Deck 6: Crime and Criminal Justice: Dilemmas of Social Control

Question 1

Crime is crime.It is only conducted by certain types of people.A general policy such as 3 strikes law should reduce the crime rate.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Deterrence is the discouragement of the crime by imposing prohibitive costs on criminalities.Research shows that _____________ is more conducive to reducing crime.

A)Increasing the security of the punishment
B)High police visibility
C)Monitoring activities through the use of ankle bracelet
D)High probability and swift execution of punishment

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The number of actual crimes in the U.S.:

A)is shown by victimization surveys to be more than twice the rate of reported crimes
B)has not really increased over the years
C)is overstated by the Uniform Crime Reports
D)is accurately reflected by the Uniform Crime Reports

Answer 3

A

Question 4

James Q.Wilson persuasively argued that what is called crime in the streets has a more negative impact on America's sense of community.The reasons for this are

A)Downtown businesses fail to prosper because people don't feel safe in those areas
B)Fear of street crimes causes people stay home and eat more
C)Fear of street crime alters one lifestyle and patterns of interaction
D)A& C only
E)A, B, & C

Question 5

Conservatives tend to attribute criminal behavior to _____________

A)Free personal choices
B)Poverty
C)Racism
D)Sociological circumstances

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The crime rate rose sharply in the 1960s and 1970s, fluctuated in the 1980s, and declined during the 1990s.
B)The U.S.has one of the lowest murder rates in the democratic world.
C)Crimes such as armed robbery and rape increased substantially in the 1990s.
D)None of the above

Question 7

Democracies must respect people's constitutional rights,not take into account public attitudes toward dealing with crime

Question 8

Racial profiling is limited to being just an African-American issue.

Question 9

The rights of the accuser are the rights of the innocent.These rights require the judicial system to proceed according to the rules of evidence.These rules prevents people from being convicted on the basis of all of the following,except for

A)Cell phone video
B)Emotional prejudice
C)Hearsay
D)Other non-objective factors

Question 10

The proportion of crime that is reported and recorded in the crime index increased because of:

A)Improved computing equipment and internet access
B)Improved treatment of rape victims and women police officers
C)More money for reporting crimes and America's Most Wanted television show
D)Accuracy and completeness of crime data and more property insured, requiring police reports

Question 11

Policymakers trying to control crime run into the dilemma of

A)controlling crime without violating people rights
B)overzealous law makers
C)weakening public confidence in our justice system
D)All of the above
E)A & C only

Question 12

Race is an issue connected to crime and the criminal justice system.The following statistics are true except for

A)28.1% of persons arrested for serious crime are African American
B)The arrest percentage for African Americans remains unchanged since 1996
C)There is no racial bias in the dispensing of justice
D)More than 50% of all murder victims were African American

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)The socio-economic causes of crime focus on the background causes of crime such as income inequality.
B)White citizens are arrested in higher proportions than other citizens.
C)There is a culture of increasing violence among young males.
D)Guns make most crimes easier and more violent.

Question 14

Which demographic category has NOT impacted crime statistics?

A)Baby Boomers
B)Divorce Rates
C)Juveniles
D)Legalized abortions

Question 15

White collar criminals often get away with their crimes because

A)They are white
B)They are rich
C)It is difficult to distinguish bad intent from bad judgment
D)Many individuals are involved

Question 16

What is the purpose of the FBI's Uniform Crime Report?

A)To deter crime against property and people.
B)To encourage citizens to report crimes.
C)To explain, predict, and deter crimes that are committed on the streets, as well as in businesses.
D)To serve as an index to the number of crimes committed.

Question 17

Street crime negatively impacts the sense of community by creating fear and causing

A)One to alter life style and patterns of interaction
B)People to not feel free to walk the streets
C)People to become prisoners in their home
D)Downtown businesses fail due to the lack of customers who feel safe in the area
E)All of the above

Question 18

The Crime Index refers to the number of crimes per 100,000 population for the following crime categories except for:

A)Murder & manslaughter
B)Burglary
C)Jay-walking and littering
D)Auto-theft

Question 19

The overall percentage of regular drug usage for persons age 12 years and older has remained at ____ percent since 2002.

A)25
B)8
C)8.3
D)<1

Question 20

White collar crime is not included in the crime index although it cost _____ times the value of property lost through street crime.

