Deck 15: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, energy (E) and mass (m) are related by the following equation: E = mc
where c is the speed of light, or 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Dubnium has an atomic number of 105. When dubnium-262 emits an alpha particle, _____ is the resulting daughter isotope.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

Neptunium has an atomic number of 93. When _____ emits an alpha particle, neptunium-239 is the resulting daughter isotope.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 3

Question 4

Nuclear fusion is the breaking down of large nuclei into smaller nuclei, usually with the release of excess neutrons.

Question 5

An atom has13 neutrons in its nucleus.

Question 6

Only radioactive isotopes have a half-life.

Question 7

Uranium-238 can absorb a neutron and undergo a fission reaction to produce an atom of cesium-135 and an atom of rubidium-96. The balanced nuclear equation for the process is

Question 8

A atom has 5 protons in its nucleus.

Question 9

An alpha particle is a collection of four protons and five neutrons and is equivalent to a beryllium nucleus.

Question 10

The product in the nuclear equation is the daughter isotope.

Question 11

Polonium has an atomic number of 84. When polonium-209 emits an alpha particle, the resulting daughter isotope is _____.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 12

An isotope with a longer half-life is generally considered more radioactive.

Question 13

The reactant in the nuclear equation is the parent isotope.

Question 14

Francium has an atomic number of 87. Which of the following is the nuclear equation that represents the radioactive decay of francium-223 by alpha particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 15

A beta particle is a neutron emitted from the nucleus.

Question 16

Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation given off in radioactive decay.

Question 17

Complete the reaction.

A) 230
B) 231
C) 232
D) 233
E) 234

Question 18

Actinium has an atomic number of 89. When _____ emits an alpha particle, actinium-227 is the resulting daughter isotope.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 19

Alpha particles penetrate more than beta particles.

Question 20

A chain reaction is a process that generates more reaction pathways for each previous reaction.

Question 21

A sample of curium has an activity of 2,450 Bq. If the half-life of curium is 24.0 s, how long before its activity is 25.0 Bq?

A) 591 s
B) 195 s
C) 159 s
D) 951 s
E) 915 s

Question 22

The half-life of a radioactive sample is 11.0 s. If the sample initially contains 25.0 g of the radioactive sample, how much remains after 54.0 s?

A) 0.00338 g
B) 0.0338 g
C) 0.833 g
D) 0.383 g
E) 0.338 g

Question 23

Radium has an atomic number of 88. Radium-226 is the daughter isotope formed when _____ emits a beta particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 24

A sample of radon has an activity of 90,000 Bq. If the half-life of radon is 15 h, how long before the sample's activity is 5,625 Bq?

A) 60 h
B) 90 h
C) 15 h
D) 30 h
E) 45 h

Question 25

Radium has an atomic number of 88. _____is the daughter isotope formed when radium-226 emits a beta particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

Lawrencium has an atomic number of 103. _____is the daughter isotope formed when lawrencium-262 emits a beta particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

A sample of radon gas has an activity of 140.0 mCi. If the half-life of radon is 1,500.0 y, how long before the activity of the sample is 10.0 mCi?

A) 1,750 y
B) 1,510 y
C) 7,510 y
D) 5,170 y
E) 5,710 y

Question 28

If the half-life of tritium (hydrogen-3) is 12.3 y, how much of a 0.0666 g sample of tritium is present after 50.0 y?

A) 8.93*10^-3 g
B) 9.83 * 10^-3 g
C) 3.98 * 10^-3 g
D) 8.39 * 10^-3 g
E) 8.93 *10³ g

Question 29

How long does it take for 5.05 g of a radioactive isotope to decay to 0.0505 g if its half-life is 20,000 y?

A) 205,000 y
B) 505,000 y
C) 313,000 y
D) 331,000 y
E) 133,000 y

Question 30

The half-life of a radioactive sample is 60.0 y. If the sample weighs 0.893 g initially, how much remains after 420.0 y?

A) 0.00698 g
B) 0.00968 g
C) 0.00986 g
D) 0.00689 g
E) 0.00896 g

Question 31

Energies of gamma rays are typically expressed in units of megaelectron volts (MeV), where 1 MeV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹³ J. Energies of gamma rays emitted when nitrogen-11 gives off a beta particle is 1.508 × 10^-12 J. What is its energy in MeV?

