Deck 10: Legal and Social Equality: The Struggle against Oppression and Bigotry

Question 1

In U.S.history,which of the following groups experienced substantial discrimination?

A)African Americans
B)Jews
C)Native Americans
D)(A) and (C)
E)All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The Black Codes was a blatant example of the legal denial of equality to African Americans.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The U.S.Navy Seals have been able to keep women from serving because their requirements for meeting

A)Weight standards
B)Upper body strength standards
C)Height standards
D)Dead weight lift standards

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The glass ceiling is defined as the barrier that kept women

A)From moving into management
B)Rising in rank in the military
C)Pigeon-holed into certain types of work
D)Running a Fortune 100 company
E)All of the above

Question 5

Meritocracy is the allocation of social value and status on the basis of performance standards derived from perceived contribution to the public good.

Question 6

In recent history,four African American men have made legitimate runs for the office of the President of the United States.All but one were Democrats.The lone Republican was

A)Jesse Jackson
B)Herman Cain
C)Barack Obama
D)Rev Al Sharpton

Question 7

Racial profiling has been used in the United States by law enforcement officers to question _______________.

A)Arab men
B)Swedish grandmothers
C)Imams
D)African American males

Question 8

Under the Black Codes,African Americans were NOT allowed to

A)receive an education
B)hold a job
C)walk the streets without permission of whites
D)use public restrooms
E)all of the above

Question 9

California Proposition 187,if enforced would have denied public benefits,such as healthcare and education to undocumented immigrants and their children.

Question 10

Nations with distinct subcultures,have one subculture perceived as dominant and the other are subordinate._________________ is an example of such a nation.

A)Belgium
B)Iraq
C)Great Britain
D)Russia

Question 11

Which of the following differences between men and women have the courts allowed?

A)greater property tax exemptions for widows than widowers
B)women need not be required to register with Selective Service
C)women may be excluded from combat roles
D)none of the above
E)all of the above

Question 12

Equality of opportunity refers to rewarding an individual according to his/her

A)performance
B)group membership
C)proportional representation
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 13

Harvard University made several attempts to limit access to Jewish students.Their misguided attempts did not include:

A)Limiting scholarships
B)Geographical boundaries
C)Characteristic "qualifications"
D)Renouncing Israel and pledging allegiance to the U.S.

Question 14

In Brown v.Board of Education

A)Black Americans were permitted to serve on public school boards.
B)the Court said that "all deliberate speed" had run out.
C)the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment did not forbid separation of the races.
D)legally required racial segregation in public education was struck down.

Question 15

Racial profiling was cited in the litigation against which state's law on undocumented immigrants

A)California
B)Arizona
C)Florida
D)All of the above

Question 16

Miscegenation or marriage between faces was only applied to whites and African-Americans.

Question 17

The term "proportional equality" or "result equality" is defined as

A)each group having the same thing.
B)resources proportional on the basis of the social good.
C)resources divided into arbitrary proportions.
D)groups having about the same percentage of resources as their percentage of the population.

Question 18

According Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray,the authors of the controversial book The Bell Curve,highest average IQ scores are found among

A)Whites
B)African-Americans
C)Asian-Americans
D)none of the above

Question 19

Institutional arrangements throughout the Western world serve to minimize social mobility.Which nation does not uses rigorous competitive examination to determine who gets into university?

A)Great Britain
B)France
C)Japan
D)United States

Question 20

Whose interest does it serve to have a flow of cheap labor from Mexico?

A)Car manufacturers
B)Clothing designers
C)Business and farming interests
D)Ethnic restaurants

Question 21

De facto segregation of schools was due to

A)discriminating housing patterns
B)tendency of ethnic groups to live together in the same neighborhoods
C)African American not being allowed to attend white schools
D)white schools being overcrowded

Question 22

Compliance with Title IX of the Educational Amendment of 1972 forbade any educational institution from receiving federal funding to engage in gender discrimination.This resulted in

A)women receiving football scholarships
B)the cancellation of a number of men's minor sports programs
C)the rise in popularity of coed bowling
D)formation of women's wrestling teams

Question 23

Swann v.Charlotte Meckinberg Board of Education

A)determined that busing was ONE method of school integration.
B)determined that busing is not a legitimate method of integration.
C)overturned the case of Plessy v.Ferguson
D)overturned Brown v.Board of Education

Question 24

The comparable worth movement is seeking

A)equal pay for secretaries regardless of gender
B)to have elementary teachers paid the same as gardeners
C)equal pay for different jobs requiring equal levels of skill, training or responsibility
D)for women in traditional male job to be paid the same

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an argument offered by supporters of Affirmative Action policies?

