Deck 12: Providing Equal Educational Opportunity

Question 1

The purpose of Title I is to

A) enable districts to develop curricular programs on multicultural education.
B) improve the education of economically disadvantaged children.
C) provide districts with funds to implement desegregation plans.
D) support educational programs that help handicapped children.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A four-year-old disadvantaged child living in the inner city would probably be eligible for

A) controlled choice.
C) Head Start.
B) follow-through programs.
D) pullout programs.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Funds for compensatory programs can be used for

A) early childhood education only.
C) bilingual education only.
B) psychological and social services only.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The addition of a large Asian American population to big-city schools has caused districts with desegregation plans to

A) devise a multiethnic plan.
C) implement the Milwaukee plan.
B) discard their plans.
D) use magnet schools.

Question 5

Desegregation and integration are different in that only integration includes

A) development of community support.
B) development of positive interracial contact.
C) students of different races attending the same school.
D) students not being separated in racially isolated schools or classrooms.

Question 6

School districts were required to implement many programs to accomplish desegregation over the years.Some are simple; others are complex.Each plan had its relative advantages.Identify several of these desegregation plans, and discuss their characteristics and advantages.

Question 7

Recent changes have improved Title I by

A) providing in-class assistance for low achievers.
B) eliminating pullout programs.
C) providing staff development for teachers.
D) all of the above

Question 8

In Brown v.Board of Education, the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that

A) de facto segregation was unconstitutional.
B) segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) desegregation should begin immediately in all U.S.school districts.
D) equal expenditures should be made for both black and white schools.

Question 9

Compensatory education is best described as a variety of attempts to

A) provide financial and programmatic support to relieve a variety of educational inequities.
B) alleviate differences in student achievement brought about by pre-desegregation differences between African American and white schools.
C) alleviate problems created in inner-city schools by white migration to suburbs.
D) alleviate educational inequities in districts where schools were closed during desegregation.

Question 10

Describe the ways in which equal opportunity in our schools will affect you as a new teacher?

Question 11

Which of the following desegregation plans represents the most voluntary approach on the part of parents to move children to another school?

A) busing
C) magnet schools
B) alteration of school district lines
D) school pairing

Question 12

Compensatory school programs target

A) low-income students.
C) gifted students.
B) minority students.
D) female students.

Question 13

Pullout classes have been relatively ineffective because they

A) tend to create confusion throughout the school.
B) encourage heavy parental criticism.
C) must coordinate course materials with the regular teacher.
D) focus on critical-thinking skills to enhance academic gains.

Question 14

You are part of the legal team in the landmark case Brown v.Board of Education.The case is winding down.The chief attorney for the Topeka Board of Education has just presented his closing arguments, stating his case as to why "separate but equal" should remain the status quo and the law of the land.As the chief attorney for Oliver L.Brown and his co-plaintiffs, it is your turn to present closing arguments.State your case briefly but concisely as to why "separate but equal" is in fact racial segregation and why educational integration must take place.

Question 15

Miguel lives in a Hispanic neighborhood in a very large city.Which of the following schools is he most likely to attend?

A) an integrated suburban school to which he is bused
B) a predominantly minority school
C) a desegregated school in his neighborhood
D) a magnet school in a neighboring city

Question 16

In general, research on the impact of desegregation shows that

A) desegregation has had no positive effect on the academic performance of minorities and has not improved relationships among ethnic groups.
B) desegregation has had a positive impact on the academic achievement of minorities but a negative impact on relationships among ethnic groups.
C) desegregation has had a negative impact on both the academic achievement of minorities and the relationships among ethnic groups.
D) where schools have been successfully desegregated and integrated, there is some evidence of both increased academic achievement of minority groups and better relationships among ethnic groups.

Question 17

During the civil rights movement, many people found the need to improve educational opportunities for __________________.

A) disadvantaged students
C) the wealthy
B) students with disabilities
D) A and B

Question 18

The areas of education receiving the most significant focus in educational reform include

A) multicultural education and students with disabilities.
B) desegregation and disadvantaged students.
C) multicultural education, desegregation, and students with disabilities.
D) multicultural education, disadvantaged students, desegregation, and students with disabilities.

Question 19

Ken, a school board member in a segregated district, chairs a committee that is planning a voluntary desegregation strategy for a portion of his district.Which of the following plans would be most appropriate for his committee to consider?

A) altered attendance areas
C) controlled choice
B) busing
D) paired schools

Question 20

It has been difficult in some communities to implement ________ due to long bus rides to other schools and large central-city districts with 50 percent or higher minority enrollment.

A) segregation
C) desegregation
B) magnet schools
D) charter schools

Question 21

The movement toward cultural pluralism in this country reflects the need to

A) recognize the rights of different ethnic groups to exist in segregated fashion.
B) recognize the diversity present in American society, as well as the problems and advantages that are associated with that diversity.
C) find the proper mix of all cultures that creates what we call American culture.
D) determine the most constructive way to bring minority ethnic groups into mainstream American culture.

Question 22

_____________ required the use of separate public facilities and services for African Americans.

A) The Rosa Parks law
C) Jim Crow laws
B) The Civil Rights Act
D) The 13^th Amendment

Question 23

The disproportionate placement of minority students in classes for the mentally retarded could be attributed to

A) problems that minority students experience in their home environment.
B) reliance on intelligence tests in identifying students for placement in such classes.
C) such students' disproportionately high scores on standardized achievement tests.
D) unskilled evaluators.