A) 9.14 MeV
B) 4.19 MeV
C) 9.41 MeV
D) 1.49 MeV
E) 4.91 MeV

Question 32

Complete the following reaction.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

Uranium has an atomic number of 92. Uranium-238 is the daughter isotope formed when _____ emits a beta particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 34

_____ = 3.7 * 10¹⁰ decays/s

A) 1 rad
B) 1 rem
C) 1 Ci
D) 1 cal
E) 1 coulomb

Question 35

A sample of radon has an activity of 80,000 Bq. If the half-life of radon is 15 h, how long before the sample's activity is 5,000 Bq?

A) 10 h
B) 20 h
C) 45 h
D) 30 h
E) 60 h

Question 36

Energies of gamma rays are typically expressed in units of megaelectron volts (MeV), where 1 MeV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹³ J. Energies of gamma rays emitted when oxygen-13 gives off a beta particle is 0.168 MeV. What is its energy in joules?

A) 6.29 × 10^-12J
B) 5.01 × 10¹²J
C) 1.05 × 10^-12J
D) 0.51 × 10¹⁴ J
E) 2.69 × 10 ^-14 J

Question 37

The half-life of carbon-11 is 20.3 min. If 5.00 g of carbon-11 is left in the sample after 59.3 min, what mass of carbon-11 was present initially?

A) 93.7 g
B) 79.3 g
C) 73.9 g
D) 37.9 g
E) 39.7 g

Question 38

A sample containing carbon-14 contains 5.30 × 10⁻⁶ g of carbon-14 in it. If the age of the sample is 15,800 y, how much carbon-14 did it have originally? The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 y.

A) 3.58 * 10^-6 g
B) 3.58 * 10^-5 g
C) 3.58 * 10^-4 g
D) 8.53 *10^-5 g
E) 8.53 * 10^-4 g

Question 39

How long does it take for 10.0 g of a radioactive isotope to decay to 1.25 g if its half-life is 17.0 d?

A) 15.0 d
B) 51.0 d
C) 17.0 d
D) 71.0 d
E) 30.0 d

Question 40

The half-life of americium-241 is 432 y. If 2.00 g of americium-241 is present in a sample, what mass of americium-241 is present after 1,000.0 y?

A) 0.0402 g
B) 0.0204 g
C) 0.204 g
D) 0.402 g
E) 0.420 g

Question 41

Complete the following reaction.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
E) 3

Question 42

After chemical analysis, a radioactive sample is found to contain 2 g of uranium to every 5 g of thorium, its daughter isotope. If the half-life of uranium is 68.9 y, approximately how old is the sample?

A) 70.0 y
B) 83.7 y
C) 111 y
D) 165 y
E) 125 y

Question 43

What is the energy change of this fission reaction? Masses in grams are provided.

A) 1.087 * 10¹⁴ J
B) 1.043 * 10¹⁴ J
C) 1.910 * 10¹⁴ J
D) 1.071 F* 10¹⁴ J
E) 1.926 * 10¹⁴ J

Question 44

Determine the change in mass for the reaction below. Masses in grams are provided.

A) -0.2050 g
B) -0.0439 g
C) -0.9170 g
D) -0.9132 g
E) -0.0087 g

Question 45

Determine the energy change for the reaction below. Masses in grams are provided.

A) 1.044 * 10¹³ J
B) 1.845 * 10¹³ J
C) 1.009 * 10¹³ J
D) 1.917 * 10¹³ J
E) 1.005 * 10¹³ J

Question 46

Describe beta particle emission.

Question 47

Describe alpha particle emission.

Question 48

After chemical analysis, a radioactive sample is found to contain 1.00 g of francium to every 2.50 g of astatine, its daughter isotope. If the half-life of francium is 4.18 min, approximately how old is the sample?

A) 7.65 min
B) 7.56 min
C) 5.67 min
D) 5.76 min
E) 6.57 min

Question 49

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 28.1 y. If 98.0 Bq of the sample were allowed to decay for 27.0 y, what would the activity of the remaining sample be?

