Deck 3: World Roots of American Education

Question 1

Which of the following best reflects the metaphysical position underlying Plato's beliefs about education?

A) Like the Sophists, Plato believed that the purpose of education was to give students the knowledge and skills to become successful leaders of society.
B) The purpose of education was to help students begin to discover the truths that were innately present within each person and, in the process, to find those persons who were most intellectually capable of leading society.
C) Platonic schools stressed the ability to work within a vocation that most effectively met the needs of Greek society.
D) Because there was no such thing as ultimate truth, the purpose of education was to develop truths that would be most useful in the effective functioning of Greek society.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

As a high-school social studies teacher, you believe your students lack enough heroes and role models.You begin collaborating with an English teacher at your school to have students turn aspects of their family histories into epics that highlight the positive characteristics and admirable actions of male and female family members.In having students write, share, and discuss these personal epics, you are following most closely in the educational footsteps of which of the following groups?

A) Ancient Greeks
C) Arabic educators
B) Sophists
D) Socratic educators

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which ancient Chinese educational legacy still influences China's education system today?

A) character education that encourages equality
B) emphasis on living simply and spontaneously
C) encouragement of alternative thinking
D) national examinations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

You are a middle-school science teacher whose approach to teaching emphasizes the development of concepts (e.g., weather) through the logical study of things that are part of the concept (e.g., clouds and rain).Your approach has much in common with that of which famous educator?

A) Plato
C) Aristotle
B) Socrates
D) Quintilian

Question 5

Many cultures counted on _________to transmit their cultural heritage through very gifted leaders.

A) music
C) drama
B) dance
D) storytelling

Question 6

As societies changed, so did their view of the purposes of schools and the educational needs of citizens.Consequently, the content included in the curriculum changed over time.Discuss and analyze how the curriculum has changed throughout history in response to societal changes utilizing the at least three of ideals presented in this chapter.

Question 7

The early Chinese culture believed that their heritage was __________________.

A) evolving and required no change
B) ethnocentric and superior to all others
C) new and limited in depth
D) socially aware and blended with other ideals

Question 8

The Sophists broke with traditional Greek beliefs about education in that they

A) focused on education as a search for eternal truths.
B) promoted an education that focused on the needs of the intellectual elite of society.
C) saw education as a means by which groups that were not part of society's elite could become part of the elite.
D) used education as preparation for military service.

Question 9

Education in preliterate societies focused on

A) gathering food.
C) providing shelter.
B) making tools.
D) transmitting culture.

Question 10

Describe the education system proposed by Confucius in the second century B.C.

Question 11

In ancient Greece, why was education by the Sophists well received? How did critics view the Sophists?

Question 12

Educational opportunities for women and for citizens from lower socioeconomic classes either did not exist or were very limited throughout much of the history reviewed in the chapter.Why did these limitations exist? Analyze and illustrate how limitations in schooling opportunities and curricular programs were gradually reduced over time.

Question 13

In Plato's Republic, he

A) described a perfect state ruled by the intellectual elite.
B) endorsed the use of sensory approaches to instruction.
C) examined the curriculum in Greek schools.
D) proposed a system of schooling using rhetoric.

Question 14

The Greek approach of having the student immersed and participating in society can be described as

A) enculturation.
C) scholasticism.
B) extremely centralized.
D) the Socratic method.

Question 15

Your colleague Brenda, a social studies teacher, believes that only the best-educated persons should be in positions of authority in the American federal government.Which of the following had views most similar to Brenda's?

A) The Sophists
C) Arabic educators
B) Renaissance educators
D) Plato

Question 16

Children learn the group's language and skills and assimilate moral and religious values through ________.

A) culture
C) books
B) enculturation
D) myths

Question 17

Identify the methods of teaching utilized in the seventh-century rabbinical schools in Israel and Babylonia.

Question 18

Advanced schools in ancient Egypt were established to prepare

A) priests only.
C) government officials only.
B) physicians only.
D) all of the above.

Question 19

What are some samples of informal learning?

A) songs and stories
C) books
B) recipes and written stories
D) dance and written music

Question 20

For Aristotle, thinking and knowing begin with

A) grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
B) one's sensation of objects in the environment.
C) rediscovery of latent knowledge.
D) self-examination and self-analysis.

