Deck 12: Forgetting

Question 1

Riding a bicycle is an example of _____ memory.

A) rotary
B) procedural
C) physical
D) muscular

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the _____________ metaphor, experiences are stashed in the brain like photographs in an album.

A) storage
B) cache
C) stockpile
D) collector

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The "man who couldn't forget" was studied by__________.

A) Freud
B) Luria
C) Ebbinghaus
D) Underwood

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Kamil and Balda found that Clark's nutcrackers could recall the location of food caches for up to ____________.

A) 6 hours
B) 6 days
C) 6 weeks
D) 6 months

Question 5

To measure forgetting, Ebbinghaus used the ____________ method.

A) relearning
B) extinction
C) free recall
D) prompted recall

Question 6

Another term for episodic memory is ____ memory.

A) autobiographical
B) ancestral
C) sequential
D) frame

Question 7

Endel Tulving said that _____ memories have to do with "knowledge of the world."

A) semantic
B) episodic
C) linguistic
D) academic

Question 8

The first person to demonstrate the relationship between forgetting and degree of learning was probably____________ .

A) Krueger
B) Ebbinghaus
C) Underwood
D) Dunlap

Question 9

Forgetting is the deterioration of ____________ .

A) performance
B) memory
C) mental processes
D) neurological tissue

Question 10

Forgetting can be studied by requiring the subject to match a stimulus presented earlier, a procedure called ____________.

A) DMTS
B) MTSD
C) MTS
D) the extinction method

Question 11

Harry Bahrick's studies of forgetting have involved retention inervals of up to _______.

A) five weeks
B)five months
C) five years
D) five decades

Question 12

Forgetting can be measured as a flattening of the generalization gradient, a procedure called gradient____________.

A) leveling
B) degradation
C) reduction
D) deterioration

Question 13

It turns out that Jack (see item 7) can't remember anything that happened from the time he and Jill started up the hill. Jill takes Jack up the hill again and finds that he remembers seeing the well before.
Jill is measuring forgetting by using ____________.

A) relearning
B) extinction
C) free recall
D) prompted recall

Question 14

When measuring forgetting using the extinction method, the behavior studied is ___________.

A) put on extinction before the retention interval
B) put on extinction after the retention interval
C) alternately extinguished and retrained
D) completely extinguished before training begins

Question 15

Clark's nutcrackers apparently recall the location of something like _________ food caches.

A) 100
B) 1,000
C) 2,000
D) 20,000

Question 16

Jack and Jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack falls down and breaks his crown and Jill thinks he may have suffered a concussion. To test his memory, she asks him if he remembers what happened. Jill
Is measuring forgetting by the method known as ____________.

A) relearning
B) extinction
C) free recall
D) prompted recall

Question 17

The term _______ memory refers to learned behavior that can be expressed, usually in words.

A) declarative
B) verbal
C) implicit
D) linguistic

Question 18

The first person to argue that the passage of time does not cause forgetting was probably __________.

A) Ebbinghaus
B) McGeoch
C) Steinmetz
D) Underwood

Question 19

Memories that cannot be expressed are called _____.

A) ineffable
B) nondeclarative
C) explicit
D) motoric

Question 20

One measure of forgetting is called delayed matching to sample. This procedures could be considered a form of____________.

A) relearning
B) extinction
C) free recall
D) prompted recall

Question 21

The names of the Great Lakes can be recalled with help of the acronym, _______.

A) HURON
B) HOMES
C) HOUSE
D) MOUSE

Question 22

When forgetting occurs because the environment during recall is different from the environment during training, it is said to be ____________.

A) cue-dependent
B) environment triggered
C) stimulus triggered
D) venue triggered

Question 23

The work of Levine and Murphy suggests that people are more likely to forget what they read if they ____________.

A) agree with it
B) disagree with it
C) are ambivalent about it
D) wrote it

Question 24

The length of the retention interval is unrelated to the degree of forgetting.

Question 25

The "savings method" is one way of measuring forgetting.

Question 26

Meaningful material is forgotten less readily than nonsense material. This shows the importance of ____________.

