Deck 4: The Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum

Question 1

Innervation of the diaphragm is provided primarily by the _____ nerve.

A) iliohypogastric
B) ilioinguinal
C) phrenic
D) splanchnic
E) mesenteric

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Phrenic. The phrenic nerve is the motor and sensory supply to the diaphragm. The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves supply the skin and musculature of the lower abdominal wall.

Question 2

The epiglottis, which prevents food from entering the airway, is located in the ________.

A) oral cavity
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) duodenum
E) pharynx

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Pharynx. Within the pharynx the air channel divides anteriorly from the food tube behind, and food is prevented from entering the airway by the epiglottis.

Question 3

Which of the following comprise layers of the spermatic cord?

A) External spermatic fascia
B) Cremaster muscle
C) Remnants of the processus vaginalis
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 3

D
Explanation: All of the above. The spermatic cord consists of five layers: (1) external spermatic fascia, (2) cremaster muscle, (3) internal spermatic fascia, (4) loose areolar tissue, and (5) remnants of the processus vaginalis.

Question 4

A large body cavity containing the major portion of the digestive tract and the viscera of the genitourinary system is the _______________.

A) perineum
B) pelvis
C) abdomen
D) thoracic cavity
E) pulmonary system

Question 5

The main function of the diaphragm is ________________________.

A) vocalization
B) respiration
C) esophageal constriction
D) digestion
E) circulation

Question 6

A double-layered fold of peritoneum that joins two viscera is ____________________________.

A) parietal peritoneum
B) visceral peritoneum
C) deep fascia
D) omentum
E) mesentery

Question 7

The fibromuscular partition that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity is the __________________________.

A) diaphragm
B) lung
C) esophagus
D) stomach
E) trachea

Question 8

Which vein carrying nutrients from the gut enters the liver and ends as a capillary bed?

A) Hepatic
B) Phrenic
C) Portal
D) Sacral
E) Lumbar

Question 9

A double-layered fold of peritoneum that suspends some abdominal organs from the posterior body wall and allows some degree of movement in the gut is ______________.

A) parietal peritoneum
B) visceral peritoneum
C) deep fascia
D) omentum
E) mesentery

Question 10

The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and the posterior body wall by the ___________.

A) greater and lesser mesentery
B) greater and lesser omentum
C) parietal peritoneum
D) coronary ligament
E) visceral peritoneum

Question 11

Which two veins unite at vertebral level L5 to form the inferior vena cava?

A) Right and left common iliac veins
B) Right and left testicular or ovarian veins
C) Greater and lesser lumbar veins
D) Right and left sacral veins
E) Superior and inferior phrenic veins

Question 12

The abdominal cavity is lined by a single layer of squamous cell mesothelium termed the ___________.

A) pleura
B) peritoneum
C) perineal membrane
D) transversalis fascia
E) deep fascia

Question 13

Arterial blood supply to the stomach is derived primarily from the ____________ of the aorta.

A) superior mesenteric artery
B) left colic artery
C) ileocolic artery
D) branches of celiac trunk
E) inferior phrenic artery

Question 14

Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia are two layers of the ________ fascia of the abdominal wall.

A) deep
B) superficial
C) transversalis
D) peritoneal
E) muscular

Question 15

The three flat abdominal muscles exhibit broad tendons, or ____________.

A) membranous sheaths
B) fasciae
C) aponeuroses
D) gubernacula
E) quadrants

Question 16

The levator ani muscles form the floor of the abdominopelvic cavity and the roof of the __________, the most inferior aspect of the trunk.

A) diaphragm
B) stomach
C) genitourinary tract
D) spleen
E) perineum

Question 17

The stomach is located in the _________ of the abdomen, with its proximal end immediately below the left dome of the diaphragm.

A) upper-right quadrant
B) upper-left quadrant
C) direct center
D) lower-right quadrant
E) lower-left quadrant

Question 18

At approximately age 16, the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones fuse together to form the _______________.

A) collarbone
B) shoulder girdle
C) pelvis
D) os coxae
E) coccyx

Question 19

The innermost of the three flat muscles in the abdomen that originates from the lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and lower costal cartilages is the _________________.

A) external oblique
B) internal oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) rectus abdominis
E) cremaster

Question 20

The duodenum is the first section of the ___________.

A) large intestine
B) small intestine
C) bowel
D) stomach
E) esophagus

Question 21

Bile is stored and concentrated in the _________.