Question 21

The Romans borrowed many of their philosophical views on education from the Greeks.The relationship between the two cultures is best expressed in which of the following statements?

A) Both societies placed the greatest emphasis on education that prepared one for the search for ultimate truth.
B) Whereas the Greeks placed little emphasis on the education of vocational classes, the Romans saw the education of the lower classes as vital to the success of the republic.
C) Given the needs of the Roman government once it moved from a republic to an empire, the works of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle served as the basis for Roman formal education.
D) Although the Romans strongly emphasized the education of the elite, as had the Greeks, the Romans were more interested in preparing a ruling class for the republic, and later the empire, and were less interested in the search for ultimate truth.

Question 22

Currently, national exams are utilized for entrance, especially to universities, in _______________.

A) China
C) South Korea
B) Japan
D) all of the above

Question 23

Isocrates maintained that education had objectives that led to

A) inner rationality.
C) scholarly and scientific discipline.
B) virtuous leaders.
D) development of vocational skills.

Question 24

The Egyptian obsession with mummification led to great advances in __________that influenced modern education.

A) medicine
C) embalming
B) anatomy
D) all of the above

Question 25

An important Greek and Roman contribution to Western education was

A) the focus on the role of education in improving society's political well-being.
B) the emphasis on religious education at all levels of schooling.
C) the training provided teachers.
D) the use of inquiry teaching approaches.

Question 26

You teach French.Instead of drilling students in French grammar and vocabulary, you like to emphasize conversations in French, discussions of French authors and literature, and games and contests that make learning interesting.With which of the following historical figures do you have the most in common?

A) Thomas Aquinas
C) Quintilian
B) Erasmus
D) Martin Luther

Question 27

__________ is the education act that changed the way we mandate exams in the United States.

A) IDEA
C) No Child Left Behind
B) MEAP
D) Education Reform

Question 28

During the Reformation, Protestant religious educators sought to

A) free themselves and their followers from papal authority.
B) introduce child-centered instructional approaches.
C) open up secondary education to all children.
D) restrict access to schooling.

Question 29

During the Renaissance, Erasmus was

A) a proponent of incorporating literature as the main tool of instruction.
B) a critic of including history in the curriculum.
C) a proponent of harsh discipline for young children.
D) a supporter on instruction through the use of scientific inquiry.

Question 30

Secondary schools during the Reformation were intended for

A) all boys.
C) upper-class boys only.
B) all boys and girls.
D) upper-class boys and girls.

Question 31

The major legacy of the Renaissance to the future development of Western education was

A) its emphasis on the sciences.
C) the study of Latin.
B) its initiation of vocational education.
D) teaching by the Socratic method.

Question 32

The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance

A) advanced the idea of literacy and schooling.
B) created an elite class of educated people who controlled access to information.
C) had little impact on the dissemination of information.
D) further restricted access to knowledge to the elite.

Question 33

Lavinia is a high-school teacher who owes a debt of gratitude to the Arabs for their significant contributions to the development of her subject area.Which of the following subjects is Lavinia most likely to teach?

A) Social studies
C) Music
B) Physical education
D) Mathematics

Question 34

Vernacular schools were elementary schools intended for

A) all boys.
C) upper-class boys only.
B) all boys and girls.
D) upper-class boys and girls.

Question 35

In what way were the concerns of medieval education most closely related to those of Greek and Roman education?

A) The three cultures believed in educating a middle class that would support the ruling class.
B) Although the medieval "elite" had come to be defined as a religious elite, the primary purpose of education was still to provide a strong foundation based in the teachings of the ancient philosophers and those of the church.
C) The best education was seen as that which prepared one for service in the government.
D) Much of the writings of the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers had little impact on education in the medieval period.

Question 36

The educated courtier in the Renaissance period was considered to be

A) a tactful and diplomatic person.
C) an effective teacher.
B) a just ruler.
D) a noble bishop.

Question 37

Which of the following did Martin Luther recognize to be an agent of reform?

A) the family
C) the state
B) schools
D) all of the above

Question 38

The methodological approach that involved theological and philosophical scholarship and teaching is called

A) dialectic.
C) scholasticism.
B) logic.
D) the Socratic method.