A)two
B)ten
C)three
D)five

Question 21

There are a number of exceptions to the exclusionary rule which allow police to search places without probable cause or a search warrant.For example:

A)persons crossing at border checkpoints
B)cases of exigent circumstances
C)the entire house of the arrestee
D)b and c
E)a and b

Question 22

Texas,which has the highest rate of execution of all the states,also has the lowest homicide rate.

Question 23

Which amendment constrains the manner of execution?

A)1st
B)8th
C)4th
D)2nd

Question 24

Which court decision gave defendants the right to a state-appointed attorney in felony cases?

A)Nix v.William
B)Mapp v.Ohio
C)Terry v.Ohio
D)Miranda v.Arizona
E)Gideon v.Wainwright

Question 25

The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishments,which constrains the manner of execution.Court approved forms of execution does NOT include:

A)Hanging
B)Lethal Injection
C)Crucifixion
D)Firing Squad

Question 26

National security has been used as the basis by both the Bush & Obama administration to justify the collecting of telephone records of all Americans.

Question 27

Capital Punishment:

A)can be supported on grounds of retribution.
B)has been demonstrated to deter homicide.
C)is immoral and, therefore, unconstitutional.
D)is applied fairly with regard to race.

Question 28

Contrary to expectations,death penalty states have higher mean homicide rates than non-death penalty states.

Question 29

Gideon v.Wainwright involved

A)the exclusionary rule
B)the required warning to suspects of the right to silence
C)the right to counsel
D)capital punishment

Question 30

The Fourth Amendment protects

A)the right to bear arms
B)the right of the accused to a speedy trial
C)citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures
D)free speech
E)none of the above

Question 31

The USA Patriot Act expanded the ability of law enforcement agencies to fight the "War on Terror." Their expanded powers include:

A)detention and deportation of illegal aliens
B)search of telephone and email communications
C)search of medical and financial records
D)all of the above

Question 32

The death penalty in the American context is both swift and certain.

Question 33

The Supreme Court has affirmed that the death penalty serves two legitimate social purposes.

A)deterrence and retribution
B)punishment and safety
C)justice and fairness
D)truth and justice

Question 34

The exclusionary rule had a major exception created by the Supreme Court decision in Nix v.Williams case.It held that

A)the guilty could not be released due to a technicality
B)illegally obtained evidence was admissible if it would have been discovered legally eventually
C)searches carried out in good faith were admissible even if the warrant was later found to be technically illegal
D)evidence staged by the police was admissable even if discovered later

Question 35

The right to counsel for indigent defendant facing felony trial in state courts was due to a Supreme Court decision in the

A)Scottsboro case
B)Gideon v.Wainwright
C)Patriot Act
D)Miranda Case

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true concerning plea bargaining?

A)Innocent people may be persuaded to "cop a plea"
B)The prosecution must satisfy the burden of proof for the more serious charge
C)It is necessitated by the overcrowded state of the criminal justice system
D)It allows many dangerous criminals to escape serious punishment

Question 37

The case of Miranda v.Arizona was based upon the

A)1st Amendment
B)4th Amendment
C)5th Amendment
D)8th Amendment

Question 38

The use of lethal injection to carry out the death sentence has been made difficult because of the European Union's refusal to export the drug needed.This has not resulted in

A)Cancellation of all state and federal executions.
B)The use of private compounding placement
C)Readopting death by firing squad
D)Reinstating the electric chair

Question 39

The only other democratic industrialized nation to carry out executions besides the United States is

A)Great Britain
B)South Africa
C)Japan
D)Germany

Question 40

The Bill of Rights was originally written

A)The French
B)Liberals and Socialists
C)To limit the national government criminal law & procedures
D)Help give women the right to vote

Question 41

____________ is a process by which a convicted inmate is released from prison before serving the full length of their sentence.

