Deck 23: Respiratory System

Question 1

Whenever people cry, their nose runs. This is because the _____ drain tears into the nose.

A) nasolacrimal ducts
B) paranasal sinuses
C) lacrimal glands
D) Wharten's ducts
E) auditory tube

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the internal nares to the level of the uvula is the

A) glottis.
B) nasopharynx.
C) oropharynx.
D) laryngopharynx.
E) glottopharynx.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the

A) epiglottis.
B) thyroid cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) corniculate cartilage.
E) cuneiform cartilage.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the nasal cavity?

A) traps dirt and removes it from the air
B) moisturizes the air
C) exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) warms the air

Question 5

External respiration refers to

A) atmospheric air coming into the lungs.
B) gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
C) gas exchange in the atmosphere.
D) gas exchange between the blood and body tissues.
E) cellular respiration.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a process of respiration?

A) voice production
B) internal respiration
C) ventilation
D) external respiration
E) transport of blood gases in the blood

Question 7

The auditory tubes open into the

A) fauces.
B) oropharynx.
C) nasopharynx.
D) laryngopharynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 8

The nasal septum

A) divides the nose into superior and inferior chambers.
B) forms the floor of the nasal cavity.
C) is the opening of the nose to the outside environment.
D) is the part of the nose responsible for the sense of smell.
E) divides the nose into right and left chambers.

Question 9

Which of the following is a passageway for both air and food?

A) trachea
B) larynx
C) pharynx
D) bronchus
E) esophagus

Question 10

Internal respiration refers to

A) atmospheric air coming into the lungs.
B) gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
C) gas exchange in the atmosphere.
D) gas exchange between the blood and body tissues.
E) cellular respiration.

Question 11

The ring of cartilage that forms the base of the larynx is the

A) epiglottis.
B) thyroid cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) arytenoid cartilage.
E) cuneiform cartilage.

Question 12

The olfactory epithelium responsible for the sense of smell is located in the

A) floor of the nasal cavity.
B) wall of the nasal septum.
C) lining of the nasopharynx.
D) cavity of the paranasal sinuses.
E) roof of the nasal cavity.

Question 13

A protective function of the respiratory system would be

A) altering blood pH by changing blood CO₂ levels.
B) olfaction by drawing molecules into the nasal cavity.
C) producing ACE which helps regulate blood pressure.
D) preventing microorganisms from entering the body.

Question 14

Which of the following functions is associated with the nose?

A) initiating the cough reflex
B) external respiration
C) warming the air
D) producing mucus to trap debris from the air
E) warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air

Question 15

A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nares. Which of the following is the correct pathway to the trachea?

A) nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea
B) oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea
C) nasopharynx, nasal cavity, laryngopharynx, trachea
D) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea
E) nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, pharynx

Question 16

Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?

A) lungs
B) pharynx
C) trachea
D) bronchi
E) bronchioles

Question 17

Which of the following structures opens directly into the nasal cavity?

A) paranasal sinuses
B) auditory tubes
C) lacrimal glands
D) fauces
E) epiglottis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

A) olfaction
B) taste
C) production of chemical mediators
D) voice production
E) regulation of blood pH

Question 19

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A) increases turbulence in the airflow
B) olfaction
C) increases surface area for cleaning, warming, and moisturizing the air
D) increases turbulence and surface area for cleaning, warming and moisturizing the air

Question 20

Ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) gas exchange between the blood and the tissues.
C) transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
D) gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood.
E) respiration at the cellular level.

Question 21

When people aspirate liquids or food into their lungs, the liquid or food most commonly enters the right lung rather than the left lung. This is because the right primary bronchus is __________ than the left primary bronchus.

A) longer
B) thinner
C) more vertical
D) less ciliated
E) shorter

Question 22

Which of the following statements concerning the larynx is correct?

A) The larynx contains four unpaired cartilages.
B) When the glottis closes, air is prevented from leaving the lungs.
C) Unlike other portions of the larynx, the epiglottis consists of some bony tissue.
D) The inferior laryngeal cartilage is the thyroid cartilage.
E) The epiglottis is also called "Adam's apple".

