Deck 3: The Organic Molecules of Life

Question 1

Wood and paper are composed of

A) chitin.
B) cellulose.
C) glycogen.
D) cholesterol.
E) lipid.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA?

A) nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose, phosphate
B) sulfur-containing base, ribose, phosphate
C) nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate
D) nitrogen-containing base, ribose, sulfur
E) amino acid, glycerol, nitrogen-containing base

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Select the incorrect association.

A) glucose - monosaccharide
B) cellulose - building block for cell walls in plants
C) sucrose - table sugar
D) fructose - a polysaccharide
E) starch - a long chain of glucose molecules

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Select the correct association.

A) carbohydrates-serve to insulate, protect, and store energy
B) lipids-contain the codes used to construct proteins
C) proteins-have three forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
D) nucleic acids-provide the body with energy
E) carbohydrates-include glucose, sucrose, and starch

Question 5

A saturated fat has

A) no double bonds.
B) more than one double bond.
C) only one double bond.
D) many omega-3 fatty acids.
E) long protein chains.

Question 6

Which of the following is a hydrolysis reaction?

A) amino acids forming proteins
B) glycogen forming glucose molecules
C) nucleotides forming DNA
D) glucose units forming starch
E) fatty acids and glycerol forming a fat

Question 7

Which word should be categorized separately from the others?

A) fats
B) steroids
C) glycogen
D) phospholipids
E) lipids

Question 8

Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?

A) peptide - amino acid - polypeptide
B) amino acid - polypeptide - peptide
C) amino acid - peptide - polypeptide
D) protein - glycerol - amino acid
E) disaccharide - polysaccharide - monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following terms should be categorized separately from the others?

A) muscle
B) antibodies
C) sucrose
D) enzymes
E) hair

Question 10

A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

A) hydrolysis reaction.
B) dehydration synthesis reaction.
C) polymeric reaction.
D) digestive reaction.
E) evaporation reaction.

Question 11

A polypeptide forms a beta pleated sheet or an alpha helix as its primary structure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about proteins?

A) The three dimensional shape of a protein is a result of its secondary structure.
B) Denaturation restores proteins' shape and function.
C) Proteins are used to produce DNA.
D) Proteins are monomers and they are built from amino acid polymers.
E) Proteins are used to produce many types of hormones.

Question 13

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

A) two monosaccharides.
B) a polypeptide.
C) three monosaccharides.
D) two glycerol units.
E) the formation of a polysaccharide.

Question 14

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

A) all proteins.
B) lipids.
C) DNA.
D) glycogen.
E) RNA.

Question 15

When starch is digested, water molecules are used to break the bonds holding the monosaccharide subunits together.

Question 16

Testosterone is a lipid-based hormone; insulin is a ________-based hormone.

A) saccharide
B) protein
C) steroid
D) carbohydrate
E) nucleic acid

Question 17

In sickle-cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by only one error in the genetic code for hemoglobin.

Question 18

Scientists created an enzyme that will break down any type of carbohydrate. If given to humans, which of the following could be used as a new food source?

A) glucose
B) glycerol
C) cellulose
D) cholesterol
E) protein

Question 19

A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of

A) amino acids.
B) glucose molecules.
C) fatty acids used in a fat.
D) sugars.
E) functional groups.

Question 20

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

A) Parts X and Z are hydrophobic.
B) Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
C) Parts X and Y are hydrophilic.
D) Parts W and Y are hydrophobic.
E) Parts W and X are hydrophilic.

Question 21

Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

A) CaCO ₃
B) C­ ₆H ₁₂O ₆
C) C ₂₅₆H ₃₈₁N ₆₅O ₇₉S ₆
D) C ₁₈H ₃₄O ₂
E) CH ₄

Question 22

When a person orders a cheeseburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a true statement about the nutritional intake?

A) Amino acids can be obtained from the hamburger patty.
B) Glycogen will be obtained from the cheese.
C) Fat will be consumed from the lettuce and tomato.
D) Cellulose will be consumed from the mayonnaise.
E) Carbohydrates and cellulose will be obtained from the hamburger patty.

Question 23

When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least amount of digestion?

A) dressing
B) croutons
C) lettuce
D) egg
E) bacon bits

Question 24

A starch molecule is to glucose as

A) a protein is to a polypeptide.
B) DNA is to an amino acid.
C) a lipid is to nucleic acid.
D) a protein is to an amino acid.
E) fatty acid is to a fat.

Question 25

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides.
B) proteins, DNA, waxes, and sugars.
C) carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
D) RNA, DNA, steroids, and fats.
E) lipids, starches, DNA, and protein.

Question 26

Which of the following elements are found in glucose?

A) C, H
B) C, H, O
C) C, H, O, P
D) C, H, O, N
E) C, H, Cl, O

Question 27

How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?

A) They are not seen in all living things.
B) They do not have carbon.
C) They are much more complex.
D) They will not combine with water.
E) They are not organic.

Question 28

The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.

A) glycogen; hydrolysis
B) DNA; dehydration synthesis
C) protein; hydrolysis
D) fat; dehydration synthesis
E) polysaccharide; hydrolysis

Question 29

Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.

A) simple sugar; amino acids
B) peptide; amino acids
C) polymer; glucose molecules
D) protein; fatty acids
E) nucleic acid; nucleotides

Question 30

Plants store their sugar in the form of

A) protein.
B) glycogen.
C) cellulose.
D) starch.
E) glucose.

Question 31

Humans store glucose in the form of

A) lactose.
B) starch.
C) glycogen.
D) glucose.
E) cellulose.

Question 32

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

A) CO­ ₂
B) C ₆H1 ₂O ₆
C) NaCl
D) CaCl ₂
E) H ₂O

Question 33

The following figure represents which process?