A) insight
B) previous learning
C) subsequent learning
D) understanding

Question 27

Forgetting is a deterioration in learned performance following a period without practice.

Question 28

A system for learning with flash cards is known by the acronym____________.

A) FLASH
B) SPDLN
C) SAFMEDS
D) IDANO

Question 29

Loftus found that eyewitness reports are influenced by the words used to ask about the event. In one experiment, she found that use of the word "smashed" produced higher estimates of car speed than
Use of the word____________.

A) struck
B) banged
C) crashed
D) hit

Question 30

The measure of forgetting called gradient degradation has to do with extinction.

Question 31

A study of immobilized cockroaches showed the importance of ________________ in forgetting.

A) sleep
B) state dependent learning
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference

Question 32

When what we learned on Monday interferes with our ability to recall what we learned the following Tuesday, we speak of ____________.

A) proactive interference
B) retroactive interference
C) overlearning
D) the training effect

Question 33

The Jenkins and Dallenback study of forgetting after sleep suggests that forgetting is a function of
learning.

Question 34

The Jenkins and Dallenback study of forgetting after sleep suggests that forgetting is a function of ____________.

A) learning
B) fatigue
C) time
D) failure to use mnemonics

Question 35

Declarative knowledge is also called explicit knowledge.

Question 36

The Chase and Simon study comparing chess masters and ordinary players showed that when chess pieces were arranged in random order, ____________ .

A) chess masters forgot less
B) ordinary players forgot less
C) chess masters and ordinary players forgot about the same amount
D) chess masters learned more and forgot more

Question 37

Sir Frederick Barlett's classic study of forgetting used the story, _________.

A) The Tortoise and the Hare
B) The War of the Ghosts
C) The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit
D) Lassie Come Home

Question 38

The name Benton Underwood is associated with paired associate learning.

Question 39

In _________ learning, two stimuli, A and B, are presented, and the task is then to recall B when presented with A.

A) AB
B) ABA
C) paired associate
D) conjoined stimulus

Question 40

Marjory memorized her part in the school play thoroughly in her apartment, but found that she
couldn't remember her lines at rehearsal. Her trouble is consistent with the effects of context cues.

Question 41

Today, some psychologists argue that forgetting is learning. Explain this idea.

Question 42

What are some things your text says you can do to reduce forgetting?

Question 43

If we forget much of what we learn in school, what is the point of learning those things?

Question 44

In one of Rovee-Collier`s experiments with babies and mobiles, after a retention interval there was no sign of forgetting when the context was the same as that during training.
Completion

Question 45

What did Bartlett's War of the Ghosts study reveal about forgetting?

Question 46

Describe Krueger's study of overlearning and its findings.

Question 47

The period between the end of a learning experience and its recall is called the _______ interval.

Question 48

When the task is to identify stimuli to which the subject was exposed earlier, the measure of forgetting used is called_______.

Question 49

Bob is introduced to Matilda at a party. A few minutes later he is introduced to Harriet. When he
meets Matilda again, he can't recall her name. This is most likely an example of _______
interference.

Question 50

What did Harry Bahrick's study of Spanish reveal about the relationship between learning and forgetting?

Question 51

When performance varies with an organism's physiological condition, it is said to be _______ .

Question 52

The text describes experiments by Rovee-Collier and her colleagues that involve babies learning to move a mobile by kicking a foot. After a retention interval the researchers test the retention of this behavior. What do these experiments tell us about forgetting?

Question 53

Declarative memories include _______ and _______ memories.

Question 54

Some people say that what happened in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s could never happen again. What have you learned about forgetting that would make you doubt the truth of this statementinferred)
Forgetting implies repetition of past errors, and history does repeat itself. Students might remember that racial discrimination was common throughout much of the U. S. into the 1960s. Some might know that Americans of Japanese descent were put in concentration camps without criminal charges or due process during World War II. Recent discrimination against people of Middle East descent provides another example. Perhaps another point to be made is that we cannot remember what we have not learned. If we have not learned tolerance, we may behave as intolerantly toward minority groups as the Nazis did.

Question 55

Studies of interference often involve learning pairs of words. This procedure is called paired _______ learning.