Question 39

Arabic educators contributed to Western education by

A) emphasizing learning-through-inquiry approaches.
B) focusing on students' sensory experiences.
C) stressing the stages of human growth and development.
D) providing new insights into math and medicine.

Question 40

The ancient Egyptian civilization was characterized by _____________.

A) a large empire, open dessert, and rule by the people.
B) tribal kingdoms, rule by pharaohs, and located on the riverbanks.
C) emperor rule, small regions, and open dessert.
D) a large empire, tribal kingdom, and rule by the people.

Question 41

In preliterate societies, the tribal leaders determined the purpose of education.What are some purposes in which education was passed on to each generation?

Question 42

MATCHING:
a.Han dynasty 207 BCE, looked to the unanswered questions, hierarchical relationships
b.Lao Tzu, The Way and Virtue, search of true reality hidden by appearances
c.Ch'in dynasty, associated with Shih Huang Ti, emperor's edicts were unquestionable
Legalism

Question 43

How did the example of the "Freedom" program demonstrate the history of education and cultural beliefs?

Question 44

Describe how the process of literacy evolved into the written form of today?

Question 45

Develop your own personal education autobiography.What are the origins of your beliefs and ideals? What are the family roots that make up your construction?

Question 46

Describe the difference between a group's prescriptions and proscriptions within a culture?

Question 47

MATCHING:
a.Han dynasty 207 BCE, looked to the unanswered questions, hierarchical relationships
b.Lao Tzu, The Way and Virtue, search of true reality hidden by appearances
c.Ch'in dynasty, associated with Shih Huang Ti, emperor's edicts were unquestionable
Confucianism

Question 48

MATCHING:
a.Han dynasty 207 BCE, looked to the unanswered questions, hierarchical relationships
b.Lao Tzu, The Way and Virtue, search of true reality hidden by appearances
c.Ch'in dynasty, associated with Shih Huang Ti, emperor's edicts were unquestionable
Taoism

Question 49

In an effort to reform society, educators during the Age of Enlightenment tried to create a new pattern of schooling based on

A) a strong central government.
C) religious doctrines.
B) scientific inquiry and reason.
D) vocational education.

Question 50

What were the views of Isocrates on civic education, and how did he influence Western education?

Question 51

Why were only upper-class citizens in ancient Rome offered educational opportunities?

Question 52

_____________believed that the purpose of education was to transmit an approved rendition of the cultural heritage that was constructed by the religious and political elite.

A) Greeks
C) Chinese
B) Egyptians
D) Jews

Question 53

Carl teaches elementary language arts in a rural area.He believes fervently that reading and fluency in one's native language are among the most important skills people can have, for these skills open up a world of ideas that otherwise would be inaccessible.Because of this belief, Carl tutors for Literacy Volunteers of America during his free time.With educators in which historical period would Carl most closely identify?

A) Renaissance
C) Reformation
B) Ancient India
D) Medieval period

Question 54

How did the lack of a strong, centralized government affect education in medieval times?

Question 55

With dual tracks during the Reformation, different schools were established for

A) boys and girls.
B) students from different socioeconomic classes.
C) religiously oriented curricular programs and programs that were not religiously oriented.
D) vocational education and college preparation.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) From group to group and throughout history, there are few similarities in educational beliefs.
B) Although ideas have changed over time, the ideas of early theorists and groups often contributed to or influenced later ones.
C) There is remarkable similarity among the ideas about education that have characterized various groups and time periods.
D) Despite some similarities, most philosophical positions on education that have been expressed over time have little basis in earlier ideas.

Question 57

What purpose do songs and stories play in the development of education?

Question 58

What were some factors that contributed to the religious reformation?

Question 59

Why was Martin Luther interested in having the state supervise schools and license teachers?

Question 60

_______________________was believed to be the founder of what is now known as "character education." The focus was on emphasizing civility - polite, correct and proper behavior.

A) Confucius
C) Homer
B) Sappho
D) Plato

Question 61

How do you as a future teacher provide students with the appreciation for the cultural and scientific achievements of the past as well as openness to social and technological change?