Deck 39: Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following may result in anemia?

A) a deficiency of iron
B) a deficiency of iodine
C) a deficiency of chlorine
D) a deficiency of calcium

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a suspension feeder?

A) a whale
B) a mosquito
C) a snake
D) a lamprey

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following do some nudibranchs have in their body?

A) tonoplasts
B) teeth
C) chloroplasts
D) chromoplasts

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which vitamin can humans produce?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin A

Question 5

Suppose that your diet does NOT contain any dark green vegetables, whole grains, yeast, or lean meats. Which vitamin might you be deficient in?

A) vitamin B₁
B) folic acid
C) vitamin B₆
D) niacin

Question 6

Which vitamin deficiency is correctly paired with the condition it causes?

A) vitamin D deficiency: bone hardening
B) vitamin K deficiency: decreased blood clotting time
C) vitamin D deficiency: anemia
D) vitamin K deficiency: increased blood clotting time

Question 7

Which pair includes animals that are both classified as suspension feeders?

A) lampreys and rabbits
B) whales and clams
C) clams and aphids
D) aphids and whales

Question 8

How many of the 13 essential vitamins are water soluble and how many are fat soluble?

A) 9 are water soluble, and 4 are fat soluble
B) 8 are water soluble, and 5 are fat soluble
C) 5 are water soluble, and 8 are fat soluble
D) 4 are water soluble, and 9 are fat soluble

Question 9

Which vitamin can humans synthesize?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B
D) vitamin A

Question 10

Suppose that a person is on a diet of primarily grains. Which two amino acids would such a diet likely be deficient in?

A) valine and lysine
B) methionine and lysine
C) isoleucine and lysine
D) methionine and tryptophan

Question 11

Which statement describes suspension feeders?

A) They may inject anticoagulants into a host to inhibit blood from clotting.
B) They may have long tongues to effectively extract nectar from plants.
C) They may have comblike plates called baleen.
D) They may have piercing mouth parts to obtain blood from a host.

Question 12

What type of feeders are humans?

A) bulk feeders
B) suspension feeders
C) fluid feeders
D) deposit feeders

Question 13

Which condition is caused by a deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) pellagra
B) beriberi
C) scurvy
D) rickets

Question 14

Which mineral is deficient in a person who has a goiter?

A) magnesium
B) iodine
C) zinc
D) manganese

Question 15

Which of these groups consume animals?

A) herbivores only
B) omnivores and herbivores
C) carnivores and omnivores
D) carnivores only

Question 16

Which condition can be a result of a deficiency of vitamin C?

A) rickets
B) scurvy
C) beriberi
D) night blindness

Question 17

Where are choanocytes found?

A) in humans
B) in birds
C) in earthworms
D) in sponges

Question 18

Which of the following is an unusual characteristic of some herbivorous nudibranchs?

A) They feed on plants.
B) They perform photosynthesis.
C) They are carnivorous.
D) They eat by absorption.

Question 19

Which of the following may result in muscular weakness?

A) deficiencies in phosphorus and calcium
B) deficiencies in iodine and iron
C) deficiencies in iron and manganese
D) deficiencies in phosphorus and potassium

Question 20

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K

Question 21

Which of these animals has a double digestive opening?

A) coral
B) a flatworm
C) an earthworm
D) a hydra

Question 22

Which sequence presents the digestive structures of an annelid in the proper order?

A) mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus
B) mouth, esophagus, gizzard, crop, intestine, anus
C) mouth, esophagus, intestine, gizzard, crop, anus
D) mouth, esophagus, crop, intestine, gizzard, anus

Question 23

Which enzyme is contained in human saliva?

A) chymotrypsin
B) pepsin
C) trypsin
D) amylase

Question 24

What is the purpose of the watery fluid secreted by the serosa of the human digestive tract?

A) It kills bacteria.
B) It initiates peristalsis.
C) It reduces friction between nearby organs.
D) It emulsifies fats.

Question 25

In which digestive structure is food called bolus?

A) in the liver
B) in the small intestine
C) in the large intestine
D) in the mouth

Question 26

Which layer of the mammalian gut performs peristalsis?

A) the lamina
B) the mucosa
C) the muscularis
D) the submucosa

Question 27

Which statement best describes extracellular digestion?

