) dimension 2 - depersonalization
C) dimension 3 - diminished personal accomplishment
D) dimension 4 - giving up

Question 36

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

A) asthma
B) heart disease
C) lung cancer
D) systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 37

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

A) feelings of joy
B) a state of contentment
C) a sense of wonder
D) a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

Question 38

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

A) Flow
B) Completion
C) Chi
D) Zen

Question 39

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

A) $40,000
B) $55,000
C) $75,000
D) $92,000

Question 40

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

A) forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart
B) places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries
C) restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system
D) slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body

Question 41

List 3 effects that job strain can have on health?

Question 42

Identify two hormones key to the fight-or-flight response and explain their effect on the body.

Question 43

What are the four steps in the relaxation response technique?

Question 44

What determines whether we adopt a problem-focused or an emotion-focused coping approach?

Question 45

Define and give the three dimensions of burnout

Question 46

Why is social support connected to better health outcomes?