Deck 14: Individual Emotions

Question 1

Rumination is the catalyst that, when combined with other negative emotions, produces emotion overproduction that often leads to:
(a)anger
(b)depression
(c)envy
(d)shame

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The emotion of _______arises primarily from experiences of separation and failure.
(a)Anger
(b)disgust
(c)distress or sadness
(d)fear

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______involves a negative evaluation of the other person's behavior; typically the other person is judged to be unworthy in some way.
It only arises during social interaction.
(a)Anger
(b)Contempt
(c)Disgust
(d)Fear

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______arises from a person's interpretation that the situation or event is dangerous and a threat to one's well-being.
(a)Anger
(b)Anxiety
(c)Disgust
(d)Fear

Question 5

______arises from any object deemed to be contaminated in some way, including bodily contaminations (germs, poor hygiene), interpersonal contaminations (physical contact with undesirable people), and moral contaminations (child abuse, incest, infidelity).
(a)Anger
(b)Anxiety
(c)Disgust
(d)Fear

Question 6

______arises from restraint, as in the case of having one's plans and goals interfered with by some outside force.
(a)Anger
(b)Disgust
(c)Distress (sadness)
(d)Fear

Question 7

The text states that ______arises principally from experiences of separation or failure, although it is particularly closely related to an experience of permanent loss.
(a)contempt
(b)disgust
(c)envy
(d)sadness

Question 8

According to the text, ______is potentially the most dangerous emotion, as its functional purpose is to destroy barriers in one's environment.
(a)anger
(b)disgust
(c)distress or sadness
(d)fear

Question 9

______is the oldest emotion, with its original function being to prevent the oral incorporation of offensive substances.
(a)Anxiety
(b)Disgust
(c)Fear
(d)Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 10

When a beneficial event related to our needs and well-being is anticipated, we feel:
(a)achievement.
(b)anxiety.
(c)interest.
(d)love.

Question 11

The function of _______is to reject some aspect of the environment.
(a)anger
(b)disgust
(c)distress (sadness)
(d)fear

Question 12

When there is an obstacle to one's pursuit of a goal, _______prepares the person to overcome such obstacles.
(a)a phobia
(b)anger
(c)anxiety
(d)fear

Question 13

_____is the most prevalent emotion in day-to-day functioning, with some level being ever present.
(a)Anger
(b)Distress (sadness)
(c)Fear
(d)Interest
(e)Joy (happiness)

Question 14

When people describe their most recent emotional experience, the emotion that most often comes to mind is:
(a)anger
(b)compassion
(c)fear
(d)gratitude
(e)pride

Question 15

The emotion that underlies "moralization" so that the person is motivated to avoid any temptation to engage in the immoral behavior is:
(a)contempt
(b)disgust
(c)envy
(d)sadness

Question 16

______involves feeling repulsed by and motivated to get away from or get rid of a contaminated, deteriorated, or spoiled object.
(a)Anxiety
(b)Disgust
(c)Envy
(d)Fear

Question 17

______motivates defensive behavior. It acts as a warning signal to forthcoming harm.
(a)Anger
(b)Disgust
(c)Distress (sadness)
(d)Fear

Question 18

______can get people to change personal habits and attributes, discard waste and sanitize their surroundings, reappraise their thoughts and values, wash the dishes, brush their teeth, take showers, and exercise.
(a)Anger
(b)Anxiety
(c)Disgust
(d)Fear

Question 19

The principal antecedent of ______is physical and psychological restraint or interference, as in the experience showing that a situation is "not what it should be."
(a)anger
(b)disgust
(c)distress or sadness
(d)fear

Question 20

______is the most negative, aversive emotion. It motivates the person to do whatever it takes to get rid of some troubling set of circumstances.
(a)Anger
(b)Disgust
(c)Distress (sadness)
(d)Fear

Question 21

Sadness can slip into depression, and the key trigger that advances sadness into depression is:
(a)a fall from grace
(b)anticipating a harm
(c)rejecting or pushing away a threat or harm
(d)rumination

Question 22

According to the text, the themes that organize the otherwise diverse emotions of fear, anger, disgust, and sadness are:
(a)escape and avoidance.
(b)flight and fight.
(c)rejection and resignation.
(d)threat and harm.