A)It is the only effective remedy for past discrimination
B)It is the best way to move rapidly toward proportional equality
C)It is reverse discrimination
D)It helps to provide effective role models and diversity in higher education

Question 26

The Fourteenth Amendment is concerned with

A)only the legal protection of all U.S.citizens
B)ensuring due process of law to U.S.citizens
C)"freedom of choice" and "opportunity"
D)ensuring equal protection of the laws to all persons
E)ensuring that "affirmative action" plans are promptly implemented

Question 27

The first distinct stage of the civil rights movement was to _____________.

A)attack denials of equality under the law
B)provide equality of opportunity
C)press for proportional equality
D)provide economic assistance to minorities

Question 28

The key goal of the American Civil Rights movement was the concept of proportional equality for social reform.

Question 29

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 dealt with discrimination in:

A)employment
B)voting rights
C)housing
D)public accommodations

Question 30

Separate but equal was the national policy in place everywhere until 1954.Which court ruling was overturned by Brown vs.Board of Education of Topeka?

A)The Morrill Act
B)Civil Rights Cases
C)The Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)Plessy vs.Ferguson

Question 31

Opponents of busing argue

A)that the neighborhood school concept is violated by busing
B)that it causes "white flight"
C)that it has racist assumptions
D)all of the above

Question 32

Female worker income has steadily increased as a percentage of male worker income.

Question 33

DE JURE segregation

A)is the same as DE FACTO segregation
B)refers to neighborhood residential patterns of segregation
C)refers to government supported segregation
D)all of the above

Question 34

The California Civil Rights Initiative passed in 1996 and upheld by the Supreme Court in 1997

A)supports the use of affirmative action in California colleges.
B)extended civil rights protections to homosexuals.
C)outlawed the use of race, ethnicity, and gender preferences in college admissions.
D)extended civil rights protections to the disabled.

Question 35

The Lilly Ledbetter Act of 2009 was enacted to correct what deficiency in law?

A)The right to equal pay for women
B)The right to sue your employer
C)The right to file a claim under the Equal Pay Act whenever you find out about pay inequity
D)The right to work and receive the same pay as a man for the same job

Question 36

The median income of women in the work-force,when compared with the male median,during the last 10 years
A.has remained the same.
B.has increased.
C.has declined.

Question 37

In order for an employer to be guilty of sexual harassment,the employer must have made explicit sexual advances toward the complaining employee.

Question 38

The United States Civil Rights movement experienced several stages of growth.It is currently in it ________.

A)First stage, elimination of segregation
B)Second stage, attempts to get equality of opportunity
C)Third stage, proportional equality
D)All of the above

Question 39

The Augusta National Golf Club began admitting African-Americans members in

A)1954
B)1964
C)1990
D)2012

Question 40

De facto segregation is different from de jure segregation because of

A)discriminatory housing patterns
B)not being caused by public policy or law
C)its historical nature
D)being caused by Jim Crow laws

Question 41

In recent years handicapped groups have become a visible minority with an agenda of demands.

Question 42

Hopwood v.Texas (1996)

A)upheld affirmative action in higher education in Texas.
B)invalidated many affirmative action practices in higher education in Texas.
C)placed the Supreme Court squarely against affirmative action.
D)none of the above

Question 43

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2013.This means that

A)Gays can marry anywhere in the United States
B)All states must recognize gay marriages
C)Marriage is no longer defined as only heterosexual unions at the federal level
D)Heterosexual marriages are endangered

Question 44

The court case Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)approved busing as a strategy,but it proved very unpopular.______________became the preferred strategy to achieve racial balance.

A)new schools
B)sports programs
C)scholarships
D)magnet schools

Question 45

The court case that struck down setting aside a particular percentage of federal contracts for minority-owned businesses was:

A)Wards Cove v.Atonio
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)Adarand Constructors v.Pena
D)none of the above

Question 46

An Oklahoma law was typical of the effort to bar or remove homosexuals from teaching positions.It did NOT criminalize

A)promoting public or private homosexual acts
B)advocating homosexual activities
C)attributes of being a homosexual
D)soliciting homosexual act

Question 47

Lawrence v.Texas

A)overruled Bowers v.Hardwick
B)allowed schools to return to "unitary status"
C)upheld the legality of Texas sodomy laws
D)allowed homosexuals to marry

Question 48

Oklahoma City Board of Education v.Dowell (1991)forced local school districts to continue implementing federal busing orders.

