Deck 7: Nutritional Assessment

Question 1

Minimal daily intake of carbohydrates in adults should be

A) 10% to 20% of the daily caloric intake.
B) 20% to 30% of the daily caloric intake.
C) 50% to 60% of the daily caloric intake.
D) 6%0 to 70% of the daily caloric intake.

Answer 1

50% to 60% of the daily caloric intake.

Question 2

Your 16-year-old patient has lost more than 30 pounds in one year and appears slightly emaciated.Her mother suspects that the patient has an eating disorder.As the daughter discusses her diet and her weight loss,you recognize that which of the following statements describes the underlying problem of patients with anorexia nervosa?

A) "I eat three meals a day, but I just can't stand meat and potatoes."
B) "I feel fat and am afraid I will gain weight."
C) "I forget to stop whatever I'm doing and eat something."
D) "I'm just not hungry."

Answer 2

"I feel fat and am afraid I will gain weight."

Question 3

A severe deficiency of carbohydrates may lead to

A) dental caries.
B) electrolyte imbalance.
C) problems with body tissue healing.
D) obesity.

Answer 3

electrolyte imbalance.

Question 4

The benefits of a diet high in fiber include decreasing the risk of developing

A) colon and rectal cancer.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) breast and prostate cancer.
D) skin cancer.

Question 5

Which snack is appropriate for a 2-year-old?

A) banana, crackers
B) celery, carrot sticks
C) half of a hot dog
D) peanuts, popcorn

Question 6

At what age are infants generally able to drink from a cup by themselves?

A) 3 to 4 months
B) 5 to 7 months
C) 8 to 12 months
D) 12 to 14 months

Question 7

When assessing the nutrition of newborn infants,you should obtain information about

A) the frequency and length of feedings or the amount taken at each feeding.
B) problems with food refusal which demonstrates they are in charge.
C) the desire for only certain foods.
D) disliking finger foods they once craved.

Question 8

Symptoms of potassium deficiency include

A) poor tooth development.
B) imbalance in blood pH.
C) irregular heart rhythm.
D) muscle cramps.

Question 9

Finger foods can be introduced into the diet of an infant who is

A) 3 to 4 months old.
B) 5 to 7 months old.
C) 9 to 10 months old.
D) 12 to 14 months old.

Question 10

A patient with an eating disorder denies using any of the compensatory behaviors that individuals with bulimia use to prevent weight gain,such as self-induced vomiting and

A) fad diets.
B) abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
C) weight cycling.
D) refusal to exercise.

Question 11

There are 9 calories in each gram of

A) carbohydrate.
B) fat.
C) protein.
D) fiber.

Question 12

Dehydration resulting in an 8% decrease in body weight is considered to be

A) mild.
B) moderate.
C) severe.
D) life-threatening.

Question 13

A mother tells the nurse that her child is a picky eater.The nurse responds to the mother,telling her that she should be most concerned if the toddler

A) dislikes food that she once craved.
B) puts some of the mother's breath mints in her mouth.
C) eats only crackers and milk for 3 days.
D) refuses to eat a food the older brother dislikes.

Question 14

A child with poorly developing bones and teeth should be assessed for adequate intake and use of vitamin

A) D.
B) K.
C) C.
D) B complex.

Question 15

A patient indicates that she enjoys eating fatty foods,but she wishes to change her diet to help lower her cholesterol levels.You suggest that she

A) use a vegetable oil, such as coconut or palm oil, which will lower her total cholesterol intake.
B) use monosaturated fats, such as olive or canola oil, which will lower the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.
C) decrease intake of vegetable fats and increase intake of animal fats.
D) increase her intake of water when eating fatty foods to improve excretion of wastes.

Question 16

The toxic effects of steroids include

A) cancer of the thyroid.
B) hypertension and testicular atrophy.
C) joint pain.
D) pathological bone fractures.

Question 17

A kilocalorie,also called a calorie,is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of

A) 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade.
B) 1 gram of water 10 degrees centigrade.
C) 1 kilogram of water 1 degree centigrade.
D) the human body 1 degree centigrade.

Question 18

Using the infant feeding guidelines,you would advise a mother of a 4-month-old infant to

A) provide 20 to 24 oz of milk each day.
B) introduce rice cereal first, because it is the least allergenic of the cereals.
C) offer one new food each day and observe for signs of allergic reactions.
D) add sugar to the baby's orange juice.