A) Extracellular digestion is seen in sponges.
B) Extracellular digestion occurs in most animals.
C) Extracellular digestion must involve choanocytes.
D) Extracellular digestion may take place in a tube contained inside the body.

Question 28

What is a lysosome's role in intracellular digestion?

A) enzymatic digestion
B) absorption
C) mechanical digestion
D) energy production

Question 29

In which structure of the digestive tract does digestion of starches begin?

A) in the esophagus
B) in the large intestine
C) in the mouth
D) in the small intestine

Question 30

Which process in the human digestive system best illustrates mechanical digestion?

A) absorption
B) chewing
C) pepsin activity
D) amylase activity

Question 31

Which structure of the human digestive tract produces bile?

A) the liver
B) the stomach
C) the gallbladder
D) the small intestine

Question 32

What is the dual function of the gastrovascular cavity in a sea anemone?

A) circulatory and respiratory
B) respiratory and reproductive
C) digestive and respiratory
D) digestive and circulatory

Question 33

Which pair of structures, found in different organisms, both serve to increase the absorptive surfaces of the intestines?

A) choanocytes and gastric ceca
B) proventriculus and villi
C) choanocytes and proventriculus
D) typhlosoles and villi

Question 34

Which organ in the human digestive system contains an oblique layer of muscle as a part of its muscularis?

A) the large intestine
B) the esophagus
C) the stomach
D) the small intestine

Question 35

Which statement describes an earthworm's digestive opening?

A) It has two digestive openings and no typhlosoles.
B) It has two digestive openings and typhlosoles.
C) It has a single digestive opening and no typhlosoles.
D) It has a single digestive opening and typhlosoles.

Question 36

Which sequence presents the five steps of digestion in an upper-level animal in the proper order?

A) mechanical processing, secretion of enzymes, absorption, enzymatic hydrolysis, elimination
B) mechanical processing, absorption, secretion of enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis, elimination
C) mechanical processing, secretion of enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis, absorption, elimination
D) absorption, enzymatic hydrolysis, mechanical processing, secretion of enzymes, elimination

Question 37

Where are sphincters located?

A) in the mouth
B) between major regions of the digestive tract
C) in the stomach
D) between different stomachs of herbivorous animals

Question 38

Which sequence lists the layers of a mammalian gut in order, from the outside to the inside (toward the lumen)?

A) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
B) muscularis, mucosa, submucosa, serosa
C) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
D) serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

Question 39

Which structure in the bird's digestive tract is utilized for food storage?

A) the esophagus
B) the crop
C) the mouth
D) the gizzard

Question 40

Which part of a bird's digestive system contains sand and rocks to aid in mechanical digestion?

A) the pharynx
B) the crop
C) the proventriculus
D) the gizzard

Question 41

Where does most absorption in the human body take place?

A) in the liver
B) in the stomach
C) in the small intestine
D) in the large intestine

Question 42

Which of the following is a purpose for the presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A) It folds proteins.
B) It activates amylase.
C) It emulsifies fats.
D) It kills bacteria.

Question 43

Which digestive structures in humans secrete amylase?

A) the pancreas, the liver, and the salivary glands
B) the liver and the pancreas
C) the pancreas and the salivary glands
D) the liver and the gallbladder

Question 44

Where does the digestion of proteins begin in humans?

A) in the stomach
B) in the small intestines
C) in the pancreas
D) in the large intestine

Question 45

Which cells produce pepsinogen in the stomach?

A) chief cells
B) choanocytes
C) villi
D) parietal cells

Question 46

Which of the following causes heartburn?

A) the pyloric sphincter remaining too tightly closed
B) the gastroesophageal sphincter remaining a little open
C) the pyloric sphincter remaining a little open
D) the gastroesophageal sphincter remaining too tightly closed

Question 47

Which digestive structure stores concentrated bile?

A) the gallbladder
B) the stomach
C) the pancreas
D) the duodenum

Question 48

What function is served by the presence of alkaline components in pancreatic juice?

A) It creates an optimum environment for digestion in the large intestine.
B) It stimulates peristalsis in the large intestine.
C) It neutralizes the acidity of stomach contents.
D) It stimulates peristalsis in the small intestine.

Question 49

Which of the following acts as an emulsifier?

A) lipase
B) amylase
C) bile
D) trypsin

Question 50

What is the cause of most peptic ulcers?

