Deck 10: Culture, Socialization, and Education

Question 1

The increase in the number of working mothers, the number of single-parent families, and divorce over the last fifty years has probably been instrumental in changing the way children in the United States are socialized, because

A) children are spending less and less more time in school.
B) the impact of institutions other than the family in the socialization of children has become more profound.
C) school has always been the primary socializing institution in the lives of children.
D) the median income of families has improved dramatically as a consequence of second incomes in most families.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What role does technology play in the development of socialization among school age children?

Answer 2

The potential is there for technology to play a negative role by hindering school achievement, providing negative outlets for socialization, altering some basic value systems, encouraging social isolation, and providing mixed media messages.On a positive note, the technology movement also allows the opportunity to provide extended classroom experiences embracing the social networks, providing media rich sources of information and creating better experiences centered on social development.

Question 3

Several researchers have proposed that teachers and the educational system on the whole reward conformity and adherence to rules, instruction, and regulations.Additionally, teachers tend to frown upon independent or unconventional learners.Despite this, many of the foremost "minds" of today demonstrate creative and innovative thinking.As an educator how might you address this dichotomy?

Answer 3

Answers will vary widely.Respondents should address points made by Jackson and Goodlad.Answers should address the issue of rewarding good behavior and lack of disruptiveness while granting students room for creativity, independent thought, and the exploration of new ideas and possibilities.Students might bring up individuals such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, entrepreneurs and innovators who stressed creativity and unorthodox manners of thinking as means of achieving success.

Question 4

Schoolchildren, particularly at the secondary level, experience a number of pressures and problems that may lead to the use of drugs, drinking, delinquency, teenage pregnancy, and possibly suicide.Educators have debated how much responsibility schools should assume in addressing these issues.Discuss what schools should do about these problems.Give the rationale for schools taking the responsibility that you describe.

Question 5

Often, homeless children who attend school

A) become easily frustrated.
B) have low academic achievement.
C) maintain good relations with other students.
D) try to establish a close friendship with the teacher.

Question 6

Teachers can help improve or increase students' aspirations by encouraging them to participate in

A) extracurricular activities.
C) computer classes.
B) community projects.
D) home-study groups.

Question 7

The largest increase in alcohol use is with ______________________________.

A) teenagers
C) adults
B) children under fifteen
D) children under ten

Question 8

Which of the following may contribute to the increase in suicide rates among children in the United States?

A) influence of mass media
C) low standards in school
B) increase in religious values
D) nuclear family

Question 9

A nuclear family can be described as one that

A) includes two parents living with their children.
B) is held together by strong family values.
C) lives in the center of a city.
D) lives near the children's school.

Question 10

Researchers examining the "net generation" conclude that

A) today's digital media will not prepare young people for complicated jobs.
B) Internet users are more likely to accept whatever information they encounter.
C) digital media and learning will narrow the achievement gap between middle-class students and those from low-income schools.
D) although television requires passive viewing, utilizing the Internet stimulates interactive participation.

Question 11

Hurried child syndrome may result when parents of young children overemphasize

A) formal instruction.
C) physical development.
B) instructional games.
D) socialization.

Question 12

Which social institution has been identified as having become less influential as a socializing force over the past several decades?

A) peer groups
C) church
B) mass media
D) family

Question 13

Some say that highly industrialized societies are creating a new trend-the "post nuclear family." Which of the following families is the best example of this trend?

A) a family that is establishing a renewed family closeness
B) a single-parent family with a working mother and three children
C) a family that focuses its attention on the needs of the children
D) a family primarily focused on the goals and self-fulfillment of its adult members

Question 14

According to Coleman's study in 1961, students with high prestige in high school include

A) only those who are athletes.
C) physically attractive students only.
B) only those who own nice cars.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

A major contributing factor to the number of latchkey children is the increase in the number of

A) community support groups.
C) two-parent households.
B) day-care centers.
D) working mothers.

Question 16

Drug and alcohol use by teenagers in the United States ________________ other industrialized nations.

A) is equal to
C) is unable to be compared to
B) is less than
D) far surpasses

Question 17

An individual who is prepared to function first as a young person and then as an adult is

A) acculturated.
C) assimilated.
B) adjusted.
D) socialized.

Question 18

Given current social conditions and trends, which of the following statements about Sam, a hypothetical twelve-year-old boy, is most likely to be true?

A) Sam's parents spend more time with him than their parents spent with them as children.
B) Sam's friends influence him more than his parents' friends influenced them as children.
C) Sam is less involved in extracurricular activities than his parents were at the same age.
D) The "hidden curriculum" at Sam's school is less likely to emphasize passive compliance than the culture of the schools his parents attended.

Question 19

In school, overindulged children may

A) exhibit a mature attitude.
B) become frustrated easily.
C) exhibit increased interest in academic subjects.
D) perform beyond expectations.

Question 20

The percentage of female-headed families below the poverty line is

A) less than 10 percent.
B) approximately 40 percent.
C) greater than 70 percent.
D) about equivalent to the percentage of two-parent families.

Question 21

Generally speaking, which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between the cultures of schools and the culture of American society in which schools operate?

A) Because schools are such varied institutions, it is hard to draw any comparisons.
B) Schools are basically successful at creating cultures that challenge the inadequacies and inequities of the culture outside schools.
C) Schools not only reflect the norms of the greater culture around them but also exert great efforts to maintain those norms.
D) Because the culture of America has become riddled with so many problems, schools have attempted to isolate themselves from the impact of the outside culture.