A) 53.7 Bq
B) 537 Bq
C) 0.735 Bq
D) 7.35 Bq
E) 50.4 Bq

Question 50

If a radioactive sample has an activity of 65.0 nCi, how many disintegrations per second are occurring?

A) 1,240 disintegrations/s
B) 2,140 disintegrations/s
C) 2,410 disintegrations/s
D) 1,242 disintegrations/s
E) 1,420 disintegrations/s

Question 51

Determine the change in mass for the reaction below. Masses in grams are provided.

A) -0.0087 g
B) -1.0087 g
C) -1.1897 g
D) -0.0439 g
E) -0.9262 g

Question 52

Complete the following reaction.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
E) 3

Question 53

A typical dose of a radioactive sample is 27.0 mCi. How long does it take for the activity to reduce to 0.100 mCi? The half-life of the sample is 211,000 y.

A) 0.17 * 10⁵ y
B) 0.17 * 10⁶ y
C) 1.70 * 10⁵ y
D) 1.70 *10⁴ y
E) 1.70 *10⁶ y

Question 54

Define radioactivity.

Question 55

How long does it take 200.0 mCi of a radioactive sample to decay to 20.0 mCi if its half-life is 11.0 s?

A) 25.4 s
B) 5.36 s
C) 36.5 s
D) 53.6 s
E) 73.0 s

Question 56

Complete the following reaction.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 4
D) 2
E) 3

Question 57

For every mole of radioactive sample that decays, 0.2002 g of mass is lost. How much energy is given off per mole of radioactive sample reacted?

A) 1.028* 10¹³ J
B) 1.208 * 10¹³ J
C) 1.802 * 10¹³ J
D) 2.810 * 10¹³ J
E) 2.180 *10¹³ J

Question 58

For every mole of a radioactive sample that decays, 0.1560 g of mass is lost. How much energy is given off per mole of radioactive sample reacted?

A) 1.04 * 10¹³ J
B) 4.01 * 10¹³ J
C) 4.10 *10¹³ J
D) 0.14 *10¹³ J
E) 1.40 * 10¹³ J

Question 59

A sample of fluorine-20 has an activity of 5.94 mCi. If its half-life is 11.0 s, what is its activity after 55.0 s?

A) 0.816 mCi
B) 0.861 mCi
C) 0.168 mCi
D) 0.186 mCi
E) 0.618 mCi

Question 60

If a radioactive sample has an activity of 8.33 Bq, how many disintegrations per second are occurring?

A) 8.33 disintegrations/s
B) 4.16 disintegrations/s
C) 3.38 disintegrations/s
D) 30.8 disintegrations/s
E) 33.8 disintegrations/s

Question 61

Give the various expressions used to determine the final amount remaining in a radioactive sample.

Question 62

_____ = 3.7 * 10¹⁰ decays/s

Question 63

Who is the curie named after? Who is the becquerel named after?

Question 64

Three forms of radioactive emissions are ___________ particle, _____________
particle and ________________ rays.

Question 65

A(n) _____ is a chemical equation that emphasizes changes in atomic nuclei.

Question 66

Define nuclear fission.

Question 67

________________ discovered natural radioactivity from uranium ores.

Question 68

rem = _____ * factor

Question 69

Define 1 rad.

Question 70

________________ can penetrate deeply into matter and can impart large amounts
of energy into surrounding matter.

Question 71

Explain how a Geiger counter works to detect radiation.

Question 72

Define 1 becquerel (Bq).

Question 73

Define 1 rem.

Question 74

The breaking apart of an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei is called _____.

Question 75

Describe gamma ray emission.

Question 76

Define 1 curie (Ci).

Question 77

Which is more radioactive-an isotope with a long half-life or an isotope with a short half-life?

Question 78

Explain why the amount left in a radioactive sample after 1,000.0 y is not one-tenth of the amount present after 100.0 y, despite the fact that the amount of time elapsed is 10 times as long.

Question 79

_____= 100 rad

Question 80

Plutonium-239 emits alpha particles and is hazardous when inhaled or ingested. What new element is formed by this alpha emission?