A) dehydration synthesis
B) denaturation
C) polyunsaturation
D) hydrolysis
E) combustion

Question 34

What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?

A) They taste better than other fats.
B) They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.
C) Individuals tend to consume more saturated fats than unsaturated fats.
D) Unsaturated fats are found in processed foods more frequently.
E) They are digested more quickly by the body.

Question 35

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

A) dehydrated.
B) hydrophobic.
C) saturated.
D) hydrophilic.
E) salty.

Question 36

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

A) monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
B) polymers are broken up to form monomers; added
C) monomers are broken up to form polymers; added
D) polymers are joined to form monomers; removed
E) polymers are broken up to form monomers; removed

Question 37

Which one of the following is a main function of proteins?

A) energy storage
B) enzymatic activity
C) genetic coding
D) energy source
E) insulation

Question 38

The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?

A) nucleotides
B) triglyercides
C) monosaccharides
D) bases
E) amino acids

Question 39

Amino acids are needed to build ________,just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

A) proteins; nucleotides
B) fatty acids; amino acids
C) polysaccharides; monosaccharides
D) RNA; amino acids
E) triglycerides; nucleotides

Question 40

The principle role for sugars in living things is to

A) form cell membranes.
B) serve as a form of long-term energy storage.
C) create our genetic code.
D) serve as a form of immediate cellularenergy.
E) produce hormones.

Question 41

Steroid are classified as

A) proteins.
B) lipids.
C) carbohydrates.
D) nucleic acids.
E) fats.

Question 42

Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

A) C ₁₂H ₉SO ₃H
B) C ₉H ₁₃NO ₃
C) C ₁₀H ₁₃N ₅O ₄
D) H ₂NCH ₂CN
E) COCl ₂

Question 43

Which of the following is a feature that proteins and polysaccharides share?

A) They are made of repeated monomer units.
B) They are both made from fatty acids.
C) They both contain glucose.
D) They are both long chains of repeated nucleotide units.
E) They both contain phosphorus.

Question 44

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

A) double bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) carbon and hydrogen atoms.
D) carbon and oxygen atoms.
E) two or more atoms.

Question 45

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)

A) quaternary structure.
B) polymer.
C) monomer.
D) isomer.
E) chain.

Question 46

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

A) NaOH
B) HCl
C) CO ₂
D) C ₄₃H ₆₄O ₄
E) H ₂O

Question 47

What functional group makes a carbohydrate hydrophilic?

A) -OH
B) -NH ₂
C) -SH
D) -R
E) -C-H

Question 48

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

A) CO ₂
B) H ₂CO ₃
C) Na ₂CO ₃
D) MnCO ₃
E) CaCO ₃

Question 49

What is the function ofa peptide bond?

A) joins a sodium atom to a chloride atom
B) helps hold one water molecule to an adjacent one
C) links oxygen to hydrogen atoms
D) joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
E) joins nucleotide bases to one another

Question 50

Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) the folded shape of the protein

Question 51

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms that

A) are organic.
B) make the entire molecule hydrophobic.
C) prevent interaction with other molecules.
D) help determine the chemical properties of an organic molecule.
E) make the entire molecule hydrophilic.

Question 52

Which one of the following is a potential danger of anabolic steroids?

A) liver problems
B) psychological disorders
C) male breast development
D) heart problems
E) All of the above answers are problems associated with anabolic steroids.

Question 53

How does DNA differ from RNA?

A) DNA is in plants; RNA is found in animals.
B) DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.
C) DNA is made from amino acids; RNA is made from nucleotides.
D) DNA is used by all living things; RNA is used only in plants.
E) DNA is seen in animals; RNA is seen in all living things.

Question 54

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?

A) fatty acid - DNA
B) monosaccharide - lipid
C) glycerol - carbohydrate
D) amino acid - protein
E) nucleotide - carbohydrate

Question 55

A fatty acid that has double bonds is called

A) steroid.
B) cholesterol.
C) unsaturated.
D) abonded.
E) organic.

Question 56

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

A) fatty acids joined to glycerol by hydrolysis reactions
B) glucose molecules joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
C) nucleotides broken by hydrolysis reactions
D) amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
E) a repeated sequence of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 57

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

A) interactions among two or more polypeptides.
B) alpha helix or pleated sheets.
C) side groups of the amino acids.
D) number and sequence of amino acids.
E) DNA nucleotide sequence that coded for it.

Question 58

In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain

A) nitrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) hydrogen.
D) sulfur.
E) phosphorous.

Question 59

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

A) a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a five-carbon sugar
B) a nitrogen-containing base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group
C) a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
D) a nitrogen-containing base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid
E) a long chain of glucose units

Question 60

Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?

A) -PO ₄
B) -OH
C) -NH ₂
D) -C=O
E) -CH ₃

Question 61

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A) guanine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) adenine
E) uracil

Question 62

DNA and RNA differ in that

A) DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is double-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
B) DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
C) DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.
D) DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil;RNA is double-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine.
E) DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.

Question 63

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

A) guanine
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) adenine
E) uracil

Question 64

DNA functions to ________, while RNA's function is to________.

A) store the information to make a new organism; contain the information to make a new cell.
B) store information to produce gametes; contain the information to make a protein.
C) store information to produce proteins; contain the information to make DNA.
D) stores genetic information; aids in the processing of the information within the DNA into proteins.
E) store information to produce a new protein; contain the information to make mRNA.

Question 65

Which functional group is both polar (hydrophilic) and weakly acidic?

A) -OH
B) -NH ₂
C) -SH
D) -COOH
E) -PO ₄