Deck 14: Prison Life

Question 1

One of the leading formative influences on the staff culture of corrections officers is the

A)lack of opportunity for promotion and career development.
B)the lack of political support for raises.
C)the potential threat that inmates pose.
D)the frustration and boredom associated with the job.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Career female offenders who have adapted to prison life and generally keep to themselves represent which style of adaptation to prison life?

A)The square
B)The cool
C)The life
D)The homebody

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In prison argot,"crack kids" are

A)babies born in prison.
B)streetwise young women with no respect for traditional prison values.
C)streetwise young women who are drug dealers in prison.
D)female prison inmates who are children of drug dealers.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following best describes female offenders?

A)Disproportionately white
B)Married mothers of minor children
C)Most likely to have been convicted of a property crime
D)Survivor of physical or sexual abuse as children

Question 5

More than half of the children of female prisoners never visit their mothers during the period of incarceration.Which of the following is not a reason for the lack of visits?

A)Women's prisons are located in remote areas.
B)Children live with their fathers,who are unwilling to visit mothers in prison.
C)Caregivers are unable to arrange visitation.
D)Transportation facilities to the prison are insufficient.

Question 6

The ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the ________ of prison riots.

A)"explosive decade"
B)"historic era"
C)"death knell"
D)"mainstay"

Question 7

The socialization of inmates into the prison subculture is called

A)role development.
B)prisonization.
C)schooling.
D)neutralization.

Question 8

Gresham Sykes identified the pains of imprisonment as ________ that prisoners experience.

A)deprivations
B)importations
C)victimizations
D)illnesses

Question 9

According to John Irwin,an inmate who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer is a(n)

A)retreatist.
B)opportunist.
C)legalist.
D)hedonist.

Question 10

Which type of inmate is most likely to think of prison as his home?

A)The colonizer
B)The radical
C)The legalist
D)The hedonist

Question 11

Many sexually aggressive inmates in prison continue to participate in gang rapes because they

A)are homosexuals.
B)need sexual release.
C)want to avoid becoming victims themselves.
D)have a damaged masculinity.

Question 12

The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values,roles,and behavioral patterns from the outside world.

A)importation
B)liberty
C)autonomy
D)deprivation

Question 13

Most female inmates are housed in

A)centralized state institutions dedicated exclusively to housing female offenders.
B)special wings of facilities that are otherwise institutions for men.
C)coed prisons that allow men and women access to the same facilities at the same time.
D)coed prisons that allow men and women access to the same facilities at different times.

Question 14

What is prison argot?

A)The prison code
B)Prison slang
C)A type of alcohol prisoners secretly brew
D)A code name for homosexuals in prison

Question 15

What is civil death?

A)The legal status of death row inmates who have exhausted all possible appeals in state and federal appellate courts
B)The effect on an inmate who files a civil suit,regardless of the eventual ruling by the civil court
C)The legal status of inmates denied certain rights because they are incarcerated felons
D)The result of prison administrators refusing inmates access to the prison law library

Question 16

Soon after the hands-off doctrine ended,________ began intervening in the running of prisons in multiple states.

A)the U.S.Attorney General
B)federal courts
C)Congress
D)the U.S.Bureau of Prisons

Question 17

Which of the following is probably not a total institution?

A)A mental hospital
B)A seminary
C)A university
D)A jail

Question 18

An inmate organization whose members act together to pose a threat to the safety of corrections staff or the public is a(n)

A)security threat group.
B)total institutional organization.
C)domestic terrorist group.
D)RICO group.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the prison subculture is false?

A)It develops independently of the plans of prison administrators.
B)Prison authorities are not easily able to control the prison subculture.
C)It incorporates inmates' values and behavior patterns.
D)It will vary depending on the location of the prison facility.

Question 20

The two main issues that concern prison staffers are custody and

A)rehabilitation.
B)retribution.
C)training.
D)control.

Question 21

Why do prisoners' rights bear a strong resemblance to privileges?