Question 24

Bilingual education provides students who are not proficient in English with instruction in

A) an additional foreign language.
C) their native language.
B) an English-language environment.
D) none of the above

Question 25

Multicultural approaches in education, such as attention to learning styles, recognition of dialect differences, bilingual education, and multicultural curricula, are based on the attempt to

A) shift the education of minority groups to a rigorous focus on academic areas.
B) allow diverse ethnic groups to segregate themselves naturally, in accordance with their own educational needs and preferences.
C) establish a standard for curriculum and instruction that allows all children to succeed.
D) respect the cultural background and identity that all students bring to classrooms, while at the same time preserving academic integrity and promoting student achievement.

Question 26

Research studies on the benefits that students receive from bilingual education indicate that the effects are

A) contradictory and controversial.
C) moderately positive.
B) moderately negative.
D) strongly positive.

Question 27

Two Native American students have just joined the class.You want to foster mutual respect for cultural differences among your students, as well as enhance the learning of your two new students.Which of the following might help you the most?

A) the "sheltered immersion" approach
C) homogeneous groups
B) the TBE approach
D) multiethnic instruction

Question 28

A majority of children with disabilities receive most or all of their education in

A) regular classrooms.
C) special schools or facilities.
B) self-contained classrooms.
D) their homes.

Question 29

As a result of legal mandates that students must learn in the least restrictive environment possible, most students with special needs are targeted for placement in

A) regular classrooms.
C) special schools or facilities.
B) self-contained classrooms.
D) their home.

Question 30

The process of identifying and classifying children who require special education is made difficult by

A) a shortage of materials and equipment needed to conduct the assessment.
B) the inadequately trained educators who conduct the assessment.
C) the limited availability of school funds to support the program.
D) poorly defined classification categories.

Question 31

Studies indicate that the problems children experience as a result of being classified or placed in a special class or program

A) negatively affect academic achievement.
B) are largely related to peer acceptance.
C) linger even after services are no longer needed.
D) none of these; the results are inconclusive.

Question 32

A consistent theme related to the education of students with disabilities is

A) the attempt to group students with disabilities separately from students who have no disabilities, thereby removing threats to self-esteem.
B) the need to treat students with disabilities as though they do not have disabilities.
C) the need to make sure that as few students as possible are identified as having disabilities.
D) the desire to create learning environments that are the most educative and, at the same time, the least restrictive.

Question 33

During the 1940s, __________________ spent $7.36 per student in black schools yet spent over $52 per student in white schools.

A) Michigan
C) Florida
B) Mississippi
D) Arkansas

Question 34

Research on teaching in "African-American English" or other dialects has shown that

A) findings about the benefits of such programs are inconclusive.
B) students who do not speak a dialect resist the programs.
C) parents do not support the programs.
D) students will gain academically if initially taught in their own dialect.

Question 35

Including multiple cultural perspectives in education potentially enhances the academic performance of minority students by

A) valuing the cultural background of students and, in the process, building their confidence, self-esteem, and pride in their own identity.
B) watering down curricula so that students are more likely to succeed.
C) giving all students at least one aspect of the curriculum in which they can do well.
D) showing students that mainstream culture is not really mainstream.

Question 36

Achievement of low-income minority students is likely to _____________ when students attend a middle-income nonminority school.

A) improve
C) show no change
B) decline
D) show little gains over a long period

Question 37

Early research on mainstreaming and inclusion indicates that

A) there is no evidence that academic performance is consistently improved by these practices.
B) that higher performance occurs with time spent in self-contained classrooms.
C) that student self-esteem is negatively affected by these practices.
D) all of the above

Question 38

Which of the following concepts is most closely related to inclusion?

A) least restrictive environment
C) labeling
B) pullout programs
D) disproportionate placement

Question 39

Based on legislation passed in recent years in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts, what do voters in those states believe about the appropriate education for English-language learners (ELLs)?

A) ELL is not an effective practice in its current form
B) Transitional bilingual education should be implemented in programs for ELLs.
C) Maintenance of the first language for as long as possible should be encouraged for ELLs.
D) Instruction in their primary language is beneficial for English-language learners' academic achievement.

Question 40

Up until about 1960, subcultures in the United States were expected to

A) be assimilated into the national mainstream.
B) maintain their subculture characteristics.
C) preserve their native language.
D) remain relatively segregated from society.

Question 41

What extra expenses might a school district incur when trying to implement the Education for All Handicapped Children Act?

Question 42

Why is there a debate in compensatory education programs about whether to use a behavioristic direct-instruction approach or an approach emphasizing conceptual development and abstract thinking skills?

Question 43

Under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), what happens to schools that do not make adequate yearly progress (AYP)?

Question 44

What are the differences between de facto segregation and de jure segregation?

Question 45

In what ways did white citizens delay implementation of the U.S.Supreme Court ruling in Brown v.Topeka Board of Education?

Question 46

Civil rights leaders, like Dr.Martin Luther King, were sparked by __________to challenge racial discrimination.

A) Brown v.Board of Education
C) the 1964 Civil Rights Act
B) the Bilingual Education Act
D) Roe v.Wade

Question 47

In big cities, an underlying cause of many segregation problems has been _____________.

A) pronounced housing and neighborhood segregation
B) transportation
C) shortage of schools
D) local government

Question 48

During the desegregation of school districts, what is the underlying purpose of integration?

Question 49

What are magnet schools, and why might they receive community support?

Question 50

In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that school districts

A) may be segregated.
B) may use race as a part of the desegregation plan.
C) may not use race as part of the desegregation plan.
D) may halt all efforts to desegregate.

Question 51

What steps were taken to rectify the poor record of compensatory programs after a decade of implementation?

Question 52

Reflect on the outcome of the Emergency School Aid Act.

Question 53

What arguments can be made for and against first-language maintenance as an approach to bilingual education?