Question 23

______is the emotional reaction that follows victory in a competitive situation.
(a)Dominance
(b)Happiness
(c)Joy
(d)Triumph

Question 24

______serves as a moral barometer to provide immediate and salient feedback about how well or how poorly one's self stands up to moral and performance-based standards of acceptability.
(a)Depression
(b)Guilt
(c)Sadness
(d)Shame

Question 25

______occurs following a social blunder that is committed in front of an audience of others.Such a blunder suggests that the actor may possess some personal deficiency, as occurs when forgetting someone's name (a mental lapse), tripping or stumbling (a physical pratfall), or lacking reasonable control over one's physical functions.
(a)Embarrassment
(b)Guilt
(c)Sadness
(d)Shame

Question 26

_____has a way of undoing the distressing effects of aversive emotions, as, for example, when parents sing and make funny faces to soothe their distressed infants and when lovers show affection to pave over an otherwise conflictual exchange.
(a)Gratitude
(b)Interest
(c)Joy
(d)Pride

Question 27

_____is important because it motivates environmental engagement, promoting learning, skill development, knowledge acquisition, and achievement, and it replenishes personal resources.
(a)Gratitude
(b)Interest
(c)Joy
(d)Pride

Question 28

Unlike negative emotions that narrow attention to the immediate stimulus at hand, ______has the opposite effect of broadening our attention, thoughts, and behaviors.
(a)Gratitude
(b)Interest
(c)Joy
(d)Pride

Question 29

The dark side of ______is that it may be associated with narcissism and contribute to aggression, relationship conflict, and antisocial behaviors such as manipulating others.
(a)embarrassment
(b)guilt
(c)pride
(d)shame

Question 30

_____is an overwhelmingly powerful emotion associated with feelings of inferiority, a sense of worthlessness, and a damaged self-image.
(a)Depression
(b)Guilt
(c)Sadness
(d)Shame

Question 31

______arises after the person evaluates his behavior (not himself) as a failure. Thus the focus of this emotion is on the self's behavior and action rather than on the self's worth per se.
(a)Disappointment
(b)Guilt
(c)Regret
(d)Sadness
(e)Shame

Question 32

______revolves around subjective experiences of being snobbish, stuck-up, conceited, arrogant, egotistical, and smug, and it is rooted in internal, stable, and uncontrollable attributions.
(a)authentic pride
(b)external pride
(c)hubristic pride
(d)internal pride

Question 33

______signals social dominance that has an air of aggression, tension release, and a taunting of opponents that seeks to put them in their place.
(a)Happiness (or Joy)
(b)Joy
(c)Triumph
(d)Authentic pride

Question 34

The function of the contempt emotion is to:
(a)destroy a social barrier.
(b)maintain the social hierarchy
(c)restore (or protect)the self
(d)reverse an experience of failure

Question 35

The function of ______is to act like a moral barometer to provide immediate and salient feedback about the worth and acceptability of one's behavior.
(a)disappointment
(b)guilt
(c)shame
(d)sadness

Question 36

______is associated with desirable outcomes-experiencing a personal achievement, making progress toward a goal, getting what we want, or experiencing pleasurable sensations.
(a)Gratitude
(b)Interest
(c)Joy
(d)Pride

Question 37

Two motives are generated as a result of experiencing ________: to protect the self and to restore the threatened self.
(a)disappointment
(b)guilt
(c)sadness
(d)shame

Question 38

The functional purpose of _____is to motivate behaviors that will restore a positive view of the self that has just been threatened or challenged by one's own moral violation
Or display of incompetence.
(a)disappointment
(b)guilt
(c)sadness
(d)shame

Question 39

______is expressed with a slight (not a large) smile, tilting the head slightly back, expanding the chest, and raising one's arms upward into the air.
(a)Embarrassment
(b)Guilt
(c)Pride
(d)Shame

Question 40

______is an unpleasant emotional experience that arises when one person perceives that another has an advantage over him or her while also desiring what the other has.
(a)Envy
(b)Guilt
(c)Pride
(d)Shame

Question 41

Explain how the emotion of sadness may be beneficial to the person.

Question 42

Explain the three functions associated with joy.