Question 23

Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles

A) occurs during periods of exercise.
B) restricts the flow of air into the lungs.
C) decreases ciliary action.
D) increases airflow out of the lungs.
E) does not affect airflow.

Question 24

The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following?

A) trachea
B) alveoli
C) primary bronchi
D) larynx
E) tertiary bronchi

Question 25

From largest to smallest, the correct sequence for the following passageways is

A) bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveoli.
B) bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli.
C) alveoli, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi.
D) bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli.
E) terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

Question 26

Which of the following laryngeal cartilages are paired? (1) epiglottis
(2) thyroid cartilage
(3) corniculate cartilage
(4) arytenoid cartilage
(5) cuneiform cartilage
(6) cricoid cartilage

A) 1, 2, 6
B) 3, 5, 6
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 3, 4, 5
E) 2, 3, 4

Question 27

The pitch of the sound produced by the vocal folds is controlled by the

A) frequency of the vibrations.
B) amplitude of the vibrations.
C) thickness of the thyroid cartilage.
D) size of the glottis.
E) force of air moving past them.

Question 28

Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation: (1) alveolar ducts
(2) alveolus
(3) respiratory bronchiole
(4) terminal bronchiole

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 3, 2, 1, 4
E) 4, 3, 2, 1

Question 29

During swallowing, the opening into the larynx is covered by the

A) epiglottis.
B) thyroid cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) arytenoid cartilage.
E) the "Adam's apple".

Question 30

The trachea

A) is located in the pleural cavity.
B) has "C" shaped cartilages that form its anterior and lateral sides.
C) is lined with keratinized squamous epithelium.
D) bifurcates to form the bronchioles.
E) collapses when not in use.

Question 31

The walls of the alveoli

A) are composed of simple squamous epithelium.
B) contain several layers of smooth muscle.
C) contain goblet cells.
D) are surrounded by cartilage.
E) are ciliated.

Question 32

A person has severe damage or disease in the upper area of their right lung. Surgery is necessary. The doctor would need to remove

A) the entire right lung.
B) the superior lobe of the right lung.
C) the apical bronchopulmonary segment of the right lung.
D) only the damaged area of the apical bronchopulmonary segment.
E) the apical, anterior, and posterior segments of the superior lobe.

Question 33

Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in the

A) alveoli.
B) primary bronchi.
C) terminal bronchioles.
D) trachea.
E) respiratory bronchi.

Question 34

What is the function of the ciliated epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree?

A) to cause coughing
B) a mucus-cilia escalator
C) move dirt toward the alveoli
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 35

The diameter of bronchioles can change because their walls contain

A) smooth muscle.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) fibrous cartilage.
D) hyaline cartilage.
E) elastic cartilage.

Question 36

Of the following structures, the largest in diameter is the

A) primary bronchus.
B) secondary bronchus.
C) respiratory bronchiole.
D) trachea.
E) tertiary bronchus.

Question 37

When these ligaments or folds come together, they prevent food from entering the lower respiratory tract.

A) vocal folds
B) vestibular folds
C) cricothyroid ligaments
D) epiglottic folds
E) vocal folds and vestibular folds

Question 38

Each lobe of each lung is supplied by a

A) primary bronchus.
B) secondary bronchus.
C) tertiary bronchus.
D) bronchiole.
E) segmental bronchus.

Question 39

When air passes through the glottis, which structures vibrate to produce sound?

A) thyroid folds
B) ventricular folds
C) epiglottal cords
D) cricohyoid folds
E) vocal folds (cords)

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding the lungs is correct?

A) The left lung is larger than the right lung.
B) The left lung contains two lobes while the right lung contains three lobes.
C) The left lung has more bronchopulmonary segments than the right lung.
D) Only the right lung has a hilum.
E) The left lung contains three lobes while the right lung contains two lobes.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory membrane?

A) simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and its basement membrane
B) interstitial space
C) pulmonary capillary simple squamous epithelium and its basement membrane
D) thick layer of mucus lining the alveolus

Question 42

Expiration during quiet breathing

A) is an active process.
B) requires more muscle contractions than inspiration.
C) is due to contraction of the diaphragm and elevation of the ribs.
D) occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
E) is not affected by the elastic properties of the lungs.

Question 43

What type of cells make up about 90% of the alveolar surface?

A) ciliated simple squamous epithelial cells
B) Type I pneumocytes
C) Type II pneumocytes
D) macrophages

Question 44

During expiration, the alveolar pressure must be

A) greater than atmospheric pressure.
B) less than atmospheric pressure.
C) equal to atmospheric pressure.
D) greater than pleural pressure.
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 45

The lungs have

A) one blood flow route and one lymphatic supply.
B) two blood flow routes and one lymphatic supply.
C) one blood flow route and two lymphatic supplies.
D) two blood flow routes and two lymphatic supplies.
E) three blood flow routes and one lymphatic supply.

Question 46

What type of alveolar cells produce surfactant?

A) ciliated simple cuboidal epithelial cells
B) Type I pneumocytes
C) Type II pneumocytes
D) macrophages

Question 47

Air in the pleural cavity is called

A) emphysema.
B) respiratory distress syndrome.
C) a pneumothorax.
D) pneumonia.
E) forced expiration.

Question 48

Oxygenated blood is carried to the tissues of the lungs via the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) bronchial arteries.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) abdominal aorta.
E) pleural arteries.

Question 49

Which of the following statements concerning the lungs and the pleura is true?

A) Each lung is suspended in a separate pleural cavity.
B) Parietal pleura covers the surface of each lung.
C) The space between the visceral and parietal pleurae is called the mediastinum.
D) The pleural fluid assists in gas exchange.
E) The pleural membranes adhere, but cannot slide past each other.

Question 50

For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be

A) a volume gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
B) a temperature gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
C) a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
D) a diffusion gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 51

What occurs at the respiratory membrane?

A) mucus removes debris
B) gas exchange between the air and blood takes place
C) macrophages accumulate to remove debris
D) gas exchange between the blood and tissues takes place

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true?

A) As thoracic volume increases, alveolar pressure (P_alv) increases.
B) In expiration, the thoracic volume increases.
C) Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing.
D) As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (P_alv) decreases.
E) Pressure is directly proportional to volume.

Question 53

Which of the following factors keeps the alveoli expanded?

A) a pneumothorax
B) negative pleural pressure
C) alveolar pressure being equal to atmospheric pressure
D) a reduction in surfactant
E) negative intra-alveolar pressure

Question 54

Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation? (1) diaphragm
(2) external intercostals
(3) internal intercostals
(4) rectus abdominis

A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4
E) 3, 4

Question 55

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

A) decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli.
B) decreasing thoracic compliance.
C) attracting water to the alveolar surface.
D) increasing the surface area for gas exchange.
E) increases the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli.

Question 56

Whose law explains that an increase in volume causes a decrease in pressure?

A) Henry's Law
B) Dalton's Law
C) Charles Law
D) Boyles Law

Question 57

Contraction of the _______ will increase the superior-inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity.

A) rectus abdominis
B) internal intercostals
C) diaphragm
D) external intercostals
E) sternocleidomastoid

Question 58

When the inspiratory muscles contract,

A) thoracic volume increases.
B) pleural pressure increases.
C) the alveolar pressure increases.
D) expiration occurs.
E) thoracic volume decreases.

Question 59

During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm causes the volume of Mr. Jones' thoracic cavity to increase and the pleural pressure to decrease. The pressure in his alveoli (P_alv) will

A) decrease below atmospheric pressure (P_B), causing air to move out of his lungs.
B) become greater than atmospheric pressure (P_B), causing air to move into his lungs.
C) decrease below atmospheric pressure (P_B), causing air to move into his lungs.
D) become greater than atmospheric pressure (P_B), causing air to move out of his lungs.
E) does not change.