Question 22

Studies indicate that active, independent learners are sometimes

A) disruptive in the classroom.
B) rejected by teachers.
C) seen by other students as class leaders.
D) used by teachers to lead various activities.

Question 23

Drug and alcohol use by school-age children may

A) be perceived as academically beneficial by young people.
B) impede their transition to adult life.
C) result in their increased interest in health classes.
D) ultimately lead to increased academic performance.

Question 24

Problems with violence and delinquency are particularly acute among _________________.

A) African American males
C) males only
B) African American females
D) Hispanic males

Question 25

Based on the research of John Goodlad, when students were asked, "What is the one best thing about this school?" students most often replied,

A) "School spirit."
C) "My friends."
B) "The teachers."
D) "Certain classes."

Question 26

The peer group behavior of boys and girls at the elementary and junior-high levels stresses

A) competitive behavior for girls.
B) increasingly cooperative roles for boys.
C) traditional role expectations for boys and girls.
D) all of the above.

Question 27

The percentage of births to teen mothers outside of wedlock has increased from 15 percent in 1960 to _________ percent in the past decade.

A) 20
C) 70
B) 40
D) 90

Question 28

Because teachers reward passive behavior, elementary-school boys often

A) develop critical-thinking skills.
C) excel in language arts.
B) express leadership abilities.
D) exhibit high rates of alienation.

Question 29

When dealing with bullies, a school might best

A) apply behavioral contracts.
B) organize more physical activities.
C) include more manipulative instructional activities.
D) apply corporal punishment.

Question 30

Given what we know about the socialization of children in this country, schools seem to be

A) likely to have more of an impact than the family but less than peers.
B) likely to have more of an impact than peers but less than the family.
C) likely to have less impact than either the family or peers.
D) basically insignificant institutions with little impact on children's socialization.

Question 31

Typical elementary classroom procedures are primarily designed to

A) emphasize educational concepts.
B) maintain good student-teacher relationships.
C) prevent disturbances.
D) provide maximum instructional time.

Question 32

Most research confirms that schools and classrooms do have cultures and that, in most cases, these cultures promote

A) control and order.
C) cooperation and collegiality.
B) creativity and spontaneity.
D) participation and decision making.

Question 33

School services have extended into which of the following areas?

A) physical and mental health
C) employment assistance
B) health and medical assistance
D) all of the above

Question 34

Institutional and social realities encourage students to

A) be conforming in their behavior.
C) develop dependence on the teacher.
B) become independent thinkers.
D) maintain good study habits.

Question 35

Because of the numerous professional demands placed on teachers, educators are calling for

A) additional teacher aides.
C) recognition of the efforts of teachers.
B) more parental involvement.
D) reduction in teaching loads.

Question 36

Children's aggressive behavior after watching violence on television has been shown to

A) be dependent on situational factors.
B) decrease after nature shows, even if violence is included.
C) increase after violent shows.
D) increase with excessive television viewing.

Question 37

Women currently constitute ______________ percent of college enrollment.

A) 20
C) 60
B) 40
D) 80

Question 38

According to much of the research on student roles, which of the following children is most likely to be perceived by teachers as a "model" student?

A) Angelina, an advanced student who is always looking for more things to do and learn
B) Van, who actively participates in all class discussions
C) Joy, who quietly and efficiently does everything she's told to do
D) Becky, a very expressive, creative student with a flair for drama

Question 39

Studies show that television can have a positive effect on

A) creative thinking.
C) socialization.
B) development of values.
D) all of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following statements most accurately describes student participation in establishing the culture of schools and classrooms?

A) Students are typically so passive that they are pawns of school culture and participate very little in defining it.
B) Students subtly, and sometimes directly and intentionally, define the culture of schools and classrooms so that it works to their advantage.
C) Students are not aware of the culture of schools and classrooms because it is an adult creation beyond student control.
D) Students are aware of the culture of schools and classrooms but care little about whether it affects them or not.

Question 41

In the past decade, nearly ________children have been killed in or around schools due to violent behavior.

A) 50
C) 200
B) 100
D) 400

Question 42

How do changes in the family makeup influence the way in which the educational system approaches the family unit?

Question 43

Discuss how the norms of society are maintained and passed on to the next generation in a school setting.

Question 44

How can teachers adjust their behavior or select instructional activities in an effort to recognize the importance of the peer group?

Question 45

Social service personnel employed by districts need to be prepared to help primarily with student problems in

A) academic subjects.
C) extracurricular activities.
B) classroom behavior.
D) social adjustment.

Question 46

Identify reasons for the increase in the number of working mothers since 1950, and briefly discuss the probable effects on their children.

Question 47

What effects do extracurricular activities have on young children?

Question 48

What still needs to be done to help improve educational opportunities and equity for female students?

Question 49

What factors seem to have contributed to the increase in the percentage of births to teenage mothers that occur out of wedlock?

Question 50

Identify ways in which boys and girls are disadvantaged by sex-role stereotypes that might be promoted in schools.

Question 51

Young people who are deeply troubled and who may consider suicide

A) may withdraw from friends and family.
B) represent a lower proportion of students than 60 years ago.
C) may surprisingly improve in their academic work.
D) typically do not show warning signs.

Question 52

How pervasive is the problem of child abuse and neglect, and what are the potential problems that abused children might face in their subsequent years?

Question 53

How might television reduce violent behavior in children?