Question 43

Explain why anger is the most passionate emotion as well as the most dangerous.

Question 44

Name the seven basic emotions.

Question 45

______arises when one compares the outcome one received versus a better outcome that might have resulted from the same action or the same choice.
(a)Anger
(b)Disappointment
(c)Regret
(d)Sadness

Question 46

Taking pleasure in the misfortune of another person is called _________.
(a)Compassion
(b)Envy
(c)Jealousy
(d)Pride
(e)Schadenfreude

Question 47

______is an important prosocial emotion that both facilitates cooperation and helping on the one hand and acts in opposition to antisocial behavior.
(a)Embarrassment
(b)Empathy
(c)Gratitude
(d)Interest
(e)Pride

Question 48

How do fear and anxiety differ?

Question 49

Mimicry, in which one's own facial expression, voice tone, and posture mirrors that of the other person, seems to trigger:
(a)Compassion.
(b)Empathy
(c)Interest
(d)Gratitude
(e)Sadness

Question 50

The phrase "I took action, it turned out bad, and now I wish that I had acted differently" sums up which of the following emotions?
(a)Anger
(b)Disappointment
(c)Regret
(d)Sadness

Question 51

______is rooted in the desire for some future outcome that is of particular importance to the person.It typically involves a wish for an attractive goal, attractive event, or desired relationship.
(a)Interest
(b)Joy
(c)Gratitude
(d)Hope

Question 52

______is triggered by another person's emotional state or situational circumstances, and it involves the observer feeling what the actor feels.
(a)Compassion
(b)Empathy
(c)Regret
(d)Sadness

Question 53

______is associated with feelings of powerlessness that arise from motivation and action tendencies that revolve around doing nothing.
(a)Anger
(b)Disappointment
(c)Regret
(d)Sadness

Question 54

______generates a moving-up motivation, and it is aimed at improving one's position.
(a)Benign envy
(b)Interest
(c)Gratitude
(d)Malicious envy
(e)Schadenfreude

Question 55

______generates a pulling-down motivation, although it too is aimed at improving one's position.
(a)Benign envy
(b)Disappointment
(c)Embarrassment
(d)Malicious envy
(e)Regret

Question 56

When people experience ________, it heightens the perceptions of closeness toward the other and creates an approach-based prosocial motivational orientation toward the other.
(a)Embarrassment
(b)Gratitude
(c)Interest
(d)Pride
(e)Triumph

Question 57

______is an important social emotion because it reinforces generosity and prosocial behavior (e.g., hugging, saying "thank you"), it motivates beneficiaries to behave prosocially, and it promotes and builds positive interpersonal relationships.
(a)Happiness
(b)Interest
(c)Joy
(d)Gratitude

Question 58

______is a complex emotion, partly because it is peculiarly both a positive and a negative emotion.
(a)Compassion
(b)Gratitude
(c)Sympathy
(d)Schadenfreude

Question 59

______is a benefit detector-an emotional experience that occurs after one has benefited from the generosity (gift, help, assistance, or guidance) and prosocial behavior of others.
(a)Happiness (or Joy)
(b)Gratitude
(c)Pride
(d)Triumph

Question 60

Explain the similarities and differences between sadness and depression.

Question 61

How are the "self-conscious emotions" of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride different from the emotions of fear, anger, and joy?

Question 62

Compare and contrast the emotions of disappointment and regret.

Question 63

Explain the dual motivation theory of shame.

Question 64

Identify and describe in a sentence or two the key benefits of empathy.

Question 65

Define, compare, and contrast the two facets associated with the dual nature of pride.

Question 66

How are the emotions of shame and guilt different from one another?

Question 67

Embarrassment occurs after a social blunder in front of an audience of others.
Explain how the display of embarrassment is often effective in gaining a positive (rather than a negative or critical) reaction from the audience.

Question 68

Envy has two facets, one constructive and the other destructive.
Explain and define the two facets along with their functions.

Question 69

Explain the three essential functions of embarrassment.
Cite the research in your explanation.

Question 70

Explain the two key reasons (benefits) that make interest an especially important emotion.

Question 71

Explain why gratitude is such an important and personally- and socially-constructive emotion.