A) lactose intolerance
B) heartburn
C) bacteria
D) malnutrition

Question 51

Which enzyme is produced by the stomach?

A) amylase
B) pepsin
C) trypsin
D) lipase

Question 52

Which digestive structure in humans is active in both the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients?

A) the small intestine
B) the mouth
C) the liver
D) the pancreas

Question 53

What is the main function of the small intestine?

A) to absorb water
B) to digest fats
C) to absorb nutrients
D) to kill bacteria

Question 54

Which statement describes the large intestine in the human digestive tract?

A) The large intestine does not contain villi, and is smaller in diameter and longer in length than the small intestine.
B) The large intestine does not contain villi, and is larger in diameter and smaller in length than the small intestine.
C) The large intestine contains villi, and is smaller in diameter and longer in length than the small intestine.
D) The large intestine does not contain villi, and is larger in diameter and longer in length than the small intestine.

Question 55

Where is the pancreas located?

A) between the liver and the small intestine
B) between the stomach and the small intestine
C) between the stomach and the liver
D) between the gallbladder and the liver

Question 56

Which structure regulates the movement of food into the stomach, and which regulates the passage of food into the small intestine?

A) pyloric sphincter; anal sphincter
B) gastroesophageal sphincter; pyloric sphincter
C) epiglottis; pyloric sphincter
D) epiglottis; gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 57

Which enzyme is matched correctly with the substance it digests?

A) pancreatic amylase: fats
B) pepsin: proteins
C) salivary amylase: fats
D) trypsin: fats

Question 58

Which layer of the mammalian digestive tract directly contacts the lumen?

A) the mucosa
B) the submucosa
C) the muscularis
D) the serosa

Question 59

In which organ is food called chyme?

A) the small intestine
B) the stomach
C) the large intestine
D) the liver

Question 60

What is the usual pH of stomach acids?

A) 2
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12

Question 61

Mechanical breakdown often involves grinding, sometimes with teeth and sometimes in a muscular stomach.

Question 62

Which two structures of the human digestive tract can be classified as endocrine glands because they produce hormones?

A) the liver and small intestine
B) the pancreas and small intestine
C) the pancreas and stomach
D) the liver and pancreas

Question 63

The "small" in the small intestine refers to its length.

Question 64

How does undernutrition impact the human body?

Question 65

Where does digestion of lipids in humans begin?

A) in the small intestine
B) in the stomach
C) in the pancreas
D) in the mouth

Question 66

What purpose do villi and microvilli serve in the small intestine?

Question 67

In the human diet, linoleic acid and linolenic acid are the only essential fatty acids.

Question 68

Which veins join together to form the hepatic portal vein?

A) those in the large intestine
B) those in the liver
C) those in the stomach
D) those in the small intestine

Question 69

Which structure produces a hormone that activates secretion of enzymes within it?

A) the stomach
B) the mouth
C) the small intestine
D) the liver

Question 70

What are the two proteases in the small intestine that complete protein digestion?

A) aminopeptidase and dipeptidase
B) aminopeptidase and disaccharidase
C) nucleotidase and nucleosidase
D) dipeptidase and phosphatase

Question 71

Accessory structures in humans contribute to digestion, but food does not actually pass through them. Name all of the accessory structures and the major digestive substances that they produce.

Question 72

When fat enters the duodenum, which hormone is stimulated to be released?

A) amylase
B) secretin
C) gastrin
D) cholecystokinin

Question 73

Humans require 13 known vitamins in their diet.

Question 74

The rabbit cecum houses beneficial microorganisms that help in digestion.

Question 75

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A) to absorb water
B) to complete the digestion of fats
C) to complete the digestion of protein
D) to absorb nutrients

Question 76

The appendix is a vestigial structure. Which structure does it extend from?

A) the rectum
B) the cecum
C) the stomach
D) the colon

Question 77

Which structure in the human body regulates hunger and a sense of fullness?

A) the pancreas
B) the hypothalamus
C) the small intestine
D) the stomach

Question 78

How are the gastric glands in the stomach protected from digestion by the enzyme they produce?

Question 79

Which of the following is the function of the liver?

A) It detoxifies toxic substances.
B) It produces amylase.
C) It synthesizes insulin.
D) It makes food using energy.

Question 80

The mucosa of the digestive tract may have villi as an adaptation.