Question 49

The University of Texas Law School became a virtually all-white institution after the Hopwood decision outlawed the use of separate criterion for admission by race.

Question 50

Comments about "legitimate rape" may have caused this Senate candidate the election due to the response to the insensitivity of the remark,

A)Richard Murdock
B)Bill Frisk
C)Elizabeth Dole
D)Todd Akins

Question 51

President Lawrence Summers of Harvard was forced to resign due to his politically incorrect statements position on the

A)the scholarship of African American professor, Cornell West
B)the gender bias of Harvard against women
C)underrepresentation of women in the field of engineering and science
D)(A) and (C) only

Question 52

Which of the following states do NOT allow some form of spousal benefits for gay partners?

A)Washington
B)California
C)Arizona
D)New Mexico
E)New York

Question 53

Segregation in public elementary and high schools in the past ten years has:

A)increased
B)decreased
C)remained the same

Question 54

In 2014,the mayor of ________ was forced to resign,because of numerous charges against him for sexual harassment and hostile workplace.

A)San Diego, CA
B)Portland, Or
C)Chicago, IL
D)Altoona, PA

Question 55

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Boy Scouts in the case,Boy Scouts of America vs.Dale.The court based its decision ,not on homosexuality,but on

A)Freedom of association
B)Dale's lack of qualification
C)Private organizations right to discriminate
D)The Boy Scouts being a religious organization

Question 56

The Supreme Court ruled on two affirmative action cases from the University of Michigan in June 2003.Which of the following is true?

A)The Court avoided the issue of racial preference.
B)The Court's decisions declared racial preference in admissions unconstitutional.
C)The Court's decisions gave support to a limited form of racial preference in admissions.

Question 57

Adarand Constructors v.Pena (1995)

A)upheld Affirmative Action in the construction business.
B)placed the burden of proof on employers to prove that their employment qualifications do not discriminate against minorities.
C)required specific evidence of discrimination to justify set asides of contracts for minority businesses.
D)all of the above

Question 58

It is illegal to discriminate against the handicapped because of the:

A)Civil Rights Act of 1964
B)Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
C)Civil Rights Act of 1965
D)Civil Rights Act of 1968

Question 59

Illegal discrimination is found in employment if tests used for employment,promotion or membership is failed by designated groups unless the job relevance of the test can be proved.

Question 60

The EEOC ruled that ADA covers not just physical disability,but also includes __________.

A)mental disabilities
B)substance abuse
C)transsexuality
D)schizophrenia

Question 61

•Define equality using the three perspectives or dimensions of equality.Define,describe and delineate the main points of each of these dimensions.
•Discuss the reason that women have haven't achieved gender parity in college athletics.What else can be done help reach that goal?
•What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? What was its relation to the Commerce Clause of the Constitution? How did it impact education in America?
•What are the arguments for and against gays serving openly in the military?
•The Supreme Court has ruled that conditions that resulted in the need for the Voting Rights Act of 1964 are no longer in place and that everyone has equal access to voting.Are they correct?
•Discuss how prejudice and discrimination are not only harmful to the victim but also to those who practice them
•Teenager Trayvon Martin was shot and killed while walking home.Was this a case of racial profiling?
•With the election of the first African American president,has the United States gotten over its race issues? Is there any need for continued enforcement of the race laws?
•Professor Henry Louis Gates was arrested at his home by a police officer because he was thought to be breaking into the home.Was this a case of racial profiling? Should Professor Gates have reacted angrily or just accepted that the police officer was "doing his job"?

Question 62

States that have banned race-based school assignment in university admissions does NOT include

A)California
B)Illinois
C)Florida
D)Nebraska

Question 63

Affirmative action is a series of policies or active government efforts to bring valued members of disadvantaged groups in proportion with their percentage in the general population to the workplace or educational institution.

Question 64

Afrocentrism is a movement that goes beyond stressing the roles of black in American History and culture.Proponents claim that _______________.

A)the knowledge of Africa was stolen by Alexander the Great
B)great cultural, philosophical and scientific originated in Africa
C)the knowledge was kept in a library in Egypt
D)none of the above
E)all of the above

Question 65

Critics of affirmative action policy cite the following argument

A)that there's not a perfect correlation between race and other attributes, such as socioeconomic status and the ability to compete
B)only requires applicants be members of the designated group
C)forces organizations and institutions to accept unqualified applicants
D)that the persisting marginal socioeconomic state of the underclass is more a function of their own behavior rather than past social oppression

Question 66

The concept of an "inherently suspect category" means that a legal classification must pass strict judicial and must be justified by a compelling government interest