A)Because inmates must earn back their constitutional rights
B)Because most prisoners' rights are optional and granted at the discretion of individual correctional officers
C)Because the rights of prisoners are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment
D)Because the rights of prisoners are not governed by laws external to the institution

Question 22

According to the Supreme Court decision in Wolff v.McDonnell,

A)sanctions cannot be levied against inmates without appropriate due process.
B)inmates have the right to consult jailhouse lawyers when trained legal assistance is not available.
C)double-celling is not in itself cruel and unusual punishment.
D)prison officials are required to provide proper medical care to inmates.

Question 23

Which strategy for reducing the transmission of AIDS in prison may be illegal?

A)Prevention through the use of educational programs for staff and inmates
B)Eliminating programs that allow conjugal visits for married inmates
C)Segregating HIV-positive inmates from the main prison population
D)Asking inmates to participate in HIV-antibody testing

Question 24

A(n)________ is a formal arrangement which gives inmates the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement.

A)grievance procedure
B)court hearing
C)balancing test
D)inquisition

Question 25

Research has shown that during the six months prior to release from prison,inmates begin to demonstrate a renewed appreciation for conventional values as opposed to prison values.

Question 26

A wanton disregard by corrections personnel for the well-being of inmates is known as

A)deliberate indifference.
B)hands-off.
C)prisonization.
D)civil death.

Question 27

How did the Supreme Court case of Pell v.Procunier affect prisoners' rights?

A)It established grievance procedures for federal inmates to file complaints when their rights are violated.
B)It ended the hands-off doctrine.
C)It reinforced the right of states to deny voting rights to individuals with prior felony convictions.
D)It established a balancing test to weigh individual rights against public order and protection.

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding mentally ill inmates is true?

A)The number of inmates suffering from severe mental illness is similar to the number in the general population.
B)Inmates suffering from significant mental illnesses do not account for a substantial number of incarcerated individuals.
C)Only a few states operate facilities specializing in psychiatric confinement of convicted criminals.
D)Incarcerated women are more likely than men to be mentally ill.

Question 29

Brown v.Plata was a 2011 landmark case from California that dealt with

A)racial issues.
B)gangs in prisons.
C)overcrowding conditions.
D)female prisoner rights.

Question 30

Which of the following is probably not a reason behind the graying of America's prison population?

A)The use of three-strikes and truth-in-sentencing laws
B)The general aging of the American population
C)The prison-building boom of the 1980s and 1990s
D)The changing racial composition of the U.S.

Question 31

Most inmates who sexually assault other inmates in prison generally do not consider themselves homosexuals.

Question 32

What was the purpose behind the Prison Litigation Reform Act?

A)It was designed to increase inmate access to legal counsel when filing civil lawsuits.
B)It was an effort to reduce the number of lawsuits brought by state prisoners in federal courts.
C)It was an attempt to ensure that inmates had reasonable grounds before they filed criminal appeals in federal court.
D)It was intended to ensure inmates received their constitutional rights.

Question 33

Prison staff tend to be sympathetic to the needs of radical inmates.

Question 34

Residents in total institutions generally are cut off from the larger society.

Question 35

Which Supreme Court case appears to have signaled a return to the hands-off doctrine of earlier times?

A)Cruz v.Beto
B)Hudson v.Palmer
C)Estelle v.Gamble
D)Wilson v.Seiter

Question 36

The deprivation model of prison subculture suggests that inmates bring values,roles and behavior patterns from the outside world into prison with them.

Question 37

Incarcerated men are more likely than incarcerated women to have experienced physical or sexual abuse.

Question 38

Prisonization refers to the slang that is characteristic of prison subcultures and prison life.

Question 39

Inmates whose sexual orientation is not primarily heterosexual are more likely to be sexually victimized in prison.

Question 40

Prison subcultures tend to remain stable over time,despite changes in the wider culture.

Question 41

The 1980s were known as the "explosive decade" of prison riots.

Question 42

The majority of HIV-positive inmates were infected while in prison.

Question 43

Sexual misconduct between staff and inmates is more common in men's prisons than in women's prisons.

Question 44

The balancing test weights individual rights against the need for public order.

Question 45

According to the Supreme Court,mentally ill inmates cannot be required to take antipsychotic drugs against their will.

Question 46

Large-scale prison construction in the 1980s has contributed to an increase in the number of elderly inmates in prison today.

Question 47

The primary reason most children of female prisoners never visit their mothers during the period of incarceration is the desire to avoid the prison environment.