Question 19

Joint pain,enlargement of the liver,and cessation of menstruation are symptoms of toxicity that occur with excessive amounts of vitamin

A) A.
B) B6.
C) C.
D) K.

Question 20

A common eating behavior of the preschool child is

A) eating one food at a time.
B) having a larger appetite than a toddler.
C) mixing several foods together.
D) trying new foods more willingly than he did as a toddler.

Question 21

Which of the following statements explains why it can be difficult to assess a child's dietary intake?

A) Recall of food consumption is frequently unreliable.
B) Families usually do not understand much about nutrition.
C) The child must be hospitalized to obtain an accurate dietary intake.
D) No systematic assessment tool has been developed.

Question 22

The nurse is working with parents of a 6-month-old baby.Both are extremely neat and have talked about the difficult adjustment the baby has brought to their orderly and scheduled lives.In providing anticipatory guidance,the nurse will talk about what it will be like when the child wants to eat semisolid foods.The nurse's most important focus will be

A) how messy the child will be during feeding time.
B) ways to keep mealtime messes to a minimum.
C) the parents' psychological needs and support of each other during this time.
D) the child's need to increase autonomy and the importance of self-feeding.

Question 23

Which statement tells you that your patient is prone to yo-yo dieting or weight cycling to control her obesity?

A) "I tried the grapefruit diet first, then switched to the Scarsdale diet and lost 5 or 6 pounds."
B) "I try to go walking after breakfast and play tennis or swim after dinner each night, but I don't always make it."
C) "Two years ago, I lost 20 pounds with the Weight Watchers program, and now I'm back in the program trying to lose 30 pounds."
D) "I've tried fasting 1 day a week but found that using the sauna is the best for taking off a couple of pounds."

Question 24

Your patient,who is 6-weeks pregnant,asks you to advise her regarding her nutritional needs during pregnancy.You advise the patient,after determining that she currently weighs 135 lb (ideal body weight,110 lb),that her target pregnancy weight should be

A) 145-149 lb
B) 150-155 lb
C) 156-160 lb
D) 165-170 lb

Question 25

The most appropriate response to a pregnant patient when she reveals that she has developed a craving to eat laundry starch would be

A) "All pregnant women crave something like pickles, watermelon, or chocolate; this craving is harmless and will disappear after the baby is born."
B) "Eating substances other than food can affect your nutrition and increase your risk for anemia."
C) "Many pregnant women experience these cravings, so just keep resisting, try not to worry, and continue eating well-balanced healthy meals."
D) "Some pregnant women crave substances other than food such as dirt, clay, starch, or ice cubes.This craving is harmless, so don't worry about it."

Question 26

Which practice reported by a patient would most likely contribute to the patient's decreased ability to taste and smell?

A) alcohol and tobacco use
B) excessive intake of sweets
C) lack of variety in her diet
D) drinking hot beverages

Question 27

Kwashiorkor,a severe form of protein malnutrition,is characterized by

A) ascites and diarrhea.
B) scaly, flaky skin, mental apathy, and abdominal edema.
C) headaches and blindness.
D) skin sores and easy bruising.

Question 28

Because of her severe burns,your patient's laboratory tests will most likely reveal

A) increased creatinine height index and decreased total lymphocytes and albumin.
B) negative nitrogen balance, increased albumin, and increased total lymphocyte count.
C) negative nitrogen balance, decreased albumin, and decreased creatinine height index.
D) zero nitrogen balance, decreased albumin, increased hemoglobin, and increased hematocrit.

Question 29

Your patient's low-density lipoprotein level is 180 mg/dL,total cholesterol is 325 mg/dL,and triglycerides are 178 mg/dL.His risk for coronary heart disease is considered to be

A) normal.
B) low.
C) moderate.
D) high.

Question 30

Your patient has a triceps skinfold (TSF)of 15 mm and her mid-arm circumference is 28 cm; therefore,her mid-arm muscle circumference is

A) 13 cm
B) 23.3 cm
C) 27.5 cm
D) 28.47 cm

Question 31

When planning a diet with a pregnant woman,the nurse's first action would be to

A) review the woman's current dietary intake.
B) teach her about MyPlate.
C) caution her to avoid large amounts of vitamins, especially fat-soluble ones.
D) instruct her to limit her intake of fatty foods.

Question 32

Abnormal findings on the triceps skinfold (TSF)are below the

A) 5th percentile and above the 95th percentile.
B) 10th percentile and above the 90th percentile.
C) 15th percentile and above the 85th percentile.
D) 20th percentile and above the 80th percentile.

