Deck 11: Law and Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Question 1

Identify which of the following cases established the 'separate but equal' rule.

A) Rex v. Esop 1836
B) Plessy v. Ferguson 1865
C) United States v. Carlisle 1872
D) United States v. Whren 1996

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Identify which modern form of slavery is the closest version of slavery to traditional slavery.

A) religious slavery
B) debt bondage
C) contract slavery
D) chattel slavery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This law regulated opium, morphine, and cocaine and their derivatives.

A) Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhood Act
B) Bill 1070
C) Fair Sentencing Act
D) Harrison Act

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Anti-Drug Abuse Act accomplished which of the following?

A) established separate but equal rule
B) established that aliens entering in the United States are bound by American law
C) established the disproportionate sentences between crack and powder cocaine
D) held Bill 1070 unconstitutional

Question 5

Identify which of the following is true about the relationship between crack and powder cocaine.

A) Sentences for crack and powder cocaine are not identical yet but are more so than in the past.
B) Sentences for crack are 100 times higher than for the same amount of powder cocaine.
C) Sentences are identical.
D) Sentences are multivariate.

Question 6

Identify which of the mass incarceration characteristics focuses on the increase in prison population by the narcotics arrests.

A) warehousing
B) drugs
C) zero tolerance
D) selective incarceration

Question 7

Families giving other members to individuals in order to atone for their sins constitutes which form of modern slavery?

A) debt bondage
B) religious slavery
C) chattel slavery
D) war slavery

Question 8

Identify which of the mass incarceration characteristics focuses on prison issues such as the conditions of super max facilities.

A) warehousing
B) drugs
C) zero tolerance
D) scale

Question 9

Identify which of the following cases established that aliens entering the United States are bound by American law.

A) Rex v. Esop 1836
B) Plessy v. Ferguson 1865
C) United States v. Carlisle 1872
D) United States v. Whren 1996

Question 10

Identify which of the mass incarceration characteristics below focuses on the discretion of judges to sentence defendants based on their individual characteristics?

A) drugs
B) selective incarceration
C) zero tolerance
D) scale

Question 11

Identify which of the following is NOT true about racial profiling.

A) it is the reliance on race as the basis for detaining an individual for investigation or for arrest
B) may occur in a variety of situations
C) it is allowed by the Fourth Amendment
D) includes stop and frisk laws

Question 12

Child soldiers are examples of ______.

A) religious slavery
B) debt bondage
C) war slavery
D) chattel slavery

Question 13

The National Rifle Association proposed ______.

A) stand your ground laws
B) war on drugs laws
C) stop and frisk laws
D) reasonable suspicion laws

Question 14

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of disadvantages of minorities all combined together (race, class, and gender).

A) intersectionality
B) racism
C) construction of race
D) perspective

Question 15

An individual working to pay off a debt is enslaved under ______.

A) debt bondage
B) chattel slavery
C) contract slavery
D) religious slavery

Question 16

Identify which of the following is NOT true about stand your ground laws.

A) do not lower crime
B) lowers crime
C) eliminates the requirement that an individual outside the home is required to exhaust all alternative before resorting to deadly force in self defense
D) authorizes individuals who are lawfully situated to rely on self-defense to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent forcible felony

Question 17

Identify which of the mass incarceration characteristics focuses on the trend that is going to result in one in 15 Americans born in 2001 serving time in prison.

A) scale
B) selective incarceration
C) drugs
D) warehousing

Question 18

Identify which of the following is NOT part of the true cultural defense.

A) The person is a member of an ethnic or religious or other distinct group.
B) The behavior is required by the group's cultural tradition.
C) Individuals are aware and a reasonable person would be aware that the act violated U.S. domestic criminal law.
D) The interest in respecting and recognizing the individual's cultural tradition is outweighed by the social interest in preventing the criminal behavior.

Question 19

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of law as a mechanism for maintaining White dominance.

A) legal equality
B) law and subordination
C) intersectionality
D) construction of race

Question 20

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY posits that race is not something biological.

A) perspective
B) law and subordination
C) racism
D) construction of race

Question 21

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of how existing legal approaches often fail to offer full legal protection to minorities.

A) law and subordination
B) law in context
C) alternative legal analysis
D) essentiality

Question 22

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks about White racial identity as a property right and White privilege.

A) racism
B) property
C) construction of race
D) perspective

Question 23

Identify which of the following established the disproportionate sentences between crack and powder cocaine.