A)Parole
B)Probation
C)Recidivism
D)Mandatory sentencing
E)Rehabilitation

Question 42

•What are the two rationales for punishment of crime? What makes punishment of crime effective?
•Some victimless crimes are immune to the threat of punishment as a deterrent.What type of crimes are these and why do you think this is the case? How does this impact street crime,particularly property crime?
•The drugs used in death penalty lethal injections have become impossible to obtain,so states have begun using untested concoctions,which have resulted in some botched executions.Discuss the potential implication to the use of the death penalty as a result of litigation around the use of these drugs.
•Discuss why white collar crimes are treated differently than other kinds of crimes.
•With more states adopting "Stand Your Ground" laws and numerous incidents of unarmed citizens being shot and killed,discuss what impact these type of laws will have on the prosecution of gun users,especially those cases involving shooting deaths.
•What impact with the recent changes in the sentencing rules for low level drug offenses have on the incarceration rates? Will there be any changes in the rate of incarceration of ethnic minorities?
•Discuss why would factors such as race,gender or socioeconomic status affect the rate of death penalty sentencing or incarceration rates?
•Several states have recently passed medical marijuana laws.Discuss how these laws may or may not lead to the legalization of marijuana for general use
•Discuss whether the various wars,"Drugs","Terror","Illegal Immigration" and stringent sentencing rules have spawned the prison industry or is the prison industry just a by-product of successful criminal prosecutions.
•Discuss the pros and cons of treating juvenile defendants as adults in criminal cases.

Question 43

Drugs are the number one cause of suicides in the United States.

Question 44

The Crime Bill of 1994 included which of the following provisions?

A)registration of handguns
B)bans the domestic manufacture and sale of certain assault-style weapons
C)federal funding to hire additional local police
D)all of the above
E)(B) and (C) only

Question 45

Factors such as the defendant's race,socioeconomic status,or gender have proven to be better predictors of whether the death penalty will be assigned.

Question 46

Miranda v.Arizona

A)set down the right to counsel in felony trials
B)held that a suspect must be advised of his right to remain silent and that any incriminating evidence can be used in a court
C)is one of the Court's most popular decisions
D)established the exclusionary rule

Question 47

Among the following,the most significant factor in keeping people who commit felonies out of jail is:

A)the exclusionary rule
B)the Miranda rule
C)the fact so few of them are arrested
D)the abolition of capital punishment

Question 48

If a criminal conviction is reversed on constitutional grounds,the defendant

A)is released and declared innocent.
B)may not be retried, because of double jeopardy protections.
C)must serve a portion of his/her original sentence.
D)may be retried consistent with the new ruling.

Question 49

Those against legalizing drugs argue that legalization would lead to

A)an increase in the price of drugs
B)more turf wars among gangs selling drugs
C)drugs being more available, resulting in new users
D)none of the above

Question 50

The term "recidivism" is

A)the rate of crime committed by first term offenders
B)the number of crimes committed in one year, in a particular area, by a particular group
C)concerned with using jail rather than capital punishment as a deterrent to crimes
D)the rate at which crime is committed by people who have been imprisoned for previous crimes

Question 51

Incarceration rates in the United States are:

A)higher than in any other developed country.
B)lower than in any other developed country.
C)about the same as any other developed country.
D)higher among whites but lower among blacks than any other developed country.

Question 52

Forensic science can and has created grave injustice due to

A)Crime scene contamination
B)The science is not clear cut
C)Criminal lab personal lacked proper training
D)Mishandling of DNA and other evidence
E)All of the above

Question 53

The "Brady Law" requires which of the following?

A)a ban on all automatic weapons
B)background check before buying a gun
C)registration of all handguns
D)all of the above

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT method suggested by proponents of drug legalization to reduce the harm of drugs?

A)needle exchange programs
B)methadone
C)proving safe injection rooms
D)decriminalizing possession of small amounts of drugs
E)producing weaker forms of illegal drugs

Question 55

Murder rates in the U.S.are ___________ other modern democratic nations.

A)about the same as
B)slightly higher than
C)about twice as high as
D)about four times higher than

Question 56

The death of Trayvon Martin and other young black males has been attributed to Florida's adoption of the ________________________ law.

A)Carry permit
B)May my day
C)Concealed weapons
D)Stand your ground

Question 57

_________________ required that the police warn suspects of their right to silence.

A)Gregg v.Georgia
B)Mapp v.Ohio
C)Miranda v.Arizona
D)Gideon v.Wainwright

Question 58

Which of the following cases made it mandatory to read a suspect his or her rights before soliciting a confession?

A)Roe v.Wade
B)Gregg v.Georgia
C)Harris v.New York
D)Miranda v.Arizona

Question 59

The exclusionary rule:

A)may discourage future illegal entries and searches
B)only applies to the national government
C)has been used to free thousands of obviously guilty people
D)only protects the guilty and has no effect on stopping illegal searches

Question 60

Prisons in America have the following problem(s):

A)rapid growth and high cost
B)lack of rehabilitation
C)low recidivism rates
D)all of the above
E)(a) and (b) only