Question 33

Increased serum iron levels can result from

A) chronic diseases.
B) hemolytic anemia.
C) iron deficiency.
D) severe physiological stress.

Question 34

Because your patient has protein malnutrition,the result of his antigen skin test is most likely to be

A) immediate negative reaction.
B) delayed positive reaction.
C) positive to mumps virus only.
D) negative to streptokinase only.

Question 35

Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition)differs from kwashiorkor in that

A) adults are not affected.
B) emaciation is more severe, but edema is not present.
C) malabsorption disorders are the predominant cause.
D) older children are primarily affected.

Question 36

The nurse is evaluating laboratory data on a 70-year-old male.Which of the following values is cause for concern and follow-up?

A) LDL = 90 mg/dL
B) Hemoglobin = 14.5 g/dL
C) Albumin = 4.5 g/dL
D) HbA1c = 8.0%

Question 37

To obtain a measurement of skinfold thickness of your patient's triceps,you would ask the patient to relax in his chair and then you would take the measurement

A) on the upper part of his dominant arm.
B) while you grasp the skin and pull it free from the muscle.
C) recording the finding to the nearest 1 mm.
D) twice on each arm and average the findings.

Question 38

Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels may result from

A) high altitude.
B) cyanotic heart defects.
C) leukemia.
D) severe dehydration.

Question 39

The spouse of your 72-year-old patient has asked you to assess his wife's nutritional status because she has lost weight over a 4-month period.Which of the following patient problems is of most concern because of the risk for aspiration?

A) decreased appetite
B) difficulty feeding herself
C) difficulty swallowing
D) recurring canker sores

Question 40

Which of the following statements from a patient's history is it most important to investigate further?

A) "I have an allergy to peanuts."
B) "I have lost 30 pounds over the last 4 months."
C) "I don't like many vegetables so I take multivitamins."
D) "I drink 2 cups of coffee each morning."

Question 41

The nurse is assigned to a female client whose weight is 230 lbs.and height is 5 feet,3 inches.The nurse would determine that the client's BMI would be which of the following?

A) 35
B) 37
C) 41
D) 43

Question 42

Obesity and coronary artery disease may be the result of a diet high in ____________________.

Question 43

Your patient's weight is 80 lb and her ideal body weight is 120 lb.You would document that she has

A) mild undernutrition.
B) moderate undernutrition.
C) severe undernutrition.
D) morbid nutrition.

Question 44

The nurse assesses an infant for possible dehydration.Which of the following findings would reveal dehydration? Select all that apply.

A) Sunken eyes
B) Excess urine output
C) Inability to produce tears
D) Urine specific gravity <1.035
E) History of inadequate fluid intake
F) Tongue with furrows and fissures

Question 45

A male patient has a waist of 42 inches and hips that are 35 inches.What would be your conclusion about his waist to hip ratio?

A) He has a "pear" distribution of body fat.
B) It is associated with the adverse morbidity and mortality of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
C) It is normal.
D) It is associated with bulimia nervosa.

Question 46

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breast milk instead of formula feedings for the first ___________________ months of life.

Question 47

Which of the following medications can lead to a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency? Select all that apply.

A) Methotrexate
B) Penicillin
C) Melfamin
D) Aldosterone
E) Digoxin
F) Proton pump inhibitors

Question 48

Nutrition is the process by which the body metabolizes and uses ___________________.

Question 49

The most common nutrient deficiency in the world is lack of ___________________.

Question 50

The three most important nutrients that provide the body with energy are ___________________,___________________,and ___________________.

Question 51

Folic acid,when taken as a prenatal nutritional supplement,is given to reduce the risk of ___________________ defects.

Question 52

A nursing instructor asks a group of students,"What can a deficiency in ascorbic acid produce?" Which response by the students would require further clarification? Select all that apply.

A) Scurvy
B) Kidney stones
C) Bruises easily
D) Muscle cramps
E) Ulcerated gums
F) Raised uric acid level

Question 53

When teaching a client about the best sources of potassium,the nurse would include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Eggs
B) Nuts
C) Meats
D) Cheese
E) Bananas
F) Oranges

Question 54

A nursing instructor asks a group of nursing students to name the water-soluble vitamins.Which response by the students would indicate that further teaching is needed? Select all that apply.

A) A
B) B₆
C) B₁₂
D) C
E) D
F) E

Question 55

Anthropometric measures include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) X-rays
B) Height
C) Weight
D) Hematocrit
E) Hemoglobin
F) Body mass index