A) Harrison Act of 1914
B) Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
C) Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
D) Fair Sentencing Act of 2010

Question 24

Identify which of the mass incarceration characteristics focuses on the fact that minorities are incarcerated in higher numbers than Whites.

A) scale
B) drugs
C) selective incarceration
D) zero tolerance

Question 25

What was the main accomplishment of the United States v. Carlisle case?

A) it held Bill 1070 unconstitutional
B) established that aliens entering the US are bound by American law
C) established separate but equal rule
D) established the disproportionate sentences between crack and powder cocaine

Question 26

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of the factors that keep African Americans and other minorities in a subordinate status.

A) construction of race
B) intersectionality
C) law in context
D) essentiality

Question 27

Identify which of the following is NOT part of the true cultural defense.

A) The person is a member of an ethnic or religious or other distinct groups.
B) The behavior was required by the group's cultural tradition.
C) They were unaware that a reasonable person would be aware that the act violated U.S. domestic criminal law.
D) Social interest in preventing the criminal behavior is outweighed by the interest in respecting and recognizing the individual's cultural tradition.

Question 28

An individual would be guilty of a hate crime in ALL BUT ONE of the following.

A) injuring someone because of their race
B) injuring someone because of their religion
C) restricting someone's freedom because of their disability
D) restricting reproductive rights to a group member based on religion

Question 29

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of minorities suffering discrimination beyond what is directed at women and the poor.

A) perspective
B) racism
C) intersectionality
D) essentiality

Question 30

The case of Arizona v. United States contended that Bill 1070 was unconstitutional because it ______.

A) discriminated against race
B) discriminated against ethnicity
C) interfered with federal jurisdiction over immigration
D) had the potential to disproportionately target certain groups of the population

Question 31

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY views inequality as an essential feature of American society.

A) perspective
B) law and subordination
C) construction of race
D) racism

Question 32

Mandatory minimum sentences are identified as one of the causes of mass incarceration.

Question 33

Sentences for crack and powder cocaine are identical.

Question 34

Critical Race Theory uses stories to educate readers on the challenges confronting African Americans and other minorities. Identify which of the following themes of CRITICAL RACE THEORY claims this.

A) racism
B) perspective
C) construction of race
D) property

Question 35

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY speaks of law as a mechanism for maintaining White dominance.

A) racism
B) intersectionality
C) law as subordination
D) perspective

Question 36

The United States has 5% of the world population and 25% of the prison population.

Question 37

What was the main accomplishment of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

A) established the 'separate but equal' rule
B) established that aliens entering the United States are bound by American law
C) established the disproportionate sentences between crack and powder cocaine
D) held Bill 1070 unconstitutional

Question 38

There is substantial evidence that Stand Your Ground laws decrease crime.

Question 39

Plessy v. Ferguson held that separate but equal education institutions are constitutional.

Question 40

This theme of CRITICAL RACE THEORY considers the law a tool to maintain White dominance.

A) intersectionality
B) legal equality
C) racism
D) construction of race

Question 41

Cultural Defense is allowed in the United States.

Question 42

Racial profiling is defined as the reliance on race as the basis for detaining an individual for investigation or for arrest.

Question 43

The Fair Sentencing Act reform divided the sentence divide between crack and powder cocaine to a ratio of 18-to-1.

Question 44

Pretext arrests are an example of discriminatory justice.

Question 45

There are several objections to the cultural defense. Outline four of them.

Question 46

The "true cultural defense" would authorize a defendant to raise culture as a complete defense to a criminal charge. This potentially would result in Moua's acquittal. The culture defense would include a four-step process. Summarize the four steps.

Question 47

Several factors have combined to create a low-skill, impoverished, youthful population that is desperate for economic security. Four are detailed in the text. Briefly, a sentence or so each; summarize them.

Question 48

The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhood Act was a complicated and lengthy law. Take one characteristic: Reasonable suspicion, and summarize the main aspects.

Question 49

In the case of United States v. Whren 1996, it was ruled that aliens who enter the United States are bound by American law.

Question 50

The 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 51

The Civil Rights Act authorized federal prosecution of any person who willingly injures, intimidates, or interferes with another person or attempts to do so by force because of other person's race, color, religion, or national origin.

Question 52

Stand your ground law has significantly lowered crime rates.

Question 53

A number of arguments are made in support of recognition of the cultural defense. Select two of these and summarize them.

Question 54

The Plessy Act was the first federal criminal law punishing the nonmedical use of drugs.

Question 55

Sentences for crack used to be 100 times longer than for powder cocaine.