A) kidneys
B) gallbladder
C) large intestine
D) pancreas
E) small intestine

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) Production of leukocytes
B) Production of bile
C) Storage of vitamin A
D) Storage of blood
E) Transformation of glucose to glycogen

Question 23

Which of the following is produced by connective tissue mast cells of the liver and mast cells throughout the connective tissues of the body?

A) Heparin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Prothrombin
D) Bile
E) Accelerator globulin

Question 24

Circumcision of a male is the surgical removal of the __________________________.

A) glans
B) penis
C) bulb of the penis
D) prepuce
E) crus

Question 25

Enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver are added to ingested food in the ____________.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) bowel
D) duodenum
E) large intestine

Question 26

The __________ is a primary component of absorption. It contains circular folds (plicae circulares) and villi that aid in digestion. Each villus contains a central lymphatic capillary, or lacteal, which absorbs fats.

A) small intestine
B) large intestine
C) duodenum
D) stomach
E) bowel

Question 27

An equilateral triangle known as the trigone of the bladder is formed by the _____________.

A) two openings of the ureters and the opening of the urethra
B) ureters and the prostate gland
C) right and left kidneys and the bladder
D) bladder and the cervix of the uterus
E) none of the above

Question 28

The ________ is the basic functional unit of the kidney.

A) glomerulus
B) collecting tubule
C) medulla
D) nephron
E) medullary ray

Question 29

The liver is supplied with oxygenated blood by the ________________________.

A) portal vein
B) hepatic artery
C) gastric artery
D) inferior vena cava
E) superior mesenteric artery

Question 30

_________ in the form of ferritin is stored in the liver.

A) Copper
B) Phosphorus
C) Vitamin C
D) Potassium
E) Iron

Question 31

The site of entrance of the hepatic arteries and portal vein into the liver is the ____________.

A) hepatic duct
B) diaphragmatic surface
C) porta hepatis
D) ligamentum teres
E) ligamentum venosum

Question 32

The __________ is a muscular tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

A) medullary ray
B) major and minor calyces
C) ureter
D) collecting tubule
E) urethra

Question 33

The ________ consists of two glands in one-the exocrine and endocrine portions.

A) liver
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) spleen
E) pancreas

Question 34

Islets of Langerhans are a cluster of cells in the pancreas that produce ____________________.

A) insulin
B) bile
C) phagocytic cells
D) ferritin
E) fibrinogen

Question 35

Which organ has the following functions: storage of blood, production of lymphocytes, and filtering debris from blood?

A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Spleen
D) Bile duct
E) Kidney

Question 36

Blood supply to the kidney is provided by the _____________________.

A) hepatic artery
B) splenic artery
C) aorta
D) renal artery
E) mesenteric artery

Question 37

The liver is located in the _________ quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

A) lower-left
B) lower-right
C) upper-left
D) upper-right
E) central

Question 38

What is/are the main functions of the spleen?

A) Storage of blood
B) Production of bile
C) Production of lymphocytes
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 39

The common bile duct joins with the pancreatic duct distally to form a common chamber called the __________.

A) colon
B) pancreas
C) ampulla
D) ileum
E) jejunum

Question 40

The medulla of the suprarenal gland secretes ___________________________.

A) sex hormones
B) cortisone
C) bile
D) semen
E) epinephrine

Question 41

In the female, the homologue of the male penis is the _________________.

A) vagina
B) clitoris
C) uterus
D) labia minora
E) labia majora

Question 42

Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the _________________.

A) uterine tube
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) ovary
E) urethra

Question 43

Which of the following is not part of the female genital system?

A) Uterine tubes
B) Ovaries
C) Vagina
D) Epididymis
E) Uterus

Question 44

In a vasectomy, the ______ is sectioned and ligated, resulting in sterility but not impotency.

A) prostate gland
B) testes
C) ductus deferens
D) epididymis
E) urethra

Question 45

The component of the female genital system that is a specialized layer of mucous membrane that proliferates to form a thick lining to coincide with ovulation is the _________________.

A) myometrium
B) serous coat
C) uterine tube
D) endometrium
E) labia majora

Question 46

A/An ________ is a hollow, muscular tube that extends from the area approximating the ovary to the lumen of the uterus.

A) vagina
B) uterine tube
C) infundibulum
D) fimbria
E) labia minora