Question 48

Most women's prisons do not have programs specifically designed for female offenders.

Question 49

The potential threat posed by inmates is a major influence on staff culture in prison.

Question 50

Inmates have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells under the Fourth Amendment.

Question 51

Civil death is the legal status of inmates who lose most of their rights after being convicted of a crime.

Question 52

Inmates who challenge prison conditions must show deliberate indifference on the part of prison officials.

Question 53

The majority of inmates today have some form of mental illness.

Question 54

AIDS is the leading cause of death among prison inmates today.

Question 55

The primary concern of prison staff is inmate custody and control.

Question 56

Female prisoners form homosexual relationships to compensate for the loss of other affectional relationships outside prison.

Question 57

Nearly all states conduct psychological screenings of applicants to assess candidates applying for jobs as correctional officers.

Question 58

Because they are subject to the needs of imprisonment,prisoners' rights are considered to be absolute rights.

Question 59

Correctional authorities may not impose punishments on inmates without appropriate due process.

Question 60

The Prison Litigation Reform Act was designed to reduce the number of lawsuits filed by state prisoners in federal courts.

Question 61

According to the ________ model of the prison subculture,inmates bring with them values,roles,and behavior patterns from the outside world.

Question 62

One major staff concern in prison,________,ensures order within the prison.

Question 63

________ are generally considered to be at the bottom of the staff hierarchy in prisons.

Question 64

Modern ________ involve formal arrangements allowing inmates to file complaints about the conditions of confinement with the authorities and receive mandated responses.

Question 65

________ is the process by which newly institutionalized offenders come to accept prison lifestyles and criminal values.

Question 66

In women's prisons,________ inmates were more likely to be career offenders.

Question 67

________ involves a wanton disregard by corrections personnel for the well-being of an inmate,requiring both actual knowledge that a harm is occurring and disregard of the risk of harm.

Question 68

Match the inmate type to its description.

A)An inmate who sees himself as a political prisoner and society as an oppressor forcing criminality on members of the public through the unequal distribution of power and wealth
B)An inmate who tends to live for the moment,rather than considering the future,and who is involved in officially condemned activities such as smuggling contraband,homosexuality,and gambling
C)An inmate who acts as a "jailhouse lawyer"
D)An inmate who may experience neurotic or psychotic episodes,become involved in drug and alcohol abuse,or attempt suicide to avoid the realities of prison
E)An inmate who takes advantage of the positive experiences offered by prison,such as education,job training,and counseling
F)An inmate who is affiliated with a gang within prison and uses membership to obtain desired goods inside and outside of prison
G)An inmate who sees prison as a natural consequence of crime and who is likely to continue a life of crime once released from prison
H)An inmate who participates in spiritual activities and who may ask the prison administration to accommodate special spiritual needs
I)An inmate who adjusts to prison by being violent,who is frequently written up,and who spends a lot of time in solitary confinement
J)An inmate who views prison as home and does not look forward to leaving,and who usually holds a position of power or respect among the inmate population
The retreatist

Question 69

Many inmates suffered a form of ________ because they lost many of their rights upon conviction.

Question 70

Until recently,________ was the leading cause of death among prison inmates.

Question 71

Inmates who consider prison as their home and do not want to leave are known as ________.

Question 72

The ________ doctrine was the neutral approach that the courts took towards prison management until the late 1960s.

Question 73

The ________ was designed to reduce the number of lawsuits filed by state prisoners in federal courts.

Question 74

The ________,established in Pell v.Procunier,attempts to weigh the rights of an individual against the state's need to restrict a person's freedom to protect society.

Question 75

Because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment,prisoners' rights are considered to be ________.

Question 76

The ________ includes the values and behavioral patterns characteristic of prison inmates.

Question 77

The ________ of America's prison population is due in part to new sentencing policies that result in longer prison sentences.

Question 78

Gathering and sharing ________ is a way for corrections officers to help in the fight against terrorism.

Question 79

________ refers to the need to understand and take account of the differences that women and men bring to the criminal justice system,and to adjust strategies and practices in ways that appropriately respond to those conditions.

Question 80

The presence of various gangs known as ________ in the Texas prison system significantly increase the risk of riots.