Question 60

The serous membranes that surround the lungs are called the

A) mucous membranes.
B) synovial membranes.
C) pleural membranes.
D) peritoneal membranes.
E) pulmonary membranes.

Question 61

Mr. Huff and Puff is getting ready to blow up a pool float because he can't find the air pump. He takes a big breath in after exhaling normally. The air he takes in is the

A) inspiratory reserve volume.
B) vital capacity.
C) inspiratory capacity.
D) tidal volume.

Question 62

Calculate the alveolar ventilation if the tidal volume is 500 ml., the respiratory rate is 12/minute, and the anatomical dead space is 100 ml.

A) 1200 ml
B) 1800 ml
C) 4800 ml
D) 6000 ml
E) 7200 ml

Question 63

Pulmonary edema will cause the rate of gas diffusion to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain the same.

Question 64

Contraction of respiratory muscles are responsible for the movement of air out of the lungs in quiet expiration.

Question 65

What is the volume of air that can be forcibly expired after expiration of the tidal volume?

A) residual volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) vital capacity
D) expiratory reserve volume

Question 66

In which of the following situations is compliance greatest?

A) collapse of the alveoli
B) airway obstruction
C) emphysema
D) pulmonary fibrosis
E) pulmonary edema

Question 67

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the respiratory membrane by the process of

A) active transport.
B) diffusion.
C) filtration.
D) osmosis.
E) cotransport.

Question 68

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than is oxygen. Which gas has the higher rate of diffusion?

A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) Both will have the same rate of diffusion

Question 69

Whose law explains why a gas will move from one area to another area?

A) Dalton's Law
B) Henry's Law
C) Charles Law
D) Boyle's Law

Question 70

What factors are responsible for the decrease in the volume of the alveoli?

A) compliance and lung recoil
B) lung recoil and surface tension of water
C) compliance and surface tension of water
D) perfusion and lung recoil

Question 71

A decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane will cause the diffusion rate to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain unchanged.

Question 72

Mr. Huff and Puff exhales normally; then, using forced expiration, he exhales as much air as possible. The volume of air still remaining in his lungs is called

A) expiratory reserve volume.
B) tidal volume.
C) inspiratory reserve volume.
D) vital capacity.
E) residual volume.

Question 73

Physiological dead air space is anatomic dead space plus

A) the residual volume.
B) the volume of any alveoli where gas exchange is diminished.
C) the volume of blood flowing to the lungs.
D) the respiration rate.
E) tidal volume.

Question 74

The volume of air available for gas exchange per minute is called the

A) vital capacity.
B) alveolar ventilation.
C) minute respiratory volume.
D) functional residual capacity.
E) respiratory rate.

Question 75

If the total pressure of a mixture of gases was 760 mm Hg and its composition is 20% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, 75% nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, then the partial pressure of oxygen would be

A) 740 mm Hg.
B) 20 mm Hg.
C) 148 mm Hg.
D) 152 mm Hg.
E) 200 mm Hg.

Question 76

The volume of air inspired or expired with each breath is the

A) residual volume.
B) inspiratory reserve volume.
C) tidal volume.
D) expiratory reserve volume.

Question 77

Which of the following individuals will have the highest vital capacity?

A) a well-trained athlete (male or female)
B) a middle-aged, short female
C) an 80-year-old male
D) a young, obese male
E) an adult female

Question 78

Which of the following respiratory membrane layers is closest to air in the alveolus?

A) alveolar epithelium
B) alveolar basement membrane
C) capillary basement membrane
D) capillary endothelium
E) alveolar fluid (with surfactant)

Question 79

Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

A) increased fluid in the alveoli
B) increased thickness of the respiratory membrane
C) increased surface area of the respiratory membrane
D) increased connective tissue in the alveolar wall
E) decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane?

A) the partial pressure gradient of the gases
B) the thickness of the respiratory membrane
C) the diffusion coefficient of the gases
D) the temperature of the gases
E) the surface area of the membrane